A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

MARC ELLUS. MARCELLUS. 931
manity. According to Livy's own account, he Paetus: they rendered their magistracy consplalienated the minds of the Sicilians by his cruel cuous by the quantity of corn that they imported
executions at Leontini; and he approved of, though at a cheap rate from Africa, as well as by the
he did not order, the barbarous massacre at Enna. magnificence with which they celebrated the RoThe feelings with which he inspired the whole of man games. (Liv. xxxi. 50.) In B. C. 198 he
the Sicilian Greeks may be gathered from their was elected one of the praetors, and obtained Sicily
expression reported by Livy, that it would be as his province, with a force of 4000 foot and 300
better for the island to be sunk in the sea, or horse, but his services were confined to the sendoverwhelmed by the flames of Aetna, than to be ing supplies to the Roman armies in Greece. (Id.
placed once more at the mercy of Marcellus. (Liv. xxxii. 8, 27.) After the customary interval of two
xxvi. 29; comp. Appian, Sic. 4, 5.) It is admitted years he obtained the consulship, with L. Furius
even by Plutarch (his most unqualified panegyrist) Purpureo, B. c. 196. (Id. xxxiii. 24; Fast. Capit.)
that he was illiterate and imperfectly educated; His great object was to obtain the renewal or conand his character may be summed up as that of a tinuation of the Macedonian war, to which an end
rude, stern soldier, brave and daring to excess, but had just been put by Flamininus; but this was
harsh and unyielding, and wanting alike the more frustrated by the people, who ratified the peace
graceful qualities which adorned the character of which the latter had concluded with Philip; and
Scipio and the prudence necessary to constitute a Marcellus was compelled to content himself with
truly great general. the conduct of the war in Cisalpine Gaul. Here
The head on the obverse of the annexed coin he at first met with a defeat from the Boians, but
(struck by P. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus) is this was soon compensated by a brilliant victory
unquestionably that of the conqueror of Syracuse: over the Insubrians, and the conquest of the imthe reverse represents him carrying the spolia. portant town of Comum. Besides this, in conjuncopima to the temple of Jupiter Feretrius. tion with his colleague, Purpureo, he obtained
some advantages over the Boians and Ligurians:
and on his return to Rome was, by unanimous consent, honoured with a triumph. (Liv. xxxiii. 25,
36, 37; Polyb. xviii. 25.) In the same year he
Ad An- 1 6 lwas appointed pontifex, in the room of C. Sempronius Tuditanus. (Liv. xxxiii. 42.) In B. C. 193
he again served in Cisalpine Gaul as one of the
lieutenants of the consul L. Cornelius Merula, and
took part in the great victory he obtained over the
COIN OI' MARCELLUS. Boians. (Id. xxxv. 5, 8.) In B. C. 189 he obtained the censorship in conjunction with T. Fla-.
5. M. CLAUDIUS M. F. M. N, MARCELLUS, son mininus, an honour which was enhanced in this
of the preceding, was remarkable as a youth for his instance by the number of distinguished competitors
personal beauty, as well as for his modest and over whom they obtained the preference. Their
engaging demeanour. The insult offered him by census was marked by the first admission of the
Scantilius, and the punishment inflicted on the people of Formiae, Fundi, and Arpinum, to the full
latter by the elder Marcellus, have been already ad- rights of Roman citizens. (Liv. xxxvii. 58, xxxviii.
verted to (p. 297, b). In B. C. 208 he accompanied 28, 36.) From this time we hear no more of him
his father as military tribune, and was one of till his death, in B.C. 177. (Id. xli. 13.)
those present with him at the time of his death. 6. M. CLAUDIUS M. F. M. N. MARCELLUS,
He was himself badly wounded in, the skirmish in probably a brother of the preceding, though bearing
which the elder Marcellus fell, notwithstanding the same praenomen, was consul in B. C. 183, with
which, we find him shortly after entrusted. by the Q. Fabius Labeo. (Liv. xxxix. 44; Fast. Capit.)
consul Crispinus with the charge of conducting the It seems probable that he is the same person who
troops of- his father's army into safe quarters at is mentioned (Liv. xxxix. 23) as one of the praetors.
Venusia. (Liv. xxvii. 27, 29; Polyb. x. 32; Plut.' two years before (B. C. 185), though his name is
Marc. 28 —30.) On his return to Rome, he there written in many of the editions and MSS. of
received from Hannibal the ashes of his father, Livy Marcellinus. Liguria was assigned to both
over which he pronounced ~his funeral oration, a the consuls as their province; but the arms of Marcomposition which Caelius Antipater already re- cellus were in fact directed against a body of Gauls
garded as unworthy of credit in an historical point who had lately crossed the Alps, and settled themof view (Liv, xxvii. 27), though it may well be selves in the territory of Aquileia. They, however,
suspected to be the source from whence have submitted on the approach of the- consul, were disemanated many of the misrepresentations and ex- armed, and compelled to return across the mounaggerations which have disfigured the history of tains. After this he carried his arms into lstria,
the elder Marcellus. but apparently effected:little, and was soon obliged
In B. C. 205 he dedicated the temple of Virtus, to return to Rome to hold the comitia. (Liv.
near the Porta Capena, which had been vowed by xxxix. 45, 54-56.) He held the sacerdotal office
his father, but was still unfinished at the time of of decemvir sacrorum, and died in B. C. 169. (Liv.
his death (Liv. xxix. 11); and the following year xliv. 18.)
(204) he held the office of tribune of the people. 7. M. CLAUDIUS MARCELLUS, praetor in B. C.
In this capacity he was one of those appointed to 188, in which office he ordered two Romans of
accompany the praetor, M. Pomponius Matho, to noble birth, who had been guilty of an outrage
inquire into the charge of sacrilege brought by the towards the Carthaginian ambassadors, to be given
Locrians against Scipio, as well as his lieutenant, up to that people. (Liv. xxxviii. 35, 42.) Some
Pleminius. (Liv. xxix. 20.) Four years later writers consider that it is this Marcellus, and not
(B. C. 200) he was curule aedile with Sex. Aelius the praetor of 185, who became consul in 183.
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