A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

574 CALLIPPUS,
sui. Barth, on the other hand, maintained, that
Calliopius was a complimentary epithet, indicating
the celebrated Flaccus Albinus or Alcuinus, whom
in a MS. life of Willebrord he found designated as
" Dominus Albinus magister optimus Calliopicus,"
i. e. totus a Calliope et Musis formatus; but the
probability of this conjecture has been much weakened by Fabricius, who has shewn that Calliopius
was a proper name not uncommon among writers
of the middle ages. (Funccius, de Inerti ac Decrepita Linguae Latinae Senectute, c. iv. ~ xxxii.; Fabric. Bibl. Lat. lib. i. c. iii. ~~ 3 and 4; Eust.
Swartii Analecta, iii. 11, p. 132; Barth. Advers.
vi. 20; Ritschl, De emendat. Fab. Terentt, disput.,
Wratislav. 4to. 1838.) [W. R.]
SCALLIPHANA, a priestess of Velia. In B. c.
98, the praetor urbanus C. Valerius Flaccus, in
pursuance of a decree of the senate, brought a bill
before the people, that Calliphana should be made
a Roman citizen. This was done before the Velienses obtained the Roman franchise, and for the
purpose of enabling the priestess of a foreign divinity at Rome to perform sacrifices on behalf of
Romans also. (Cic. pro Balb. 24.) [L. S.]
CALLIPHON (KaAALhhf), a philosopher, and
most probably a disciple of Epicurus, who is mentioned several times and condemned by Cicero as
making the chief good of man to consist in an
union of virtue (honestas) and bodily pleasure
(sbovi, voluptas), or, as Cicero says, in the union
of the man with the beast. (Cic. de Fin. ii. 6, 11,
iv. 18, v. 8, 25, de Of iii. 33, Tusc. v. 30, 31;
Clem. Alex. Strom. 2. ~ 127.) [A. G.]
CALLIPHON (KaAhhuAp ), a Samian painter,
employed to decorate the temple of Artemis at
Ephesus. (Paus. v. 19. ~ 1, x. 25. ~ 2.) [W. I.]
CALLI'PPIDES (KaAAtwrriLns), of Athens, a
celebrated tragic actor of the time of Alcibiades
and Agesilaus. (Plut. Alcib. 32, Ages. 21; Athen.
xii. p. 535.) He was particularly famous for his
imitation of the actions of real life, which he carried
so far as to become ridiculous, and to be stigmatized
by the nickname of the ape (TriLOcor. See the
Greek life of Sophocles; Apostolius, Proverb. xv.
39). A comedy of Strattis entitled Callippides
seems to have been composed to ridicule our actor.
(Meineke, Fragm. Com. Graec, i. p. 226); and it
is not improbable that Cicero (ad Att. xiii. 12) may
be alluding to Callippides the actor. (Orelli, Onomast. Tull. ii. p. 119.) [L. S.]
CALLIPPUS (KdAXnr'7os), historical. 1. Of
Athens, was a disciple of Plato, and thus became
acquainted with Dion of Syracuse, who was likewise among the pupils of Plato. When Dion
afterwards returned to Syracuse, Callippus accompanied him, and was ever after treated by him
with distinction and confidence. Notwithstanding
this, Callippus formed at last a conspiracy against
the life of Dion. The plot was discovered by
Dion's sister; but Callippus pacified them by
swearing, that he had no evil intentions towards
Dion. But in spite of this oath, he assassinated
Dion during a festival of Persephone, the very divinity by whom he had sworn, B.c. 353. Callippus
now usurped the government of Syracuse, but
maintained himself only for thirteen months. The
first attempt of Dion's friends to cause an insurrection of the people against the usurper was unsuccessful; but, a short time after, Hipparenus, a
brother of the younger Dionysius, landed with a
fleet at Syracuse, and Callippus, who was defeated

CALLIPPUS.
in the ensuing battle, took to flight. He now
wandered about in Sicily from town to town, at
the head of a band of licentious mercenaries, but
could not maintain himself anywhere. At last he
and Leptines, with their mercenaries, crossed over
into Italy, and laid siege to Rhegium, which was
occupied by a garrison of Dionysius the Younger.
The garrison was expelled, and the citizens of
Rhegium were restored to autonomy, and Callippus himself remained at Rhegium. He treated
his mercenaries badly, and being unable to satisfy
their demands, he was murdered by his own friends,
Leptines and Polyperchon, with the same sword, it
is said, with which he had assassinated Dion.
(Plut. Dion. 28-58, de Sera Num. Vind. p. 553,
d.; Diod. xvi. 31, 36, 45; Athen. xi. p. 508.)
2. Of Athens, took part in the Olympic games
in B. c. 332. He bribed his competitors in the
pentathlon to allow him to conquer and win the
prize. But the fraud became known, and the
Eleans condemned both Callippus and his competitors to pay a heavy fine. The Athenians, who
considered the affair as a national one, sent Hyperides to petition the Eleans to desist from their demand. When the request was refused, the Athenians neither paid the fine nor did they frequent
the Olympic games any longer, until at last the
Delphic god declared that he would not give any
oracle to the Athenians, unless they satisfied the
demand of the Eleans. The fine was now paid,
and the money was spent in erecting six statues
to Zeus, with inscriptions by no means flattering
to the Athenians. (Paus. v. 21. ~ 3, &c.)
3. Of Athens, a son of Moerocles, a brave commander of the Athenians in the war against the
Gauls, B. c. 279. He was stationed with his Athenians at Thermopylae to guard the pass. (Paus.
i. 3. ~ 4, x. 20. ~ 3.)
4. An admiral of king Perseus of Macedonia.
He and Antenor were sent by the king, in B. c.
168, with a fleet to Tenedos, to protect the transports that came with provisions for the Macedonians from the islands of the Aegean. (Liv. xliv.
28.) [L. S.]
CALLIPPUS (Ka'AAhtros), literary. 1. A
comic poet, who is mentioned only by Athenaeus
(xv. p. 668) as the author of a comedy entitled
Pannychis. Person proposed to read in this passage Hipparchus instead of Callippus, because it is
known that Hipparchus composed a comedy Pannychis. (Athen. xv. p. 691.) But this is not a
sufficient reason for striking the name of Callippus
from the list of comic writers. (Meineke, Hist.
Crit. Com. Gr. p. 490.)
2. Of Athens, is mentioned by Aristotle (Rhet.
ii. 23) as the author of a TiEyv- p5TropplKr, but nothing further is known about him.
3. A Stoic philosopher of Corinth, who was a
pupil of Zeno, the founder of the school. (Diog.
Laert.'vii. 38.) He seems to be the same person
as the Callippus mentioned by Pausanias (ix. 29.
~ 2, 38. ~ 10) as the author of a work entitled
o-vyypaq? els 'OpXoxevious, of which a few fragments are preserved there.
4. Surnamed Petaneus, is mentioned by Diogenes Laertius (v. 57) as one of the witnesses to
the will of Theophrastus. [L. S.]
CALLIPPUS or CALIPPUS (KaAAaros or
KdcAtaos), an astronomer of Cyzicus. He was
a disciple of one of Eudoxus' friends, and followed
him to Athens, where he became acquainted