A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ZEUXIS. ZOE. 1329
gem in the Florentine Museum (Gori, vol. i. p. 95, already mentioned; and his picture of the Muses
No. 5; MUller, Denkmliiler d. alten Kunst, vol. i. was carried off to Rome, from Ambracia, by Fulvius
p. xliii. No. 203). Lucian himself (Zeux. 3) men- Nobilior.
tions this work in illustration of a statement which In addition to the works which have been alhe makes concerning Zeuxis's choice of subjects, ready mentioned, we possess notices of the following
namely, that " he did not paint those popular and pictures by Zeuxis. His Jupiter enthroned, with
common subjects (or at least very few of them), the gods standing by, is mentioned by Pliny with
such as heroes, or gods, or battles, but he always the epithet maynificus, and its subject confirms the
aimed at novelty, and if any thing unusual or opinion that it was one of the artist's finest works.
strange occurred to him, upon it he displayed the Pliny also mentions his Marsyas Bound (Marsyas
perfection of his art." A glance, however, at the religatus), in the temple of Concord. A minute
subjects of the painter's works will show that this description of a painting on this subject is given
statement is to be accepted with a considerable by Philostratus, who, however, does not mention
deduction. Zeuxis as its painter (Eikon. 2); and the subject
Of the diligence, with which Zeuxis elaborated frequently occurs on vases, sarcophagi, candelabra,
his paintings, we have a proof in the reply which and other remains of ancient art, as well as in the
he made to Agatharcus, who, as was natural for a painting found at Herculaneum, and one or two
scene-painter, was boasting of the rapidity with others, which may be presumed to be more or less
which he executed his works, when Zeuxis quietly copied from the work of Zeuxis. (For an account
observed: -" But I take a long time about mine" of these works, see Muller, Archliol. d. Kunst,
('Ey Be 7roXAT Xposrp,: Plut. Per. 13). The ~ 362, n. 4; for a sketch of the picture at Hercutale is told with a slight variation by Plutarch, in laneum, MUller, Denkmaier d. alten Kunst, vol. i.
another passage (Do Arnic. Mult. 5, p. 94, f.), that pl. xliii. No. 204; and for copies of other works,
Zeuxis, being blamed for the slowness with which which represent the story of Apollo and Marsyas,
he worked, replied, " I confess that I take a long see the Denkinmler, vol. ii. pl. xiv. Nos. 149-154).
time to paint; for I paint works to last a long The Menelaus of Zeuxis is mentioned by Tzetzes
time ('O/oAoyo Esv' 7roXkr XpoSp ypdfeIv, ialc yap (Chil. viii. 196-198); and his Boreas or Triton
Eisr rokvv' hence the proverb, Pingo in aeternita- by Lucian (Tinzon, 54). Pliny tells us that he
tenz). There are other anecdotes told of Zeuxis in painted monochromes in shades of gray (monochrocommon with other great painters. Thus the ce- mata exc albo); and also that there were some vases
lebrated verse, ascribed to APoLLoDoaus, is said painted by him (figlina opera) at Ambracia, where
by Pliny to have been written by Zeuxis upon his they were left untouched by Fulvius Nobilior,
picture of an athlete:-" A man will find it easier when he took away the picture of the Muses. The
to blame than to imitate" (Invisurum aliquenm fa- statement of Cicero (Brutus, 18), that Zeuxis used
c;lius, quam isaitaturum): or, in the original, only four colours, is explained in the Dictionary of
MJAyOsrai'Ct tLS LU&tXXOv % J1j~CeaEtW. Antiquities, s. v. Colores, p. 320, b. 2d ed.
2. An artist in gold (aurifex) in the household
The reproof addressed by Apelles to Megabyzus, of Augustus, whose freedman he was, as we learn
or, as others say, to Alexander, is ascribed by from an inscription on the columbarium of Livia.
Aelian (V. H. ii. 2) to Zeuxis. (See APELLES, (Gori,Nos.114-122; Bianchini, No.43; Welcker,
p. 221, a.) Kunslblsatt, 1827, No. 84; R. Rochette, Lettre a
It is unnecessary to multiply references to pas- M. Schorn, p. 430).
sages of the ancient writers in praise of Zeuxis. Respecting a supposed statuary Zeuxis, whose
The remarkable fact that his name is not mentioned name arises from a false reading of Pliny, see
by Pausanias, is explained by the supposition, SILANION and ZETJXIADES. [P. S.]
which is almost undoubtedly true, that his pictures ZIBOETES or ZIPOETES (ZlGoi -qs or Zeroswere nlostly upon panels, according to the general Tr's). 1. King of Bithynia, the son of Bas. He
practice of the Greek painters, and therefore that reigned for forty-eight years (B. c. 326-278). He
they had either been destroyed or plundered before carried on successful wars with Lysimachus and
the time of Pausanias. The latter process would Antiochus, the son of Seleucus. (Memnon, ap.
of course be carried on by the Roman conquerors Phot. Cod. 224, p. 228, ed. Bekker.) In B. o. 315
of Greece with an eagerness proportioned to the he carried on a war against Astacus and Chalcedon.
celebrity of the artist, and accordingly we find (Diod. xix. 60.) He founded a city which was
several of his best works in the list of Pliny. called Zipoetium after him at the foot of Mount
Cicero also expressly tells us, with reference to the Lyperus. He lived to the age of seventy-six, and
pictures which he painted for the temple of Juno left behind him four children, the eldest of whom,
at Croton, that not even the sanctity of the fane Nicomedes, succeeded him. (Memnon, 1. c.)
had availed for the preservation of any of them, 2. Son of the preceding, who established himexcept the Helen. He does not, however, say self in a part of Bithynia, and against whom Nicodistinctly whether that great work was still at medes carried on war in B. c. 277. It was for the
Croton in his time. Pliny mentions a Helen by purpose of overpowering him that Niconedes called
Zeuxis as being at Rome, in the portico of Philip; in the aid of the Gauls. (Liv. xxxviii. 16; comp.
but he does not identify it with the picture painted Clinton, Fasti Hellen. vol. iii. p. 411.)
for the Crotoniats, the subject of which indeed he The name Tiboetes [TIBOETES] is by some cordoes not mention: it is not improbable however rected to Ziboetes. [C. P. M.]
that they were the same. The picture of Helen ZIGABE'NUS, EUTHY'MIUS. [EuTaYat Athens, in the portico called'AArTwv 0, od MoIUS.]
was of course not the same; but it may have been ZMILUS. [SMILIS.]
a copy of it. (Eustath. ad In. xi. 629, p. 836. 37). ZOE (Zwo), the name of several empresses of
I-low the Athenians were robbed by Sulla of his Constantinople, of whom the following were the
Cenltaur, and how that picture perished, has been most important:VOL. lL. 4 Q