A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

378 ARTYBIUS. ARUSIANUS.
is mentioned several times by Seneca, who has ARTYSTO'N E ('AprvUero-w ), a daughter of the
also preserved some fragments of his. (Senec. Suas. great Cyrus, was married to Dareias Hystaspis,
1; Controv. i. 6, 7, ii. 9, 11, iii. 16, iv. 25, v. 30. who loved her more than any other of his wives,
33.) and had a golden statue made of her. She had by
10. A SYRIAN of royal descent, who lived in Dareius a son, Arsames or Arsanes. (Herod. iii.
and after the reign of Antiochus the Great. He 88, vii. 69.) [ARSAMES.] [L. S.]
resembled the king so much, that when, in B. c. ARVI'NA, a cognomen of the Cornelia gens.
187, Antiochus was killed, the queen Laodice put 1. A. CORNELIUS P. F. A. N. Cossus AvrINA,
Artemon into a bed, pretending that he was the whom Livy sometimes calls A. Cornelius Cossus,
king, and dangerously ill. Numbers of persons and sometimes A. Cornelius Arvina, was magister
were admitted to see him; and all believed that equitum B. c. 353, and a second time in 349.
they were listening to their king when he recom- (Liv. vii. 19, 26.) He was consul in B. c. 343,
mended to them Laodice and her children. (Plin. the first year of the Samnite war, and was the
II. N. vii. 10; Val. Max. ix. 14. ext. 1.) [L. S.] first Roman general who invaded Samnium.
A'RTEMON, a physician, who is said by While marching through the mountain passes of
Pliny (H. N. xxviii. 2) to have made use of Samnium, his army was surprised in a valley by
cruel and superstitious remedies, and who must the enemy, and was only saved by the heroism of
have lived some time in or before the first century P. Decius, who seized with a body of troops a
after Christ. [W. A. G.] height which commanded the road. The consul
A'RTEMON. 1. A painter mentioned by then conquered the Samnites, and triumphed on
Pliny (H. N. xxxv. 11. s. 40), who enumerates his return to Rome. (vii. 28, 32, 34-38, x. 31;
some of his works. His country is not known. Niebuhr, Rom. Hist. iii. p. 120, &c.) Arvina was
With regard to his age, we can only say, that he consul again in B. c. 322 (A. Cornelius iterum,
seems to have lived after the time of Alexander Liv. viii. 17), and dictator in 320, in the latter of
the Great, as one of his works was a statue of which years he defeated the Samnites in a hardqueen Stratonice, a name not unfrequent in the fought battle, though some of the ancient authoriAsiatic kingdoms after that time. ties attributed this victory to the consuls of the
2. A sculptor, in the first century after Christ, year. (Liv. viii. 38, 39; Niebuhr, iii. p. 200, &c.)
and, in conjunction with Pythodorus, adorned the 2. A. CORNELIUS ARVINA, the fetialis, sent to
palaces of the Caesars on the Palatine with statues. restore to the Samnites the prisoners who had
(Plin, -. NT. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. ~ 11.) [C. P. M.] been set free by them after the battle of Caudium,
ARTO'CES ('ApTai s), king of the Iberians, B. c. 321. (Liv. ix. 10.)
against whom Pompey marched in B. c. 65. Pom- 3. P. CORNELIUS A. F. P. N. ARVINA, appey crossed the Cyrnus and defeated Artoces; and parently a son of No. 1, consul B. c. 306, comwhen he also crossed the Pelorus, Artoces sent to manded in Samnium. He was censor in B. c.
him his sons as hostages, and concluded a peace 294, and consul a second time in 288. (Liv. ix.
with him. (Dion Cass. xxxvii. 1, 2; Appian, Mithr. 42, &c., x. 47; Fasti.)
103, 117; Flor. iii. 5, who calls him Arthoces;.ARULE'NUS RU'STICUS. [RusTICUS.]
Plut. Pomp. 36.) ARUNS. 1. The son of Demeratus of Corinth,
ARTONIS. [ARTABAZUS, No. 4.] and the brother of Lucumo, afterwards L. TarquiM. ARTO'RIUS ('Aprcoptos), a physician at nius Priscus, died in the life-time of his father.
Rome, who was one of the followers of Asclepiades (Liv. i. 34; Dionys. iii. 46.)
(Cael. Aurel. De Morb. Acut. iii. 14, p. 224), and 2. The brother of L. Tarquinius Superbus,
afterwards became the friend and physician of married to the younger Tullia, was murdered by
Caesar Octavianus. He attended him in his cam- his wife, who despised her husband's want of ampaign against Brutus and Cassius, B. c. 42, and it bition and was anxious to marry his brother. (Liv.
was by his advice, in consequence of a dream, that i. 46.)
Octavianus was persuaded to leave his camp and 3. The son of Tarquinius Superbus, went with
assist in person at the battle of Philippi, notwith- Brutus to consult the oracle at Delphi, and after
standing a severe indisposition. This was probably the expulsion of the Tarquins killed, and was
the means of saving his life, as that part of the at the same time killed by, Brutus in battle.
army was cut to pieces by Brutus. (Vell. Paterc. (Liv. i. 56, ii. 6; Cic. Tusc. iv. 22.)
ii. 70; Plut. Brut. c. 41, where some editions 4. The son of Porsena, accompanied his father
have Antonius instead of Artorius; Lactant. Divin. to the Roman war, and was afterwards sent to beInstit. ii. 8; Dion Cass. xlvii. 41; Valer. Max. i. siege Aricia, before which he fell in battle. (Liv.
7. ~ 1; Tertull. De Anima, c. 46; Sueton. Aug. ii. 14; Dionys. v. 30, 36, vii. 5, 6.)
c. 91; Appian, De Bell. Civil. iv. 110; Florus, iv. 5. Of Clusium, according to the legend, invited
7.) He was drowned at sea shortly after the the Gauls across the Alps. He had been guardian
battle of Actium, B. c. 31. (S. Hieron. in Euseb. to a wealthy Lucumo, who, when he grew up,
Chron.) St. Clement of Alexandria quotes (Pae- seduced the wife of Aruns. The husband in redag. ii. 2, p. 153) a work by a person of the same venge carried wine, oil, and figs, across the Alps,
name, Hsepi MaiKpoLo'rTias. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. and by these tempted the Gauls to invade Italy.
xiii. p. 86, ed. vet.; Caroli Patini Comment. in (Liv. v. 33; Plut. Camill. 15.)
Antiq. Cenotaph... Artorii, in Poleni Tlies. Antiq. ARU'NTIUS. [ARRUNTIUS.]
Rom. et Gr. Supplem. vol. ii. p. 1133.) [W.A.G.] ARUSIA'NUS, MESSUS or ME'SSIUS, a
ARTY'BIUS ('ApT;vfos), a Persian general in Roman grammarian, who lived under one of the
the reign of Dareius Hystaspis, who, after the later emperors. He wrote a Latin phrase-book,
Ionian revolt had broken out, sailed with a fleet to entitled " Quadriga, vel Exempla Elocutionum ex
Cyprus to conquer that island. He was killed in Virgilio, Sallustio, Terentio, et Cicerone per literas
battle by Onesilus, the principal among the chiefs digesta." It is called Quadriga from its being
of Cyprus, (Herod. v. 108-110.) [L. S.] composed from four authors. The work is valuable