A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

74 AGNODICE.
Athenaeus (xii. p. 516) mentions one Agis as
the author of a work on the art of cooking
(d4paprovrTKd). [L. S.]
AGLA'IA ('AyAcia). 1. [CHARITES.]
2. The wife of Charopus and mother of Nireus,
who led a small band from the island of Syme
against Troy. (Hom. II. ii. 671; Diod. v. 53.)
Another Aglaia is mentioned in Apollodorus. (ii.
7. ~ 8.) [L. S.]
AGLAONI'CE. [AGANICE.]
AGLAOPHE'ME. [SIRENES.]
AGLA'OPHON ('AyAaoPeC'v), a painter, born
in the island of Thasos, the father and instructor
of Polygnotus. (Suidas and Photius, s. v. TnoAdyewroS; Anth. Gr. ix. 700.) He had another son
named Aristophon. (Plat. Gorg. p. 448. B.) As
Polygnotus flourished before the 90th 01. (Plin.
H. N. xxxv. 9. s. 35), Aglaophon probably lived
about 01. 70. Quintilian (xii. 10. ~ 3) praises his
paintings, which were distinguished by the simplicity of their colouring, as worthy of admiration
on other grounds besides their antiquity. There
was an Aglaophon who flourished in the 90th 01.
according to Pliny (H. N. xxxv. 9. s. 36), and his
statement is confirmed by a passage of Athenaeus
(xii. p. 543, D.), from which we learn that he
painted two pictures, in one of which Olympias
and Pythias, as the presiding geniuses of the
Olympic and Pythian games, were represented
crowning Alcibiades; in the other Nemea, the presiding deity of the Nemean games, held Alcibiades
on her knees. Alcibiades could not have gained
any victories much before 01. 91. (B. c. 416.) It
is therefore exceedingly likely that this artist was
the son of Aristophon, and grandson of the older
Aglaophon, as among the Greeks the son generally
bore the name not of his father but of his grandfather. Plutarch (Alcib. 16) says, that Aristophon was the author of the picture of Nemea and
Alcibiades. Hie may perhaps have assisted his
son. This Aglaophon was, according to some, the
first who represented Victory with wings. (Schol.
ad Aristoph. Aves, 573.) [C. P. M.]
AGLAOSTHENES. [AGAOSTHENES.]
AGLAUROS. [AGRAULOS.]
AGLA'US ('AyAuos), a poor citizen of Psophis
in Arcadia, whom the Delphic oracle pronounced
to be happier than Gyges, king of Lydia, on account of his contentedness, when the king asked
the oracle, if any man was happier than he. (Val.
Max. vii. 1. ~ 2; Plin. H. N. vii. 47.) Pausanias (viii. 24. ~ 7) places Aglaus in the time of
Croesus.
AGNAPTUS, an architect mentioned by Pausanias (v. 15, ~ 4, vi. 20. ~ 7) as the builder of a
porch in the Altis at Olympia, which was called
by the Eleans the " porch of Agnaptus." When
he lived is uncertain. [C. P. M.]
A'GNIUS C(Ayvios), the father of Tiphys, who
was the pilot of the ship Argo (Apollod. i. 9. ~ 16;
Orph. Argon. 540), whence Tiphys is called
Agniades. [L. S.]
AGNO'DICE ('Ayvoasic-q), the name of the
earliest midwife mentioned among the Greeks.
She was a native of Athens, where it was
forbidden by law for a woman or a slave to
study medicine. According, however, to Hyginus
(Fab. 274), on whose authority alone the whole
story rests, it would appear that Agnodice disguised herself in man's clothes, and so contrived to
attend the lectures of a physician named Hiero

AGON.
philus,-devoting herself chiefly to the study of
midwifery and the diseases of women. Afterwards, when she began practice, being very successful in these branches of the profession, slihe
excited the jealousy of several of the other practitioners, by whom she was summoned before the
Areiopagus, and accused of corrupting the morals
of her patients. Upon her refuting this charge by
making known her sex, she was immediately accused of having violated the existing law, which
second danger she escaped by the wives of the
chief persons in Athens, whom she had attended,
coming forward in her behalf, and succeeding at
last in getting the obnoxious law abolished. No
date whatever is attached to this story, but several
persons have, by calling the tutor of Agnodice by
the name of Heropkilus instead of Hierophilus,
placed it in the third or fourth century before
Christ. But this emendation, though at first sight
very easy and plausible, does not appear altogether
free from objections. For, in the first place, if the
story is to be believed at all upon the authority of
Hyginus, it would seem to belong rather to the
fifth or sixth century before Christ than the third
or fourth; secondly, we have no reason for thinking that Agnodice was ever at Alexandria, or
Herophilus at Athens; and thirdly, it seems
hardly probable that Hyginus would have called
so celebrated a physician " a certain Herophilus."
(Heropjiilsus quidam.). [W. A. G.]
AGNON, a Greek rhetorician, who wrote a
work against rhetoric, which Quintilian (ii. 17.
~ 15) calls " Rhetorices accusatio." Rhunken
(IHist. Crit. Orat. Grace p. xc.) and after him
most modern scholars have considered this Agnon
to be the same man as Agnonides, the contemporary of Phocion, as the latter is in some MSS. of
Corn. Nepos (Phoc. 3) called Agnon. But the
manner in which Agnon is mentioned by Quintilian, shews that he is a rhetorician, who lived at
a much later period. Whether however he is the
same as the academic philosopher mentioned by
Athenaeus (xiii. p. 602), cannot be decided. [L. S.]
AGNO'NIDES ('Ayvwvibms), an Athenian
demagogue and sycophant, a contemporary of
Theophrastus and Phocion. The former was accused by Agnonides of impiety, but was acquitted
by the Areiopagus, and Theophrastus might have
ruined his accuser, had he been less generous. (Diog.
Laert. v. 37.) Agnonides was opposed to the Macedonian party at Athens, and called Phocion a traitor, for which he was exiled, as soon as Alexander,
son of Polysperchon, got possession of Athens.
Afterwards, however, he obtained from Antipater
permission to return to his country through the
mediation of Phocion. (Plut. Phoc. 29.) But
the sycophant soon forgot what he owed to his
benefactor, and not only continued to oppose the
Macedonian party in the most vehement manner,
but even induced the Athenians to sentence Phocion to deathl as a traitor, who had delivered thle
Peiraeeus into the hands of Nicanor. (Plut. Phoc.
33, 35; Corn. Nep. Pheoc. 3.) But the Athenians
soon repented of their conduct towards Phocion,
and put Agnonides to death to appease his manes.
(Plut. Phoc. 38.) [L. S.]
AGON ('Aycv), a personification of solemn
contests (duycs'es). He was represented in a statue
at Olympia with dhXrijpes in his hands. This statue was a work of Dionysius, and dedicated by
Smicythus of Rhegium. (Paus. v; 26. ~ 3.) [L. S.]