A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

BUPALUS.
the whole story is fictitious, as Welcker has shewn.
(Archiv fur Philol. 1830, Nos. 9 and 10.) [W. I.]
BULBUS, a Roman senator and an unprincipled
man, was one of the judices at the trial of Oppianicus. Staienus, another of the judices at the trial,
had received a sum of money to secure the acquittal of Oppianicus; but, although Bulbus had obtained a share of it, he and Staienus condemned
Oppianicus. Bulbus was afterwards condemned
on a charge of treason (majestas) for attempting to
corrupt a legion in Illyricum. (Cic. pro Cluent. 26,
35, c. Verr. ii. 32.)
BULBUS, C. ATI'LIUS, was consul in B. c.
245, a second time in 235, and censor in 234. In
his second consulship, in which he had T. Manlius
Torquatus for a colleague, the temple of Janus was
closed for the first time after the reign of Numa.
(Fast. Capit.; Eutrop. ii. 3; Oros. iv. 12; Plut.
Num. 20; comp. Liv. i. 19.)
BULBUS, C. NORBA'NUS. [NORBANUS.]
BULIS (BogdAs) and SPE'RTHIAS (27rEp0 is),
two Spartans of noble rank, voluntarily offered to
go to Xerxes and offer themselves to punishment,
when the hero Talythibius was enraged against
the Spartans on account of their having murdered
the heralds whom Dareius had sent to Sparta;
but, upon their arrival at Susa, they were dismissed
uninjured by the king. Their names are written
somewhat differently by different authors. (Herod.
vii. 134, &c.; Plut. Apophth. Lac. 60, p. 235, f.,
Praec. Reipubl. Ger. 19, p. 815, e.; Lucian, Dem.
Enc. 32; Suidas, s. v.; Stobaeus, Serm. vii. p. 93.)
There was a mournful song upon this Sperthias or
Sperchis, as he is called by Theocritus, which seems
to have been composed when he and his companion
left Sparta. (Theocr. Id. xv. 98.)
BULON (BosAawu), the founder of the town of
Bulis in Phocis. (Paus. x. 37. ~ 2; Steph. Byz.
s. v. Bo6Ais.) [L. S.]
BUNAEA (Bovvala), a surname of Hera, derived from Bunus, the son of Hermes and Alcidameia, who is said to have built a sanctuary to Hera
on the road which led up to Acrocorinthus. (Paus.
ii. 4. ~ 7, 3. ~ 8.) [L. S.]
BU'PALUS,an architect and sculptor of the island
of Chios, where his family is said to have exercised
the art of statuary from the beginning of the
Olympiads. (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 5; comp. Thiersch,
Epoch. Anm. p. 58.) Bupalus and his brother
Athenis are said by Pliny (1. c.) and Suidas (s. v.
"IhrTrdva) to have made caricatures of the famous
iambographical poet Hipponax, which the poet requited by the bitterest satires. (Welcker, Hiipp.
fragm. p. 12.) This story, which we have no
grounds for doubting, gives at once a pretty certain
date for the age of the two artists, for Hipponax
was a contemporary of Dareius (B. c. 524-485);
and it also accounts for their abilities, which for
their time must have been uncommon. This is
proved moreover by the fact, that Augustus adorned
most of his temples at Rome with their works. It
is to be noticed that marble was their material.
In the earlier period of Greek art wood and bronze
was the common material, until by the exertions
of Dipoenus and Scyllis, and the two Chian brothers, Bupalus and Athenis, marble became more
general. Welcker (Rhein. Museum, iv. p. 254) has
pointed out the great importance which Bupalus
and his brother acquired by forming entire groups
of statues, which before that time had been wrought
as isolated figures. The father of Bupalus and

BURRUS. 517
Athenis, likewise a celebrated artist, is generally
called Anthermus, which being very differently
spelt in the different MSS. has been rejected by
Sillig (Cat. Art. s. v.), who proposes to read
Archeneus. The reading Anthermus for the son's
name instead of Athenis has long been generally
given up. [W. I.]
BU'PHAGUS (Boepayos). 1. A son of lapetus
and Thornaxe, an Arcadian hero and husband of
Promne. He received the wounded Iphicles, the
brother of Heracles, into his house, and took care
of him until he died. Buphagus was afterwards
killed by Artemis for having pursued her. (Paus.
viii. 14. ~ 6, 27. ~ 11.)
2. A surname of Heracles, Lepreus, and others,
who were believed to have eaten a whole bull at
once. (Apollod. ii. 7. ~ 7, 5. ~ 11; Aelian, V. H.
i. 24; Eustath. ad Homn. p. 1523.) [L. S.]
BURA (Boepa), a daughter of Ion, the ancestral hero of the lonians, and Helice, from whom
the Achaean town of Bura derived its name.
(Paus. vii. 25. ~ 5; Steph. Byz. s. v.) [L. S.]
BURA'ICUS (Bovpae5is), a surname of Heracles, derived from the Achaean town of Bura,
near which he had a statue on the river Buraicus,
and an oracle in a cave. Persons who consulted
this oracle first said prayers before the statue, and
then took four dice from a heap which was always
kept ready, and threw them upon a table. These
dice were marked with certain characters, the
meaning of which was explained with the help of
a painting which hung in the cave. (Paus. vii. 25.
~6.) [L. S.]
BURDO, JU'LIUS, commander of the fleet in
Germany, A. D. 70, was obnoxious to the soldiers,
because it was thought that he had had a hand in
the death of Fonteius Capito; but he was protected by Vitellius from the vengeance of the soldiers.
(Tac. Hist. i. 58.)
BU'RICHUS (Bov'pos), one of the commanders of Demetrius Poliorcetes in the sea-fight off
Cyprus, B. c. 306, was one of the flatterers of the
king, to whom the Athenians erected an altar and
a heroum. (Diod. xx. 52; Athen. vi. p. 253, a.)
C. BURRIE'NUS, praetor urbanus about B. c.
82. (Cic. pro Quint. 6, 21.)
BURRUS or BURRHUS, AFRANIUS, a
distinguished Roman general under Claudius and
Nero, who was appointed by Claudius sole praefectus praetorio, A. D. 52, upon the recommendation
of Agrippina, the wife of the emperor, as she
hoped to obtain more influence -over the praetorian
cohorts by one man being their praefect instead of
two, especially as Burrus was made to feel that he
owed his elevation to her. Burrus and Seneca
conducted the education of Nero, and although
they were men of very different pursuits, yet they
agreed in their endeavours to bring up the young
prince in virtuous habits. When Claudius died in
A. D. 55, Burrus accompanied Nero from the palace
to the praetorians, who, at the command of their
praefect, received Nero with loud acclamations.
It appears, indeed, that Nero owed his elevation
to the throne chiefly to the influence of Burrus.
The executions which Agrippina ordered in the
beginning of Nero's reign were strenuously opposed
by Burrus and Seneca. When Nero had given
orders in A. D. 60 to put his mother Agrippina to
death, and was informed that she had escaped with
a slight wound, he consulted Burrus and Seneca,
hoping that they would assist him in carrying his