A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CYNAEGEIRUS.
the MSS. of the Anthology, KahhvALov, KvAXlviov,
KvAAhlviov, KvXhviYov le'rtivov. (Jacobs, Anth.
Grace. vol. xiii. p. 878.) [P. S.]
CYLON (KdAwnv), an Athenian of noble family
and commanding presence, won the prize for the
double course (6iavAos) at the Olympic games, in
B. c. 640, and married the daughter of Theagenes,
tyrant of Megara. Excited apparently and encouraged by these advantages, and especially by
his powerful alliance, he conceived the design of
making himself tyrant of Athens, and having consulted the Delphic oracle on the subject, was
enjoined to seize the Acropolis at the principal
festival of Zeus. Imagining that this must refer,
not to the Athenian ALdoea (see Diet. of Ant. p.
333), but to the Olympic games, at which he had
so distinguished himself, he made the attempt
during the celebration of the latter, and gained
possession of the citadel with his partizans, who
were very numerous. Here, however, they were
closely besieged, the operations against them
being conducted, according to Thucydides, by the
nine archons; according to Herodotus, by the
Prytanes of the Naucrari. (See Diet. ofAAnt. p.
633; Arnold's Tlicyidides, vol. i. Append. iii. p.
664.) At length, pressed by famine, they were
driven to take refuge at the altar of Athena, whence
they were induced to withdraw by the archon
Megacles, the Alcmaeonid, on a promise that their
lives should be spared. But their enemies put
them to death as soon as they had them in their
power, some of them being murdered even at the
altar of the Eumenides. Plutarch relates besides
that the suppliants, by way of keeping themselves
under the protection of Athena, fastened a line to
her statue and held it as they passed from her
shrine. When they had reached the temple of
the Eumenides the line broke, and Megacles and
his colleagues seized on the accident as a proof
that the goddess had rejected their supplication,
and that they might therefore be massacred in full
accordance with religion. Thucydides and the
Scholiast on Aristophanes (Eq. 443) tell us, that
Cylon himself escaped with his brother before the
surrender of his adherents. According to Suidas,
he was dragged from the altar of the Eumenides,
where he had taken refuge, and was murdered.
Herodotus also implies that he was slain with the
rest. His party is said by Plutarch to have recovered their strength after his death, and to have
continued the struggle with the Alcmaeonidae up
to the time of Solon. The date of Cylon's attempt
is uncertain. Corsini gives, as a conjecture, B. c.
612; while Clinton, also conjecturally, assigns it
to 620. (Herod. v. 71; Thucyd. i. 126; Suid. s.v.
Kv\d(vEiov dyos; Plut. Sol. 12; Paus. i. 28, 40,
vii. 25.) [E. E.]
CYNA. [CYNANE.]
CYNAEGEI'RUS (Kvvaleyspos), son of Euphorion and brother of the poet Aeschylus, distinguished himself by his valour at the battle of
Marathon, B. c. 490. According to Herodotus,
when the Persians had fled and were endeavouring to escape by sea, Cynaegeirus seized one of
their ships to keep it back, but fell with his right
hand cut off. The story lost nothing by transmission. The next version related that Cynaegeirus,
on the loss of his right hand, grasped the enemy's
vessel with his left; and at length we arrive at
the acme of the ludicrous in the account of Justin.
Here the hero, having successively lost both his

CYNOSURA.

911

hands, hangs on by his teeth, and even in his mu.tilated state fights desperately with the last mentioned weapons, "like a rabid wild beast!"
(Herod. vi. 114; Suid. s. v. Kvvaiyseipos; Just. ii.
9; Val. Max. iii. 2. ~ 22; comp. Sueton. Jul.
68.) [E. E.]
CYNAETHUS. [CINAETHUS.]
C.YNA'NE, CYNA, or CYNNA (Kvva'Py,
Kv'va, Kvvva), was half-sister to Alexander the
Great, and daughter of Philip by Audata, an
Illyrian woman. Her father gave her in marriage
to her cousin Amyntas, by whose death she was
left a widow in B. c. 336. [AMYNTAS, No. 3.]
In the following year Alexander promised her
hand, as a reward for his services, to Langarus,
king of the Agrianians, but the intended bridegroom was carried off by sickness. Cynane continued unmarried, and employed herself in the
education of her daughter, Adea or Eurydice,
whom she is said to have trained, after the manner
of her own education, to martial exercises. When
Arrhidaeus was chosen king, B. c. 323, Cynane
determined to marry Eurydice to him, and crossed
over to Asia accordingly. Her influence was probably great, and her project alarmed Perdiccas
and Antipater, the former of whom sent her brother
Alcetas to meet her on her way and put her to
death. Alcetas did so in defiance of the feelings
of his troops, and Cynane met her doom with an
undaunted spirit. In B. c. 317, Cassander, after
defeating Olympias, buried Cynane with Eurydice
and Arrhidaeus at Aegae, tile royal burying-place.
(Arr. Anab. i. 5, ap. Phot. p. 70, ed. Bekk.; Satyr.
op. A then. xiii p. 557, c.; Diod. xix. 52; Polyaen.
viii. 60; Perizon. ad Ael. V. H. xiii. 36.) [E. E.]
CYNISCA (Kvvio-Ka), daughter of Archidamus
IT. king of Sparta, so named after her grandfather
Zeuxidamus, who was also called Cyniscus. (Herod.
vi. 71.) She was the first woman who kept horses
for the games, and the first who gained an Olympian victory. (Paus. iii. 8. ~ 1.) Pausanias mentions an epigram by an unknown author in her
honour, which is perhaps the same as the inscription he speaks of (vi. 1. ~ 2) in his account of her
monument at Olympia. This was a group of
sculpture representing Cynisca with a chariot,
charioteer, and horses,-the work of Apellas.
[APELLAS.] There were also figures of her horses
in brass in the temple of Olympian Zeus (Paus.
v. 12. ~ 3), and at Sparta she had near the gymnasium, called the Platanistas, an heroum. (iii.
15. ~ 1.) [A. H. C.]
CYNO. [CvRus.]
CYNOBELLINUS, one of the kings of Britain
in the reign of Claudius, the capital of whose
kingdom was Camalodunum. (Colchester or Maldon.) He was the father of Caractacus, Togodumnus, and Adminius. (Dion Cass. lx. 20, 21;
Suet. Cal. 44; Oros. vii. 5.)
CYNORTES or CYNORTAS (Kvv6prT7s), a
son of Amyclas by Diomede, and brother of Hyacinthus. After the death of his brother Argalus,
he became king of Sparta and father of Oebalus or
of Perieres. His tomb was shewn at Sparta not
far from the Scias. (Paus. iii. 1. ~ 3, 13. ~ 1;
Apollod. iii. 10. ~ 3; Schol. ad Etzrip. Orest.
447.) [L. S.]
CYNOSU'RA (Kvvooovpd), an Idaean nymph
and one of the nurses of Zeus, who placed her
among the stars. (Hygin. Poet. Astr. ii. 2; Arat.
Phaen, 35; Serv. ad Virg. Georg. i. 246.) [L. S.]