A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

BA1BATUS.
ii. 632.) Macrobius (Sat. iii. 8) also mentions a
statue of Venus in Cyprus, representing the goddess with a beard, in female attire, but resembling
in her whole figure that of a man. (Comp. Suidas,
sv.v. 'AppoShr; Hesych. s. v. 'Appo6&ros.) The
idea of Venus thus being a mixture of the male
and female nature, seems to belong to a very late
period of antiquity. (Voss, Myithol. Briefe, ii. p.
282, &c.) [L. S.]
BARBA'TIO, commander of the household
troops under the Caesar Gallus, arrested his master, by command of Constantius, at Petovium in
Noricum, and thence, after stripping him of the
ensigns of his dignity, conducted him to Pola in
Istria, A. n. 354. In return for his services, he was
promoted, upon the death of Silvanus, to the rank of
general of the infantry (peditum magister), and was
sent with an army of 25,000 or 30,000 men to cooperate with Julian in the campaign against the
Alemanni in 356; but he treacherously deserted
him, either through envy of Julian, or in accordance
with the secret instructions of the emperor. In
358, he defeated the Juthungi, who had invaded
Rhaetia; and, in the following year, he was beheaded by command of Constantius, in consequence
of an imprudent letter which his wife had written
him, and which the emperor thought indicated
treasonable designs on his part. (Amm. Marc. xiv.
11, xvi. 11, xvii. 6, xviii. 3; Liban. Orat. x.
p. 273.)
M. BARBA'TIUS, a friend of J. Caesar, and
afterwards quaestor of Antony in B. c. 40. (Cic.
Phil. xiii. 2; Appian, B. C. v. 31.) His name
occurs on a coin of Antony: the obverse of which
is M. ANT. ITM. AVG. 111VIR. R. P. C., M. BARBAT. Q. P., where there can be little doubt that
M. BRB AT. signifies M. Barbatius, and not Barbatus, as Ursinus and others have conjectured,
who make it a surname of the Valeria gens. The
letters Q. P. probably signify Quaestor Propractore.
(Comp. Eckhel, v. p. 334.)
This M. Barbatius appears to be the same as the
Barbarius Philippus mentioned by Ulpian (Dig. 1.
tit. 14. s. 3), where Barbarius is only a false reading for Barbatius, and also the same as the Barbius Philippicus, spoken of by Suidas. (s. v.) We
learn from Ulpian and Suidas that M. Barbatius
was a runaway slave, who ingratiated himself
into the favour of Antony, and through his influence obtained the praetorship under the triumvirs. While discharging the duties of his office in
the forum he was recognized, we are told, by his
old master, but privately purchased his freedom by
a large sum of money. (Comp. Garaton. ad Cic.
Phil. xiii. 2.)
BARBA'TUS, the name of a family of the
Horatia gens. Barbatus was also a surname of P.
Cornelius Scipio, consul in B. c. 328 [Scipio], of
the Quinctii Capitolini [CAPITOLINUs], and of M.
Valerius Messalla, consul in B. c. 12. [MESSALLA.]
I. M. IIoRATIUS M. F. M. N. BARBATUS, was
one of the most violent opponents of the second
decemvirs, when they resolved to continue their
power beyond their year of office. In the tumult
which followed the death of Virginia, Valerius
Poplicola and Horatius Barbatus put themselves
at the head of the popular movement; and when
the plebeians seceded to the Sacred Hill, Valerius
and Horatius were sent to them by the senate, as
the only acceptable deputies, to negotiate the terms
of peace. The right of appeal and the tribunes

BARBULA. 461
were restored to the plebs, and a full indemnity
granted to all engaged in the secession. The
decemvirate was also abolished, and the two friends
of the plebs, Valerius and Horatius, were elected
consuls, B. c. 449. The liberties of the plebs
were still further confirmed in their consulship by
the passing of the celebrated Valeriae IHoratiae
Leges. [POPLICOLA.] Horatius gained a great
victory over the Sabines, which inspired them with
such dread of Rome, that they did not take up
arms again for the next hundred and fifty years.
The senate out of spite refused Horatius a triumph,
but he celebrated one without their consent, by
command of the populus. (Liv. iii. 39, &c., 49,
50, 53, 55, 61-63; Dionys. xi. 5, 22, 38, 45,
48; Cic. de Rep. ii. 31; Died. xii. 26; Zonar.
vii. 18.)
2. L. HORATIUS BARBATUS, consular tribune,
B. c. 425. (Liv. iv. 35.)
BARBILLUS (BadpgtAXos), an astrologer at
Rome in the reign of Vespasian. (Dion Cass. lxvi.
9.) He was retained and consulted by the emperor, though all of his profession were forbidden
the city. He obtained the establishment of the
games at Ephesus, which received their name from
him, and are mentioned in the Arundelian Marbles, p. 71, and discussed in a note in Reimar's
edition of Dion Cass. vol. ii. p. 1084. [A. G.]
BARBUCALLUS, JOANNES ('Iwdcvvns BapCovied'Xos), the author of eleven epigrams in the
Greek Anthology. From internal evidence his
date is fixed by Jacobs about A. D. 551. The
Scholiast derives his name from Barbucale, a city
of Spain within the Ebro mentioned by Polybius
and Stephanus. The name of the city as actually
given by Polybius (iii. 14), Stephanus Byzantinus
(s. v.), and Livy (xxi. 5), is Arbucale ('Apgovuxda?)
or Arbocala, probably the modern Albucella. [P. S.]
BA'RBULA, the name of a family of the patrician Aemilia gens.
1. Q. AEMILIUS Q. F. L. N. BARBULA, consul
in B. C. 317, in which year a treaty was made with
the Apulian Teates, Nerulum taken by Barbula,
and Apulia entirely subdued. (Liv. ix. 20, 21;
Died. xix. 17.) Barbula was consul again in 311,
and had the conduct of the war against the Etruscans, with whom he fought an indecisive battle
according to Livy. (ix. 30-32; Died. xx. 3.)
The Fasti, however, assign him a triumph over the
Etruscans, but this Niebuhr (Rom. Hist. iii. p.
278) thinks to have been an invention of the
family, more especially as the next campaign
against the Etruscans was not opened as if the Romans had been previously conquerors.
2. L. AEMILIUS Q. F. Q. N. IBARBULA, son of
No. 1, was consul in B. c. 281. The Tarentines
had rejected with the vilest insult the terms of
peace which had been offered by Postumius, the
Roman ambassador; but as the republic had both
the Etruscans and Samnites to contend with, it
was unwilling to come to a rupture with the Tarentines, and accordingly sent the consul Barbula
towards Tarentum with instructions to offer the
same terms of peace as Postumius had, but if they
were again rejected to make war against the city.
The Tarentines, however, adhered to their former
resolution; but as they were unable to defend
themselves against the Romans, they invited
Pyrrhus to their assistance. As soon as Barbula
became acquainted with their determination, he
prosecuted the war with the utmost vigour, beat