A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

258 ARCATHIAS.
named Thaumastorita, several passages from whici
are quoted in the Acts of the second council o
Nice. A few other works, which exist in MS.
are ascribed to him. (Fabric. Bib. Grae. xi. pp
578, 579, xii. p. 179.) Cave (Diss. de Script
Incert. Act. p. 4) places him before the eighth
century. [P. S.]
ARCA'DIUS ('Apildsoos) of Antioch, a Greek
grammarian of uncertain date, but who did not
live before 200 A. D., was the author of several
grammatical works, of which Suidas mentions
IIepI 3pooypopaq)ie naepi ovvrd(ews rv tro Aoyo
psepdb, and 'OvogaOrTKsv. A work of his on the
accents (Hepli 7rvwv) has come down to us, and
was first published by Barker from a manuscript
at Paris. (Leipzig, 1820.) It is also included in
the first volume of Dindorf's Gramat. Graec. Lips.
1823.
ARCAS ("ApKas). 1. The ancestor and eponymic hero of the Arcadians, from whom the country
and its inhabitants derived their name. He was a
son of Zeus by Callisto, a companion of Artemis.
After the death or the metamorphosis of his mother
[CALLISTo], Zeus gave the child to Maia, and
called him Areas. (Apollod. iii. 8. ~ 2.) Areas
became afterwards by Leaneira or Meganeira the
father of Elatus and Apheidas. (Apollod. iii. 9. ~ 1.)
According to Hyginus (Fab. 176, Poet. Astr. ii. 4)
Areas was the son of Lycaon, whose flesh the father set before Zeus, to try his divine character.
Zeus upset the table (Tpdarea) which bore the
dish, and destroyed the house of Lycaon by lightning, but restored Areas to life. When Areas had
grown up, he built on the site of his father's house
the town of Trapezus. When Areas once during
the chase pursued his mother, who was metamorphosed into a she-bear, as far as the sanctuary of
the Lycaean Zeus, which no mortal was allowed to
enter, Zeus placed both of them among the stars.
(Ov. Met. ii. 410, &c.) According to Pausanias
(viii. 4. ~ 1, &c.), Areas succeeded Nyctimus in
the government of Arcadia, and gave to the country which until then had been called Pelasgia the
name of Arcadia, He taught his subjects the arts
of making bread and of weaving. He was married
to the nymph Erato, by whom he had three sons,
Elatus, Apheidas, and Azan, among whom he divided his kingdom. He had one illegitimate son,
Autolaus, whose mother is not mentioned. The
tomb of Areas was shewn at Mantineia, whither
his remains had been carried from mount Maenalus
at the command of the Delphic oracle. (Paus. viii.
9. ~ 2.) Statues of Areas and his family were dedicated at Delphi by the inhabitants of Tegea. (x.
9. ~ 3.)
2. A surname of Hermes. (Lucan, Phars. ix.
661; Martial, ix. 34. 6; HERMEs.) [L. S.]
ARCA'THIAS ('ApcaOias), a son of Mithridates, joined Neoptolemus and Archelaus, the
generals of his father, with 10,000 horse, which he
brought from the lesser Armenia, at the commencement of the war with the Romans, B. c. 88.
He took an active part in the great battle fought
near the river Amneius or Amnias (see Strab. xii.
p. 562) in Paphlagonia, in which Nicomedes, the
king of Bithynia, was defeated. Two years afterwards, B. c. 86, he invaded Macedonia with a
separate army, and completely conquered the country. He then proceeded to march against Sulla,
but died on the way at Tidaeum (Potidaea?)
(Appian, Mitlir. 17, 18, 35, 41.)

ARCESILAUS.
1I APCE ("ApKoe), a daughter of Thaumas and sisf ter of Iris, who in the contest of the gods with, the Titans sided with the latter. Zeus afterwards
Spunished her for this by throwing her into Tartarus. and depriving her of her wings, which were given
i to Thetis at her marriage with Peleus. Thetis
afterwards fixed these wings to the feet of her son
Achilles, who was therefore called.Troaiptcns. (PtoSlem. Hephaest. 6.) [L. S.]
I ARCEISI'ADES ('ApmKcotasotd ), a patronymic
s from Arceisius, the father of Lairtes, who as well
Sas his son Odysseus are designated by the name of
Arceisiades. (Hom. Od. xxiv. 270, iv. 755.) [L. S.]
ARCEISIUS ('ApKideos), a son of Zeus and
SEuryodia, husband of Chalcomedusa and father of
SLaertes. (Hom. Od. xiv. 182, xvi. 118; Apollod.
i. 9. ~ 16; Ov. Met. xiii. 145; Eustath, ad Hoem.
p. 1796.) According to Hyginus (Fab. 189), he
was a son of Cephalus and Procris, and according
to others, of Cephalus and a she-bear. (Eustath.
ad HoE. p. 1961, comp. p. 1756.) [L. S.]
ARCEOPHON ('Apiceo(4v), a son of Minnyrides of Salamis in Cyprus. Antoninus Liberalis
(39) relates of him and Arsinoe precisely the same
story which Ovid (Met. xiv. 698, &c.) relates of
Anaxarete and Iphis. [ANAXARETE.] [L. S.]
ARCESILAUS ('Apicro-xaos), a son of Lycus
and Theobule, was the leader of the Boeotians in
the Trojan war. He led his people to Troy in ten
ships, and was slain by Hector. (Hom. Ii. ii. 495,
xv. 329; Hygin. Fab. 97.) According to Pausanias (ix. 39. ~ 2) his remains were brought back
to Boeotia, where a monument was erected to his
memory in the neighbourhood of Lebadeia. A son
of Odysseus and Penelope of the name of Arcesilaus is mentioned by Eustathius. (Ad Hoen. p.
1796.) [L. S.]
ARCESILA'US ('Aptcealhaos). 1. The name
of four kings of Cyrene. [BATTUS and BATTIADAE.]
2. The murderer of Archagathus, the son of
Agathocles, when the latter left Africa, B. c. 307.
Arcesilaus had formerly been a friend of Agathocles.
(Justin, xxii. 8; AGATHOCLES, p. 64.)
3. One of the ambassadors sent to Rome by the
Lacedaemonian exiles about B. c. 183, who was
intercepted by pirates and killed. (Polyb. xxiv. 11.)
4. Of Megalopolis, was one of those who dissuaded the Achaean league from assisting Perseus
in the war against the Romans in B. c. 170. In
the following years he was one of the ambassadors
sent by the league to attempt the reconciliation of
Antiochus Epiphanes and Ptolemy. (Polyb. xxviii.
6, xxix. 10.)
ARCESILA'US('Apiceo-'laos) or ARCESILAS,
the founder of the new Academy, flourished towards
the close of the third century before Christ. (Comp.
Strab.i.p.15.) He was the son of Seuthes or Scythes
(Diog. Laert. iv. 18), and born at Pitane in Aeolis.
His early education was entrusted to Autolycus, a
mathematician, with whom he migrated to Sardis.
Afterwards, at the wish of his elder brother and
guardian, Moireas, he came 'to Athens to study
rhetoric; but becoming the disciple first of Theophrastus and afterwards of Crantor, he found his
inclination led to philosophical pursuits. Not content, however, with any single school, he left his
early masters and studied under sceptical and dialectic philosophers; and the line of Ariston upon him,
lIp6o'rOe IhArwvc oTrtOEv T-Ipwv, ietoa'os' Aid6wpos,
described the course of his early education, as well