A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CETHEGUS. CETHEGUS. 675
used as a burial-place, stands near the Porta Osti- the Insubrians and Cenomanians in Cisalpine Gaul,
ensis, and part of it is within and part without the and triumphed. He was censor in 194; and towalls of Aurelian. From an inscription upon it wards the close of the next year, after holding the
we are told, that it was erected, in accordance lustrum, he went as joint commissioner with Scipio
with a testamentary provision, for C. Cestius, the Africanus and Minucius Rufus to mediate between
son of Lucius, who had been Epulo, Praetor, Tri- Masinissa and Carthage. (Liv. xxxi. 49, 50,
bune of the plebs, and one of the seven Epulones; xxxii. 7, 27-30, xxxiii. 23, xxxiv. 44, 62.)
and from another inscription on it, in which the 3. P. CORNELIUS L. F. P. N. CETHEGUS, curule
names of M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus and M. aedile in B. c. 187, praetor in 185, and consul in
Agrippa occur, we learn, that it was built in the 181. The grave of Numa was discovered in his
reign of Augustus. Whether this C. Cestius is to consulship. He triumphed with his colleague
be identified with one of the persons of this name Baebius Tamphilus over the Ligurians, though no
mentioned by Cicero [see above, No. 1], as some battle had been fought,-an honour that had not
modern writers have supposed, cannot be deter- been granted to any one before. In 173 he was
mined, one of the ten commissioners for dividing the LiThe name of L. Cestius occurs on two coins, gurian and Gallic lands. (Liv. xxxix. 7, 23, xl. 18;
together with that of C. Norbanus; but who these Val. Max. i. 1. ~ 12; Plin. H. N. xiii. 13. s. 27;
two persons were is quite uncertain. A specimen Plut. Num. 22; Liv. xl. 38, xlii. 4.)
of one of these coins is given below: the obverse 4. P. CORNELIUS CETHEGUS, praetor in 184
represents a female head covered with an elephant's B. c. (Liv. xxxix. 32, 38, 39.)
skin, the reverse a sella curulis with a helmet on 5. M. CORNELIUS C. F. C. N. CETHEGUS, was
the top of it. (Eckhel, v. p. 169.) sent in B. c. 171 as one of a commission into Cisalpine Gaul, to inquire why the consul C. Cassius
coP occ o^ Longinus had left his province. In 169 he was
-r^ ^ / b i^ triumvir coloniae deducendae, in order to plant an
\ - additional body of citizens at Aquileia. As consul
I in 160 he drained a part of the Pontine Marshes.
(Liv. xliii. 1, 17, Epit. 46.)
SC) E Co0 6. L. CORNELIUS CETHEGUS, one of the chief
"" '5*1 o supporters of a bill brought in (B. c. 149) by L.
Scribonius Libo, tribune of the plebs, to impeach
L. CE'STIUS PIUS, a native of Smyrna, taught Serv. Sulpicius Galba for breach of his word, in
rhetoric at Rome a few years before the commence- putting some of the Lusitanians to death, and
ment of the Christian era. He was chiefly cele- selling others as slaves. (Liv. Epit. 49; Cic. de
brated on account of the declamations which he Orat. i. 52, Brut. 23, ad Att. xii. 5.)
was wont to deliver in places of public resort in 7. P. CORNELIUS CETHEGUS, a friend of Marius,
reply to the orations of Cicero; but neither Seneca who being proscribed by Sulla (B. c. 88) fled with
nor Quintilian speaks of him with any respect. No the younger Marius into Numidia, but returned
fragment of his works has been preserved. (Hiero- next year to Rome with the heads of his party.
nym. ap. Chron. Euseb. ad 01. cxci.; Senec. Con- In 83, however, he went over to Sulla, and was
trov. iii. praef., Suasor. vii.; Quintil. x. 5. ~ 20; pardoned. (Appian, B. C. i. 60 62, 80.) NotMeyer, Orator. Roman. Fragm.) [W. R.] withstanding his notorious bad life, and utter want
CETHE'GUS, the name of a patrician family of faith, he retained great power and influence
of the Cornelia gens. The family was of old date. even after Sulla's death; and it was he who joined
They seem to have kept up an old fashion of wear- the consul M. Cotta in procuring the unlimited
ing their arms bare, to which Horace alludes in command of the Mediterranean for a man like
the words cinctuti Cethlegi (Ars Po't. 50); and himself, M. Antonius Creticus [ANTONIUS, No.
Lucan (ii. 543) describes the associate of Catiline 9]; nor did Lucullus disdain to sue Cethegus'
[see No. 8] thus, exsertique maznus vesana Cethegi. concubine to use her interest in his favour, when
1. M. CORNELIUS M. F. M. N. CETHEGUS, was he was seeking to obtain the command against
curule aedile in B. c. 213, and pontifex maximus Mithridates. (Cic. Parad. v. 3; Plut. Lucull. 5,
in the same year upon the death of L. Lentulus; 6; comp. Cic. pro Cluent. 31.)
praetor in 211 when he had the charge of Apulia; 8. C. CORNELIUS CETHEGUS, one of Catiline's
censor in 209 with P. Sempronius Tuditanus; and crew. His profligate character shewed itself in
consul with the same colleague in 204. In the early youth (Cic. pro Sull. 25); the heavy debts
next year he commanded as proconsul in Cisalpine he had contracted made him ready for any desGaul, where with the praetor Quintilius Varus he perate political attempt; and before he was old
defeated Mago, the brother of Hannibal, and cor- enough to be aedile, he had leagued himself with
pelled him to quit Italy. He died in B. c. 196 Catiline. (B. c. 63.) When his chief left Rome,
(Liv. xxv. 2, 41, xxvii. 11, xxix. 11, xxx. 18.) after Cicero's first speech, Cethegus staid behind
His eloquence was rated very high, so that Ennius under the orders of Lentulus. His charge was to
gave him the name of Suadae medulla (ap. Cic. murder the leading senators. But the tardiness of
Cat. Maj. 14; comp. Brut. 15), and Horace twice Lentulus prevented anything being done. Cethegus
refers to him as an ancient authority for the usage was arrested and condemned to death with the
of Latin words. (Lpist. ii. 2. 116, Ars Poet. 50, other conspirators, the evidence against him being
and Schol. ad loc.) the swords and daggers which he had collected in
2. C. CORNELIUS L. F. M. N. CETHEGUS, comr- his house, and the letter under his hand and seal
manded in Spain as proconsul in B. c. 200, before which he had given to the Allobrogian ambashe had been aedile. Elected aedile in his absence sadors. Cethegus was a bold, rash, enterprising
he exhibited the games with great magnificence. man (emamns vesana Cethegi, Lucan, ii. 543; comp.
(B. c. 199.) As consul (B. c. 197), he defeated Cic. in Cat. iv. 6); and if the chief part, after
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