A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1164 TORQUATUS. TORQUATUS.
nus, accepted his challenge, slew his adversary, and Liv. Epit. 20; Oros. iv. 13.) This Torquattas
bore the bloody spoils in triumph to his father. possessed the hereditary sternness and severity of
Death was his reward. The consul would not his family (priscae ae nimis durae severitatis,
overlook this breach of discipline: and the un- Liv. xxii. 60). We accordingly find him resohappy youth was executed by the lictor in pre- lutely opposing in the senate the ransom of those
sence of the assembled army. This severe sentence Romans who had been taken prisoners at the fatal
rendered Torquatus an object of detestation among battle of Cannae (B. c. 216). In the following
the Roman youths as long as he lived; and the year (B. c. 217) he was sent into Sardinia in conrecollection of his severity was preserved in after sequence of the illness of the praetor Q. Mucius,
ages by the expression Manliana iinperia. Two who had the government of the province; and
writers relate that the young Manlius was exe- while in the island he carried on the war with
cuted by his father's orders in a war with the success against the Carthaginians and the SardiGauls (Sall. Cat. 52; Dionys. viii. 79); but as nians, who had revolted at the instigation of the
we do not read of Torquatus having the com- former people. In B. c. 212 he was a candidate
mand in any war against the Gauls, it is probable for the dignity of pontifex maximus, but was dethat he is confounded by these writers with feated by P. Licinius Crassus, who was greatly
No. 6, as Zonaras has done, who says (ix. 8), that his junior, and was then suing for the curule
No. 6 caused his son to be executed. Torquatus aedileship. The people wished to choose Toris not mentioned again by Livy; but according to quatus consul for the year 210, but he refused to
the Fasti he was dictator for the third time in accept the honour. Two years afterwards (B. c.
B. c. 320. (Liv. vii. 4, 5, 10, 19, 26-28, viii. 3- 208) he was appointed dictator for the purpose of
12; Cic. de Off. iii. 31, de Fin. i. 7, ii. 19, 22, holding the comitia and presiding at the games
Tusc. iv. 22; Val. Max. vi. 9. ~ 1, i. 7. ~ 3, ii. 7. which had been vowed by the praetor M. Aenli~ 6; Gell. i. 13; Dion Cass. Fragm. 34, p. 16, lius. (Liv. xxii. 60, xxiii. 34, 40, 41, xxv. 5,
Reim.; Aurel Vict. de Vir. Ill. 28.) xxvi. 22, xxvii. 33.) He died in B. c. 202. (Liv.
2. T. MANLIUS TORQUATUS, the son of the xxx. 39.)
preceding, was slain by his father's order, as is 7. A. MANLIus TORQUATUS, known only from
related above. the Fasti Capitolini as the son of No. 6 and the
3. T. MANLIUS TORQUATUS, probably a son of father of No. 8.
No. 2, was consul B. c. 299 with M. Fulvius 8. T. MANLIUS A. F. T. N. TORQUATUS, the
Paetinus. He was appointed to conduct the war son of No. 7, was consul B. C. 165 with Cu. Octaagainst the Etruscans; but he had scarcely entered vius. He inherited the severity of his ancestors;
Etruria, when he was thrown from his horse, and of which an instance is related in the condemnation
died in consequence on the third day after. (Liv. x. of his son, who had been adopted by D. Junins
9, 11.) Silanus, the particulars of which are related else4. L. MANLIUS TORQUATUS, probably a brother where. [SrLANS,s, No. 3.] He appears to be the
of No. 3, legatus of the propraetor Scipio in the same person as the T. Manlius Torquatus, who
great campaign of B. C. 295. (Liv. x. 26.) was elected pontiff ill B. C. 170, and who was sent
5. A. MANLIus T. F. T. N. TORQUATUS AT- on an embassy to Egypt about B. c. 164 to mediate
TICUS, son of No. 3, was censor B. c. 247 with between the two Ptolemies, Philometor and EuerA. Atilius Calatinus, consul for the first time in getes. On his return Torquatus spoke in the
244 with C. Sempronius Blaesus, and for the senate in favour of the younger brother, Euergetes.
second time in 241 with Q. Lutatius Cerco. In (Liv. xliii. 11; Polyb. xxxi. 18, xxxii. 1.)
his second consulship Torquatus defeated the Fa- 9. A. MANLIUS A. F. T. N. TORQUATUS, son
lisci, who had taken up arms and obtained a tri- of No. 7 and brother of No. 8, was praetor B. c.
umph in consequence. (Fasti Capit.; Eutrop. ii. 167, when he obtained Sardinia, but was unable to
28; Oros. iv. 11; comp. Liv. Ep. 19; Polyb. i. go into his province, as he was retained by the
65.) Pliny (H. N. vii. 53. s. 54) speaks of the senate to investigate some capital offences. IIe
sudden death of a consular A. Manlius Torquatus, was consul in B. c. 164 with Q. Cassius Longinus
who may have been either the subject of this notice (Liv. xlv. 16; Fasti Capit.). Respecting his
or No. 9. death, see No. 5.
6. T. MANLIUS T. F. T. N. TORQUATUS, son of 10. A. MANLIUS TORQUATUS, was propraetor
No. 3 and brother of No. 5, was consul for the of Africa, perhaps about B. c. 70, where Plancius,
first time in B.-C. 235 with C. Atilius Bulbus, in whom Cicero defended at a later period, served
which year he conquered the Sardinians, and ob- under him. (Cic. pro Planc. 11.)
tained in consequence a triumph. His first consul- 11. A. MANLIUS TORQUATUS, probably soil of
ship was memorable from the circumstance that the No. 1 0, was praetor in B. c. 52, when he presided
temple of Janus was closed in this year, in conse- at the trial of Milo for bribery. On the breaking
quence of the Romans enjoying universal peace, out of the civil war he espoused the side of Ponlwhich is said not to have occurred before since the pey, and after the defeat of the latter retired to
reign of Numa Pompilius. (Eutrop. iii. 3; Liv. Athens, where he was living in exile in B. c. 4 5.
xxiii. 34; Vell. Pat. ii. 38; Oros. iv. 12; Liv. i. He was an intimate friend of Cicero, who addressed
19; Plut. Numn. 20.) In B. c. 231 Torquatus was four letters to him (ad Fans. vi. 1-4) while he
elected censor with Q. Fulvius Flaccus, but was was in exile. (Ascon. in Cic. Mil. pp. 40, 54, ed.
obliged to resign through some unfavourable symp- Orelli; Cic. ad Alt. v. 1, 4, 21, vi. 1, vii. 14, ix. 8,
tom in the auspices. (Fasti Capit.) In B. C. 224 de Fin. ii. 22.)
he was consul a second time with Q. Fulvius 12. T. MANLIUS T. F. TORQUATUS, the first
Flaccus, and along with his colleagues carried on cousin (frater patruelis) and father-in-law of No.
the war with success against the Gauls in the north 10, bore witness on behalf of Plancius in B. C. 54.
of Italy. These consuls were the first Roman IHe is spoken of by Cicero as an orator who came
generals who crossed the Po. (Polyb. ii. 31; from Molo's school. (Cice pro Plans. 11, Brut. 70.)