A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

804 CLIMACUS. CLOACINA.
with Matricetas of Methymna and Phaeinus of terate description, till he was chosen abbot of the
Athens, and says that Meton was taught by Pha- convent on Mount Sinai, where he died at the age
einus. If, therefore, Callistratus was contemporary of one hundred, or thereabouts, on the 30th of
with the latter, which however is not clear, he March. The year of his death is uncertain, but
must have lived before 01. 87. Pliny (H. N. ii. it was probably in the beginning of the seventh
8) says, that Anaximander discovered the obliquity century. (A. D. 606?) The life of Climacus,
of the ecliptic in 01. 58, and that Cleostratus after- written by a Greek monk of the name of Daniel,
wards introduced the division of the Zodiac into is contained in " Bibliotheca Patrum Maxima," in
signs, beginning with Aries and Sagittarius. It the " Acta Sanctorum," ad 30 diem Martii, in the
seems, therefore, that he lived some time between editions of the works of Climacus, and in " JohanB. c. 548 and 432. Hyginus (Poit. Astr. ii. 13) nis Climaci, Johannis Damasceni, et Johannis
says, that Cleostratus first pointed out the two stars Eleemosynarii Vitae," &c., ed. JohannesVicartius,
in Auriga called Haedi. (Virg. Aen. ix. 668.) On Jesuita, Tournai, 1664, 4to. Two works of Clithe Octaeteris, see Geminus, Elem. Astr. c. 6. macus, who was a fertile writer on religious sub(Petav. Uranolog. p. 37.) jects, have been printed, viz.:-1. " Scala Para(Ideler, Technische Chronologie, vol. i. p. 305; disi" (KAL/Aac), addressed to John, abbot of the
Schaubach, Gesch. d. Gr. Astron. p. 196; Petavius, monastery of Raithu, which is divided into thirty
Doctr. Temp, ii. 2; Fabric. Bibl. Grace. vol. ii. chapters, and treats on the means of attaining the
p. 82.) [W. F. D.] highest possible degree of religions perfection. A
CLEO'XENUS (KAeos6evo), was joint-author Latin translation of this work by Ambrosius, a
with one Democleitus of a somewhat cumbrous Camaldulensian monk, was published at Venice,
system of telegraphing, which Polybius explains 1531, ibid. 1569, Cologne, 1583, ibid. 1593, with
(x. 45-47) with the remark, that it had been con- an exposition of Dionysius, a Carthusian friar;
siderably improved by himself. See Suidas, s. v. ibid. 1601, 8vo. The Greek text, with a Latin
KAes6oeos Kal AlpocAetrou Sypaclav repl 7rvpemvpv, translation and the Scholia of Elias, archbishop of
where repocov was the erroneous reading of the Creta, was published together with the work of
old editions. [E. E.] Climacus cited below, by Matthaeus Raderus,
CLEPSINA, the name of a patrician family of Paris, 1633, fol. It is also contained, together
the Genucia gens. with the previously mentioned Scholia of Elias, in
1. C. GENUCIUS CLEPSINA, consul in B. c. 276 the different Bibliothecae Patrum. In some MSS.
with Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges, in which year this work has the title IAaices HVveaTrLIca, or
Rome was visited by a grievous pestilence (Oros. Spiritual Tables. 2. " Liber ad Pastorem," of
iv. 2), and a second time in 270 with Cn. Cornelius which a Latin translation was published by the
Blasio. (Fasti.) Ambrosius mentioned above, and was reprinted
2. L. GENUCIUS CLEPSINA, probably brother of several times; the Greek text with a Latin verthe preceding, was consul in n.c. 271 with C. Quinc- sion was published, together with the " Scala
tius Claudus. He was sent to subdue the Campanian Paradisi" and the Scholia of the archbishop Elias,
legion, which under Decius Jubellius had revolted by Raderus mentioned above, Paris, 1633, fol.
from the Romans and made itself master of Rhe- Both these works of Climacus were translated into
gium. After a long siege, Clepsina took the town; modern Greek and published by Maximus Marguhe straightway put to death all the loose vagabonds nius, bishop of Cerigo, Venice, 1590. (Fabric.
and robbers whom he found among the soldiers, but Bibl. Grace. ix. p. 522, &c.; Cave, IHist. Lit. vol.
sent the remains of the legion (probably a few i. p. 421, ad an. 564; Hamberger, Zuverliissige
above 300, though the numbers vary in the differ- Nachrichten von gelehrten Minnern, vol. iii. p.
ent authorities) to Rome for trial, where they were 467.) [W. P.]
scourged and beheaded. (Oros. iv. 3; Dionys. xx. CLOACI'NA or CLUACI'NA, a surname of
7 in Mai's Excerpta; Appian, Samn. 9; Polyb. i. Venus, under which she is mentioned at Rome in
7; Liv. Epit. 15; Zonar. viii. 6; Val. Max. ii. 7. very early times. (Liv. iii. 48.) The explanation
~ 15; Frontin. Strateg. iv. 1. ~ 38.) Orosius and given by Lactantius (de Fals. Relig. i. 20), that the
Dionysius are the only writers who mention the name was derived from the great sewer (Cloaca
name of the consul, with the exception of Appian, maxima), where the image of the goddess was said
who calls him by mistake Fabricius; and even the to have been found in the time of king Tatius, is
two former do not entirely agree. Orosius calls the merely one of the unfortunate etymological specuconsul Genucius simply, and places the capture of lations which we frequently meet with in the anRhegium in the year after that of Tarentum, by cients. There is no doubt that Pliny (H. N. xv.
which L. Genucius would seem to be intended; 36) is right in saying that the name is derived
while Dionysius, on the other hand, names him C. from the ancient verb cloare or cluere, to wash,
Genucius, and would thus appear to attribute the clean, or purify. This meaning is also alluded to
capture of the city to the consul of the following in the tradition about the origin and worship of
year (B. c. 270). [No. 1.] Venus Cloacina, for it is said that, when Tatius
CLETA. [CHARIS.] and Romulus were arrayed against each other on
CLI'MACUS, JOANNES ('Iwodvvws 6 KA\la- account of the rape of the Sabine women, and
Kcos), surnamed the Learned (6 s2coAao-rco's), a when the women prevented the two belligerents
Greek writer who lived in the sixth century of the from bloodshed, both armies purified themselves
Christian aera, whose original name was Joannes, with sacred myrtle-branches on the spot which
and who was called Climacus on account of a work was afterwards occupied by the temple of Venus
written by him, which was entitled KAhL'aý. He Cloacina. The supposition of some modern writers,
took oiders, and although the learned education that Cloacina has reference to the purity of love, is
which he had received seemed to have destined nothing but an attempt to intrude a modern notion
him for a life among scholars, he lived during upon the ancients, to whom it was quite foreign.
forty years with monks of the most rude and illi- (Hartung, Die Relig. d. Rom. ii. p. 249.) [L. S.]