A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

882

CRASSUS

It has been conjectured that his praenomen was
Publius, and that he was identical with No. 18.
28. P. LICINIUS CRASSUS, was praetor in B. C.
57, and favoured Cicero's return from exile.
(Cic. post. Redit. in Sen. 9.) Orelli (Onom. Tdll.)
thinks that the name affords evidence of the spuriousness of the speech in which it is found.
29. P. CRASSUS JUNIANUS, one of the gens
Junia, adopted by some LicINIUS CRASSUS.
His name appears on coins. (Spanh. ii. pp. 104,
179; Eckhel. v. pp. 153, 154, 233.) He was
tribune cf the plebs in B. c. 51, and a friend
of Cicero. (Cic. ad Qu. Fr. iii. 8. ~ 3.) In the
civil war he fought for Pompey, and served with
the title legatus propraetore under Metellus Scipio
in Africa, where, after the battle of Thapsus, he
made his escape to the sea. (Plut. Cato Maj. 70, fin.)
30. M. LicINIus CRASSUS MUCIANUS. [MuCIANUS.]
The annexed coin of the Licinia gens is the one
referred to va p. 879, b., and supposed to have been
struck by P. Crassus [No. 20], as it bears the
legend P. (indistinct in the cut) CRASSus M. F.
The obverse represents the head of Venus, and the
reverse a man holding a horse, which is supposed
to refer to the ceremony of the public inspection of
the horses of the equites by the censors. (Diet. of
Ant. s. v. Equites.) [J. T. G.]
CRASSUS, OCTACI'LIUS. 1. M'. OCTACI-.LIUS CRASSUS, was consul in B.C. 263 with M'.
Valerins Maximus, and crossed with a numerous
army over to Sicily. After having induced many
of the Sicilian towns to surrender, the consuls advanced against Hiero of Syracuse. The king, in
compliance with.the desire of his people, concluded
a peace, which the Romans gladly accepted, and
in which he gave up to them the towns they had
taken, delivered up the Roman prisoners, and paid
a contribution of 200 talents. He thus became the
ally of Rome. In B. c. 246 Crassus was consul a
second time with M. Fabius Licinus, and carried
on the war against the Carthaginians, though nothing of any consequence seems to have been accomplished. (Polyb. i. 16 &c.; Zonar. viii. 9;
Eutrop. ii. 10; Oros. iv. 7; Gellius, x. 6.)
2. T. OCTACILIUS CRASSUS, apparently a brother of the former, was consul in B. c. 261, with
L. Valerius Flaccus, and continued the operations
in Sicily against the Carthaginians after the taking
of Agrigentum; but nothing is known to have
been accomplished during his consulship. (Polyb.
i. 20.) [L. S.]
CRASSUS, PAPIRIUS. 1. M'. PAPIRIUS
CRASSUS was consul in B. C. 441 with C. Furius
Pacilus. (Liv. iv. 12; Diod. xii. 35.)
2. L. PAPIRIus CRAssUS was consul in B. c.
436 with M. Cornelius Maluginensis. They led
armies against Veii and Falerii, but as no enemy
appeared in the field, the Romans contented themselves with plundering and ravaging the open country. (Liv. iv. 21; Diod. xii. 41.) Crassus was
censor in B. c. 424.

CRATERITS.
3. C. PAPIRIUS CRLASSUS was consul in B. C.
430 with L. Julius Julus. These consuls discovered, by treacherous means, that the tribunes of
the people intended to bring forward a bill on the
aestimatio multarum, and in order to anticipate the
favour which the tribunes thereby were likely to
gain with the people, the consuls themselves proposed and carried the law. (Liv. iv. 30; Cic. de
Re Publ. ii. 35; Diod. xii. 72.)
4. C. PAPIRIUS CRAssus was consular tribune
in B.C. 384. (Liv. vi. 18.)
5. SP. PAPIRIUS CRASSUS, consular tribune in
B. c. 382. He and L. Papirius Crassus, one of
his colleagues, led an army against Velitrae, and
fought with success against that town and its allies,
the Praenestines. (Liv. vi. 22.)
6. L. PAPIRIUS CRASSUS, consular tribune in
B. c. 382, and again in B. c. 376. (Livy, vi. 22;
Diod. xv. 71.)
7. L. PAPIRIUS CRASSUs, consular tribune in
B. c. 368. (Liv. vi. 38; Diod. xv. 78.)
8. L. PAPIRIUS CRASSUs was made dictator
in B. c. 340 while holding the office of praetor,
in order to conduct the war against the revolted
Latins, since, the consul Manlius was ill at the
time. Crassus marched against Antium, but was
encamped in its neighbourhood for some months
without accomplishing anything. In B. c. 336 he
was made consul with K. Duilius, and carried on
a war against the Ausonians of Cales. In 330 he
was consul a second time, and carried on a war
against the inhabitants of Privernum. They were
commanded by Vitruvius Flaccus who was conquered by the Romans without much difficulty.
In 325 Crassus was magister equitum to the dictator L. Papirius Cursor, and in 318 he was invested with the censorship. (Liv. viii. 12, 16,
29; Diod. xvii. 29, 82; Cic. ad iFam. ix. 21.)
9. M. PAPIRIUS CRAssus, apparently a brother
of the preceding, was appointed dictator in B. c.
332 to conduct the war against the Gauls, who
were then believed to be invading the Roman dominion; but the report proved to be unfounded,
(Liv. viii. 17.)
10. L. PAPIRIUS CRASSUS was magister equitumin to the dictator T. Manlius Torquatus, in B. c.
320. (Fast. Cap.) [L. S.]
CRA'STINUS, one of Caesar's veterans, who
had been the primipilus in the tenth legion in the
year before the battle of Pharsalus, and who served
as a volunteer in the campaign against Pompey.
It was he who commenced the battle of Pharsalus,
m. c. 48, saying that, whether he survived or fell,
Caesar should be indebted to him: he died fighting bravely in the foremost line. (Caes. B. C. iii.
91, 92; Flor. iv. 2. ~ 46; Lucan, vii. 471, &c.;
Appian, B. C. ii. 82; Plunt. Pomp. 71, Caes. 44.)
CRATAEIS (Kparatts), according to several
traditions, the mother of Scylla. (Homrn. Od. xii.
124; Ov. Met. xiii. 749; Hesych. s. v.; Plin. H.
N. iii. 10.) [L. S.]
CRA'TERUS (KparEpdo), one of the most distinguished generals of Alexander the Great, was a
son of Alexander of Orestis, a district in Macedonia, and a brother of Amphoterus. When
Alexander the Great set out on his Asiatic expedition, Craterus commanded the TreETrapoI.
Subsequently we find him commanding a detachment of cavalry, as in the battle of Arbela and in
the Indian campaign; but it seems that he had no
permanent office, and that Alexander employed