A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

610 CARAUSIUS. CARBO.
AVGGG., or, in some cases, LAETITIA. AVGGG., or iv. 6-8, 12, v. 4, 11, vi. 5, 8, vii. 9, viii. 25;
HILARITAS. AVGGG. On a second coin we find a Genebrier, I'Histoire de Carausius prouvee par les
laurelled head with IMP. c. CARAVSIVS. P. F. AVG., MeIdailles, Paris, 4to. 1740; Stukely, M1edallia
and on the reverse Jovi. ET. HERCVLI. CONS. AVG., History of Carausius, London, 4to. 1757-59, full
indicating Jovius Diocletianus and Herculius Maxi- of the most extravagant conjectures and invenminianus, and to a third we are indebted for the tions.) [W. R.]
name M. AURELIUS VALERIUS, an appellation
probably borrowed from his recently adopted
brother. These transactions took place about A. D.
287, and for six years the third Augustus maintained his authority without dispute; but upon the Ti
elevation of Constantius the efforts of the new f i & i4
Caesar were at once directed to the recovery of \.
Britain. Boulogne fell after a protracted siege, ] '-g0
and Constantius was making active and extensive
preparations for a descent upon the opposite coast,
when Carausius was murdered by his chief officer, COIN OF CARAUSIUS.
Allectus. This happened in 293. Such are the
only facts known to us with regard to this remark- CARAVA'NTIUS, the brother of Gentius,
able man. Of his private character and domestic king of the Illyrians, against whom the praetor L.
policy we are unable to speak, for the abusive Anicius Gallus was sent in B. c. 168. Caravanepithets applied to him so liberally by the panegy- tius fell into the hands of Gallus, and with his
rists indicate nothing except the feelings entertained brother Gentius and the rest of the royal family
at the imperial court, which could have been of no walked before the chariot of Gallus in his triumph
friendly description. (Eutrop. ix. 21; Aurel. Vict. in the following year. (Liv. xliv. 30, 32, xlv. 43.)
Caes. xxxix., Epit. xxxix., who calls this emperor CARBO, the name of a plebeian family of the
Charausio; Oros. vii. 25; Panegyr. Vet. ii. 12, Papiria gens.
STEMMA CARBONUM.
1. C. Papirias Carbo, Pr. B. c. 168.
2. C. Papirius Carbo, 3. Cn. Papirius Carbo, 4. M. Papirius 5. P. Papirius
Cos. B. c. 120. Cos. B. c. 113. Carbo. Carbo.
6. C. Papirius Carbo Arvina, 7. Cn. Papirius Carbo, Cos.
Trib. Pleb. B. c. 90. B. c. 85, 84, 82.
1. C. PAPIRIUS CARBO, praetor in B. C. 168, aristocratical party, was found one morning dead in
when he obtained the province of Sardinia; but his bed. Among the various suspicions then afloat
he appears not to have gone into his province, as as to the cause of his death, one was that Carbo
the senate requested him to remain at Rome and had murdered him, or at least had had a hand in
there to exercise jurisdiction in cases between the deed; and this report may not have been
citizens and peregrini. (Liv. xliv. 17, xlv. 12.) wholly without foundation, if we consider the
2. C. PAPIRmJU CARBO, born about B. c. 164, character of Carbo. After his tribuneship, Carbo
a son of No. 1, and a contemporary and friend of continued to act as the friend and supporter of the
the Gracchi; but though he apparently followed Gracchi. Upon the death of C. Gracchus, L.
in the footsteps of Tib. Gracchus, yet his motives Opimius, his murderer, who was consul in B. c.
widely differed from those of his noble friend, and 121, put to death a great number of the friends of
towards the end of his life he shewed how little the Gracchi: but at the expiration of his consulhe had acted upon conviction or principle, by de- ship he was accused of high treason by the tribune
serting his former friends and joining the ranks of Q. Decius, and Carbo, who was now raised to the
their enemies. After the death of Tiberius Grac- consulship himself (B. C. 120), suddenly turned
chus he was appointed his successor as triumvir round, and not only undertook the defence of Opiagrorum dividendorum, and shortly after, in B. c. mius, but did. not scruple to say, that the murder
] 31, he was elected tribune of the people. During of C. Gracchus had been an act of perfect justice.
the year of his tribuneship he brought forward This inconsistency drew upon him the contempt of
two new laws: 1. That a person should be allowed both parties, so that, as Cicero says, even his reto be re-elected to the tribuneship as often as turn to the aristocratical party could not secure
might be thought advisable: this law, which was him their protection. The aristocracy could not
strenuously opposed by P. Cornelius Scipio Afri- forget that he was suspected of having murdered
canus the younger, was supported by C. Gracchus; Scipio, and seem to have been waiting for an opand 2. A lex tabellaria, which ordained that the peo- portunity to crush him. In B. c. 119 the young
ple should in future vote by ballot in the enactment orator L. Licinius Crassus brought a charge against
and repeal of laws. In his tribuneship he continued him, the exact nature of which is not known,
to hold the office of triumvir agrorum dividen- but as Carbo foresaw his condemnation, he put an
dorum. The difficulties connected with carrying end to his life by taking cantharides. Valerius
out the division of land according to the Sempro- Maximus (iii. 7. ~ 6) states, that he was sent into
nian agrarian law created many disturbances at exile. Carbo was a man of great talents, and his
Aome, and S.cipio Africanus, the champion of the oratorical powers are mentioned by Cicero with great