A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1178 TRYPHON. TRYPHON.
of Athene, Venus, assuming the form of an old 3. See DIODORUS TRYPHON, Vol. I. p. 10 17, b.
Trojan woman, discloses to Helen the trick of the 4. Tryphon the Jew, whose name appears in
Greeks, and informs her that Menelaus is among Justin's well-known dialogue, hardly falls within
the heroes inside. Intending to bring about their the limits of this work. All the particulars redetection, she goes to the temple, and within the specting him which are necessary for understanding
hearing of the warriors talks of their wives in Jerome, and they are very few, will be found in
Greece. Stifled sighs and tears escape from the the dialogue itself. (See also Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
heroes. Anticlus is on the point of betraying the vol. vii. p. 62.) [P. S.]
whole scheme by speaking aloud, but Ulysses claps TRYPHON (Tp6Spwv), artists. 1. An eminent
his hands over his mouth, and holds them so tight engraver of precious stones, whose beryl, engraved
that he smothers him. Athene appears and sends with a figure of the sea-nymph Galene, is menHI-elen home agliin. This scene is the only part of tioned in an epigram by Addaeus (No. 6, Brunck,
the poem which has much merit. A somewhat Anzal. vol. ii. p. 242), who appears to have lived in
lengthy, though otherwise tolerably good description the time of Alexander the Great and his successors.
of the scenes which ensued upon the sack and There is a very celebrated gem by him in the coldestruction of the city, is followed by a meagre ]lection of the Duke of Marlborough, representing
notice of some of the chief special incidents. the reconciliation of Eros and Psyche (Bracci, ii.
The poem of Tryphiodorus was first published 114), of which there are several copies; one of
in connection with those of Quintus Smyrnaeus the best of these is in the Museum at Naples (Visand Coluthus. A separate edition, accompanied conti, Op. Var. vol. ii. p. 192, No. 114). There is
by a Latin translation in verse, was published by also a carnelian, engraved with a figure of Eros
F. Jamot (Paris, 1557). Frischlin and Rhodomann riding on a lion, bearing the inscription TPT$bnN,
published a critical edition with Latin versions in in the Museum of the Hague (De Jonge, Notice, p.
prose and metre. (Frankfurt, 1588.) An improved 148, No. 16); and another gem, mentioned by
edition of Triphiodorus was published by J. Merrick Raspe (Catal. de Tassie, No. 15454), with the in(Oxford, 1741), in which several omissions were scription TPT4bQN EIIO1EI. His name also occurs
supplied from fresh MSS. Merrick also published on another gem, in the Museum of the Hague (De
an English translation and a treatise on Tryphio- Jonge, p. 151, No. 12; Caylus, Recsleil, v. pl. liii.
dorus (Oxford, 1739). The edition of Bandini, No. 5, p. 148); but in this case the inscription is
(Florence 1765) contained a collection of the certainly a modern forgery. (R. Rochette, Lettre
various readings of two new MSS. He did little a M. Schorn, pp. 157, 158.)
for the text however. His critical apparatus was 2. An architect, of Alexandria, who flourished
applied to that object by Thomas Northmore in his in the time of Demetrius Poliorcetes, and distinedition of the poet (Cambridge 1791, London, guished himself in the defence of Apollonia, by the
1804). A splendid folio edition was printed by invention of an ingenious plan of countermining.
Bodoni at Parma in 1796. An equally imposing (Vitruv. x. 22. s. 16. ~ 10, Schneider.) [P. S.]
edition, and one more correct, was published by TRYPHON (Tpp;c.ev). 1. A surgeon, who
Tauchnitz (Leipzig 1808) under the superintend- lived at Rome shortly before the time of Celsus,
ence of G. H. Schaefer. A critical edition with that is, probably in the first century B. C. (Cels.
the notes of Merrick, Schaefer, and others, and De JIed. vi. 5, vii. 1. pp. 117, 137.) As Celsus
some of his own, was published by F. A. Wernicke calls him "Tryphon pater," there would seem to
(Leipzig 1819). Besides the Latin and English have been another medical man of the same name,
translations, there is one in German by B. Thiersch. who lived somewhat later. This is perhaps also
(Suidas, s. v.; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. p. 526; implied by Galen when he speaks of TpvFSpw 6
Schill, Gesch. der Griechischen Litteratur, vol. iii. apxalos (De Cosmpos. Medicam. sec. Loc. vii. 3.
p. 73, &c.) [C. P. M.] vol. xii. p. 843), who may perhaps be the same
TRYPHON (Tp6ewv), literary. 1. Of Alex- person as the " Tryphonpater" of Celsus, and who
andria, the son of Ammonius, a grammarian and is certainly the surgeon quoted by Scribonius
poet, lived before and during the reign of Augustus Largus (De Compos Medicame. c. 69. ~ 201. p. 227.
(Suid. s. v.). A long list of his works, in almost Cf. Gal. De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. iv. 13. vol.
every department of grammar, is given by Suidas, and xiii. p. 745) and apparently his tutor (ibid. c. xliv.
an account of several of them, which exist in MS., ~ 175. p. 222), and perhaps also the physician
will be found in Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. mentioned by Caelius Aurelianus (De Morb. Ci/sron.
351, comp. pp. 165, 192, 319, 321, 381, and vol. i. 4. p. 323). Tryphon, the native of Gortyna in
i. p. 526). Crete, who is quoted by Galen (De Compos. Medi2. The son of Hermes, the author of an epigram cam. sec. Loc. ix. 2. vol. xiii. pp. 246, 253) is also
in the Greek Anthology, on the sudden death of perhaps the same person; but the writer oil gymthe harp-player Terpes, who was killed in the nastics, mentioned by Galen (Ad T/krasyb. de MAedic.
Scias of Sparta, by having a fig thrown into his et Gymznast. c. 47. vol. v. p. 898) probably lived
open mouth. There is a passage of Suidas (s. v. earlier.
rxvcV iEAL Kal a7rvlSciiro), which makes it all but 2. The physician introduced by Plutarch as one
certain that the Terpes of the epigram is no other of the speakers in his Symnposiaca (iii. 1. ~ 2, 3;
than the celebrated Terpander, and that the epi- 2. ~ 1, 2), if he was a real personage, lived in the
gram refers to a traditional account of his death, in first century after Christ. [ W. A. G.]
which, as in similar stories of the end of other TRYPHON, DIO'DOTUS (Aloso-ros o Tpdpoets, even the manner of his decease was made owv), a. usurper of the throne of Syria during the
symbolical of the sweetness of his compositions. reign of Demetrius II. Nicator. After the death
Respecting Tryphon himself we have no further of Alexander Balas in B. c. 146, Tryphon first
information. (Brunck, Anal. vol. ii. p. 451; set up Antiochus, the infant son of Balas, as a
Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. iii. p. 157, vol. x. p. 296, pretender against Demetrius; but in B. c. 142 he
vol. xiii. p. 963.) murdered Antiochus and reigned as king himself.