A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ARRUNTIUS.
aneorum Librorum Reliquiis, Regimontii, 1836,4to.;
P. 0. Van der Chys, Commsentaries Geographicus in
Arrianum, Leyden, 1828, 4to.) [L. S.]
ARRIA'NUS, a Roman jurisconsult, of uncertain date. He probably lived under Trajan, and,
according to the conjecture of Grotius, is perhaps
the same person with the orator Arrianus, who
corresponded with the younger Pliny. (Plin. Ep.
i. 2, ii. 11, 12, iv. 8, viii. 21.) He may also possibly be identical with the Arrianus Severus, praefectus aerarii, whose opinion concerning a constitution Divi Trcjani is cited by Aburnus Valens.
(Dig. 49. tit. 14. s. 42.) He wrote a treatise de
Interdictis, of which the second book is quoted
in the Digest in an extract from Ulpian. (Dig.
5. tit. 3. s. 11.) In that extract, Proculus, who
lived under Tiberius, is mentioned in such a
manner, that he might be supposed to have written
after Arrianus. There is no direct extract from
Arrianus in the Digest, though he is several times
mentioned. (Majansius, vol. ii. p. 219; Zimmern,
Rmi. Rechts-Geschichte, i. ~ 90.) [J. T. G.]
A'RRIBAS, A'RRYBAS, ARYMBAS, or
THARRYTAS ('Ajpias, A Pvgas, 'Apvsdgas, or
OaPP ras), a descendant of Achilles, and one of
the early kings of the Molossians in Epeirus.
When he came to the possession of the throne, he
was yet very young, and being the last surviving
member of the royal family, his education was
conducted Wiith great care, and he was sent to
Athens with this view. On his return he displayed so much wisdom that he won the affection
and admiration of his people. He framed for
them a code of laws, and established a regular constitution, with a senate and annual magistrates.
The accounts of this king cannot, of course, be received as historical, and he must be looked upon
as one of the mythical ancestors of the royal house
of the Molossians, to whom they ascribed the
foundation of their political institutions. (Justin,
xvii. 3; Plut. Pyrrh. 1; Paus. i. 11. ~ 1.) The
grandfather of Pyrrhus also bore the name of
Arymbas. (Diod. xvi. 72.) [L. S.]
A'RRIUS APER. [APER.]
A'RRIUS MENANDER. [MENANDER.]
A'RRIUS VARUS. [VARUS.]
A'RRIUS. 1. Q. ARRIus, praetor, B. c. 72,
defeated Crixus, the leader of the runaway slaves,
and killed 20,000 of his men, but was afterwards
conquered by Spaitacus. (Liv. Epit. 96.) In B. c.
71, Arriss was to have succeeded Verres as propraetor in Sicily (Cic. Verr. ii. 15, iv. 20; PseudoAscon. in Cic. Div. p. 101, ed. Orelli), but died on his
way to Sicily. (Schol. Gronov. in Cic. Div. p. 383,
ed. Orelli.) Cicero (Brut. 69) says, that Arrius was
of low birth, and without learning or talent, but
rose to honour by his assiduity.
2. Q. ARRIUS, a son of the preceding, was an
unsuccessful candidate for the consulship, B. c. 59.
(Cic. ad Alt. ii. 5, 7.) He was an intimate friend
of Cicero (in Vatin. 12, pro Mil. 17); but Cicero
during his exile complains bitterly of the conduct
of Arrius. (Ad Qu. fr. i. 3.)
3. C. ARRIUS, a neighbour of Cicero at Formiae,
who honoured Cicero with more of his company
than was convenient to him, B. c. 59. (Cic. ad Att.
ii. 14, 15.)
ARRU'NTIUS, a physician at Rome, who
lived probably about the beginning or middle of
the first century after Christ, and is mentioned by
Pliny (H. N. xxix. 5) as having gained by his

ARSACES. 353
practice the annual income of 250,000 sesterces
(about 19531. 2s. 6d.). This may give us some
notion of the fortunes made by physicians at Rome
about the beginning of the empire. [W. A. G.]
'ARRU'NTIUS. 1. ARRUNTIUS, proscribed
by the triumvirs, and killed, B. c. 43. His son
escaped, but perished at sea, and his wife killed
herself by voluntary starvation, when she heard of
the death of her son. (Appian, B. C. iv. 21.)
2. ARRUNTIUS, was also proscribed by the
triumvirs in B. c. 43, but escaped to Pompey, and
was restored to the state together with Pompey.
(Appian, B. C.iv.46; Vell. Pat. ii. 77.) This is
probably the same Arruntius who commanded the
left wing of the fleet of Octavianus at the battle of
Actium, B. c. 31. (Vel!. Pat. ii. 85; comp. Plut.
Ant. 66.) There was a L. Arruntius, consul in
B. c. 22 (Dion Cass. liv. 1), who appears to be the
same person as the one mentioned above, and may
perhaps also be the same as the L. Arruntius, the
friend of Trebatius, whom Cicero mentions (ad
Fam. vii. 18) in B. c. 53.
3. L. ARRUNTIUS, son of the preceding, consul
A. D. 6. Augustus was said to have declared in his
last illness, that Arruntius was not unworthy of the
empire, and would have boldness enough to seize it,
if an opportunity presented. This, as well as his
riches, talents, and reputation, rendered him an object of suspicion to Tiberius. In A. D. 15, when the
Tiber had flooded a great part of the city, he was
appointed to take measures to restrain it within
its bed, and he consulted the senate on the subject. The province of Spain had been assigned to
him, but Tiberius, through jealousy, kept him at
Rome ten years after his appointment, and obliged
him to govern the province by his legates. He
was accused on one occasion by Aruseius and Sanquinius, but was acquitted, and his accusers punished. He was subsequently charged in A. D. 37,
as an accomplice in the crimes of Albucilla; and
though his friends wished him to delay his death,
as Tiberius was in his last illness, and could not
recover, he refused to listen to their advice, as he
knew the wickedness of Caligula, who would succeeed to the empire, and accordingly put himself to
death by opening his veins. (Tac. Ann. i. 8, 13,
76, 79, vi. 27, Hist. ii. 65, Ann. vi. 5, 7, 47, 48;
Dion Cass. Iv. 25, lviii. 27.)
It was either this Arruntius or his father, in
all probability, who wrote a history of the first
Punic war, in which he imitated the style of Sallust. (Senec. Epist. 114.)
ARRU'NTIUS CELSUS. [CELSUS.]
ARRU'NTIUS STELLA. [STELLA.]
ARSA'CES ('Apadcqus), the name of the founder
of the Parthian empire, which was also borne by
all his successors, who were hence called the Arsacidae. Pott (Etymologisclie Forschungen, ii. p.
172) supposes that it signifies the " Shah or King
of the Arii;" but it occurs as a Persian name long
before the time of the Parthian kings. Aeschylus
(Pers. 957) speaks of an Arsaces, who perished in
the expedition of Xerxes against Greece; and
Ctesias (Pers. cc. 49, 53, 57, ed. Lion) says, that
Arsaces was the original name of Artaxerxes
Mnemon.
ARSACES I, is variously represented by the
ancient writers as a Scythian, a Bactrian, or a
Parthian. (Strab. xi. p. 515; Arrian, ap. Phot.
Cod. 58, p. 17, ed. Bekker; Herodian, vi. 2;
Moses Chor. i. 7.) Justin (xli. 4) says, that Ihe
2 A