A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

APRONIUS.
de Medicaminibus Herbarum; it consists of one
hundred and twenty-eight chapters, and is mostly
taken from Dioscorides and Pliny. It was first
published at Rome by Jo. Phil. de Lignamine,
4to., without date, but before 1484. It was reprinted three times in the sixteenth century, besides being included in two collections of medical
writers, and in several editions of the works of
Appuleius of Madaura. The last and best edition
is that by Ackermann in his Parabiliuzm Medicamentorusm Scriptores Antiqui, Norimb. 1788, 8vo.
A short work, " De Ponderibus et Mensuris,"
bearing the name of Appuleius, is to be found at
the end of several editions of Mesue's works.
(Haller, Bibliothi. Botan.; Choulant, Handbuch der
BUicheruonde filr die Altere Medicin.) [W.A.G.]
APPULEIUS, L. CAECI'LICUS MINUTIA'NUS, the author of a work de Orthographia,
of which considerable fragments were first published
by A. Mai in "Juris Civilis Ante-Justinianei Reliquiae, &c.," Rome, 1823. They were republished
by Osann, Darmstadt, 1826, with two other grammatical works, de Nota Aspirationis and de Diphthongis, which also bear the name of Appuleius.
Madvig has shewn (de Apuleii Fragmo. de Orthogr,,
I-afniae, 1829), that the treatise de Orthographia
is the work of a literary impostor of the fifteenth
century. The two other grammatical treatises
above mentioned were probably written in the
tenth century of our aera.
A'PRIES ('Arpiys, 'A7rpas), a king of Egypt,
'he 8th of the 26th (Saite) dynasty, the PharaohHlophra of Scripture (Ixx. Odappfj), the Vaphres
)f Manetho, succeeded his father Psammuthis, B. c.
196. The commencement of his reign was distinruished by great success in war. He conquered?alestine and Phoenicia, and for a short time restablished the Egyptian influence in Syria, which
iad been overthrown by Nebuchadnezzar. He
ailed, however, to protect his ally Zedekiah, king
f Jerusalem, from the renewed attack of Nebuhadnezzar, who took and destroyed Jerusalem.
B. c. 586.) About the same time, in consequence
f the failure of an expedition which Apries had
ant against Cyrene, his army rebelled and elected
s king Amasis, whom Apries had sent to reconcile
aem. The cruelty of Apries to Patarbemis, whom
e had sent to bring back Amasis, and who had
diled in the attempt, exasperated the principal:gyptians to such a degree, that they deserted
im, leaving him only to the protection of an
ixiliary force of 30,000 Greeks. With these
id the few Egyptians who remained faithful
I him, Apries encountered Amasis at Momemiis, but his army was overpowered by numbers,
id he himself was taken alive. Amasis
eated him for some time with kindness, but
length, in consequence of the continued mururs of the Egyptians, he suffered him to be
it to death. (Herod. 161, &c., 169, iv. 159;
iod. i. 68; Athen. xiii. p. 560; Jerem. xxxvii. 5,7,
iv. 30, xlvi. 26; Ezek. xxix. 3; Joseph. Ant. x.
S7; AMASIS.) [P. S.]
APRO'NIUS. 1. C. APRONIus, elected one of
e tribunes of the plebs on the abolition of the
cemvirate, B. c. 449. (Liv. iii. 54.)
2. Q. APRONIUS, the chief of the decumani in
~ily during the government of Verres (B. c. 73 -), was one of the most distinguished for rapacity
d wickedness of every kind. (Cic. Verr. ii. 44,
9, 12, 21, 23.)

APSINES. 251
3. L. APRONIUS, consul suffectus in A. D. 8
(Fast. Capit.), belonged to the military staff of
Drusus (cohors Drusi), when the latter was sent to
quell the revolt of the army in Germany, A. D. 14.
Apronius was sent to Rome with two others to
carry the demands of the mutineers; and on his
return to Germany he served under Germanicus,
and is mentioned as one of the Roman generals in
the campaign of A. D. 15. On account of his services in this war he obtained the honour of the
triumphal ornaments. (Tac. Ann. i. 29, 56, 72.)
He was in Rome in the following year, A. D. 16
(ii. 32); and four years afterwards (A. D. 20), he
succeeded Camillus, as proconsul, in the government
of Africa. He carried on the war against Tacfarinas, and enforced military discipline with great
severity. (iii. 21.) He was subsequently the propraetor of lower Germany, when the Frisii revolted, and seems to have lost his life in the war
against them. (iv. 73, compared with xi. 19.)
Apronius had two daughters: one of whom was
married to Plautius Silvanus, and was murdered
by her husband (iv. 22); the other was married
to Lentulus Gaetulicus, consul in A. D. 26. (vi.
30.) He had a son, L. Apronius Caesianus, who
accompanied his father to Africa in A. D. 20 (iii.
21), and who waa consul for six months with Caligula in A. D. 39. (Dion Cass. lix. 13.)
APRONIA'NUS. 1. C. VIPSTANus AaRONIANUS, was proconsul of Africa at the accession
of Vespasian, A. D. 70. (Tac. Hist. i. 76.) He
is probably the same Apronianus as the consul of
that name in A. D. 59.
2. CAssius APRONIANUS, the father of Dion
Cassius, the historian, was governor of Dalmatia
and Cilicia at different periods. Dion Cassius was
with his father in Cilicia. (Dion Cass. xlix. 36,
Ixix. 1, lxxii. 7.) Reimar (de Vita Cassii Dionis
~ 6. p. 1535) supposes, that Apronianus was admitted into the senate about A. D. 180.
3. APRONIANUS, governor of the province of
Asia, was unjustly condemned to death in his
absence, A. D. 203. (Dion Cass. lxxvi. 8.)
4. APRONIANUS ASTERIUS. [ASTERIUS.]
A'PSINES ('A, insis). 1. An Athenian sophist, called by Suidas (s. v.; comp. Eudoc. p. 67)
a man worthy of note, and father of Onasimus, but
otherwise unknown.
2. A son of Onasimus, and grandson of Apsines
No. 1, is likewise called an Athenian sophist. It
is not impossible that he may be the Apsines
whose commentary on Demosthenes is mentioned
by Ulpian (ad Demosth. Leptin. p. 11; comp. Schol.
ad Hermog. p. 402), and who taught rhetoric at
Athens at the time of Aedesius, in the fourth century of our era, though this Apsines is called a
Lacedaemonian. (Eunap. Vit. Soph. p. 113, ed.
Antwerp. 1568.) This Apsines and his disciples
were hostile to Julianus, a contemporary rhetorician at Athens, and to his school. This enmity grew
so much that Athens in the end found itself in a
state of civil warfare, which required the presence
of a Roman proconsul to suppress. (Eunap. p. 115,
&c.)
3. Of Gadara in Phoenicia, a Greek sophist and
rhetorician, who flourished in the reign of Maximinus, about A. D. 235. He studied at Smyrna
under Heracleides, the Lycian, and afterwards at
Nicomedia under Basilicus. He subsequently
taught rhetoric at Athens, and distinguished himself so much that he was honoured with the con