A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

204 ANTIPHANES.
putation, that he confined himself to writing; whence
he was called ica\aluogdas. (Plnt. Mor. p. 514, d.;
Euseb. de Praep. Evang. xiv. 8.) He taught belief in God as " a Being blessed, incorruptible, and
of goodwill to men," and blamed those who ascribed to the gods "generation and corruption," which
is said to have been the doctrine of Chrysippus.
(Plut. de Stoic. Rep. p. 192.) Besides this treatise
" on the gods," he also wrote two books on Divination, a common topic among the Stoics, in which
he proved the truth of the science from the foreknowledge and benevolence of the Deity, explained
dreams to be supernatural intimations of the future,
and collected stories of divination attributed to
Socrates. (Cic. de Divin. i. 3, 20, 39, 54.) He is
said to have believed that Fate was a god, though
it is not clear what was implied in this expression
(Stob. de Fato, 16); and it appears from Athenaeus that he wrote a treatise entitled nepI AetaC6atiovias. (viii. p. 346.) Of his labours in moral
philosophy nothing remains but a few scattered notices, just sufficient to shew that the science had
begun to decline; the questions which are treated
being points of detail, and such as had more to do
with the application of moral precepts than with
the principles themselves: such as they were, however, he took higher ground in solving them than
his master Diogenes. (Cic. de Off. iii. 12, 13, 23.)
Compare Varro, de Ling. Lat. vi. 1. p. 184, Fragm,
p. 289, ed. Bip. [C. E. P.]
ANTI'PATER('AsTrtirarpos), of THESSALONICA,
the author of several epigrams in the Greek Anthology, lived, as we may infer from some of his epigrams, in the latter part of the reign of Augustus
(n. c. 10 and onwards), and perhaps till the reign
of Caligula. (A. D. 38.) He is probably the same
poet who is called, in the titles of several epigrams,
"Antipater Macedo." (Jacobs, Anthol. xiii. pp. 848,
849.) [P. S.]
ANTFPATER ('AveThrarpos). 1. Of TYRE, a
Stoic philosopher, and a contemporary of Cato the
Younger, whose friend Antipater is said to have
been when Cato was yet a young man. (Plut. Cat.
Min. 4.) He appears to be the same as the Antipater of Tyre mentioned by Strabo. (xvi. p. 757.)
2. Of TYRE, likewise a Stoic philosopher,
but unquestionably of a later date than the former, though Vossius (de Hist. Gr. p. 392, ed.
Westermann) confounds the two. He lived
after, or was at least younger than, Panaetius,
and Cicero (de Of. ii. 24), in speaking of him,
says, that he died lately at Athens, which must
mean shortly before n. c. 45. From this passage we must infer that Antipater wrote a work
on Duties (de Oficiis), and Diogenes Lairtius
(vii. 139, 140, 142, 148) refers to a work of Antipater on the Universe (epl i coJOovu), of which he
quotes the eighth book. [L. S.]
ANTIPHANES ('AvrtQlePes), of ARGOS, a
sculptor, the disciple of Pericleitus, and teacher of
Cleon. Since Cleon flourished n. c. 380, Antiphanes may be placed at 400 B. c. Pausanias
mentions several of his works, which were at Delphi, especially a horse in bronze. (Pausan. v. 17,
x. 9.) [P. S.]
ANTI'PHANES ('Aysrndva7S), of BERGA in
Thrace, a Greek writer on marvellous and incredible things. ('ArrLora, Scymnius Chius, 657, &c.)
From the manner in which he is mentioned by
Strabo (i. p. 47, ii. pp. 102, 104; comp. Polyb.
xxxiii. 12), it would seem that he wrote his sto

ANTIPHANES.

ries with a view that they should be believed as
history, and that consequently he was an impostor.
It was owing to Antiphanes that the verb Sep'ya'teitv was used in the sense of telling stories. (Steph.
Byz. s. v. Bepy-y, who however confounds our Antiphanes with the comic writer of Rhodes; comp.
Clem. Alex. Strom. i. p. 133; Phot. Cod. 166.)
Most writers agree in believing, that Antiphanes
of Berga is the same as the Antiphanes who wrote
a work on courtezans (repl Erarp&v)), and whom
some writers call Antiphanes the Younger. (Athen.
xiii. p. 586; Harpocrat. s. vv. Ndvvrov, 'Ayvricpa;
Suid. s. v. Ndviov.) [L. S.]
ANTIPHANES ('Av7tpcdvj), a coMIC poet,
the earliest and one of the most celebrated
Athenian poets of the middle comedy, was born,
according to Suidas (s. v.), in the 93rd Olympiad, and died in the 112th, at the age of 74.
But Athenaeus (iv. p. 156,c.) quotes a fragment
in which Antiphanes mentions " King Seleucus,"
and Seleucus was not king till 01. 118. 2. The true
explanation of the difficulty is in all probability
that suggested by Clinton, namely, that in this
instance, as in others, Antiphanes has been confounded with Alexis, and that the fragment in
Athenaeus belongs to the latter poet. (Clinton, in
the Philological Museum, i. p. 607; Meineke, Frag.
Com. i. pp. 304-7.) The above dates are given us
in Olympiads, without the exact years being specified, but we may safely place the life of Antiphanes
between 404 and 330 B. c., and his first exhibition
about B. C. 383.
The parentage and birthplace of Antiphanes are
doubtful. His father's name was Demophanes, or
Stephanus, probably the latter, since he had a son
named Stephanus, in accordance with the Athenian
custom of naming a child after his grandfather. As
his birthplace are mentioned Cios on the Hellespont, Smyrna, Rhodes, and Larissa; but the last
statement deserves little credit. (Meineke, i. 308.)
Antiphanes was the most highly esteemed writer
of the middle comedy, excepting Alexis, who
shared that honour with him. The fragments
which remain prove that Athenaeus was right in
praising him for the elegance of his language (pp.
27, 156, 168), though he uses some words and
phrases which are not found in older writers. (See
forexamples Meineke, i. p. 309.) He was one of the
most fertile dramatic authors that ever lived, for his
plays amounted, on the largest computation, to 365.
on the least to 260. We still possess the titles oi
about 130. It is probable, however, that some ol
the comedies ascribed to him were by other writers,
for the grammarians frequently confound him, nol
only, as remarked above, with Alexis, but als(
with Antiphon, Apollophanes, Antisthenes, anc
Aristophanes. Some of his plays were on mytho
logical subjects, others had reference to particula:
persons, others to characters, personal, professional
and national, while others seem to have beet
wholly occupied with the intrigues of private life
In these classes of subjects we see, as in all thi
comedians of the period, the gradual transition o
the middle comedy into the new. The fragment
of Antiphanes are collected by Clinton (Philo,
Mus. 1. c.), and more fully by Meineke (Fre,
Comiic. vol. iii.). He gained the prize 30 times.
Another Antiphanes, of Berge in Thrace, i
mentioned by Stephanus Byzantinus as a comi
poet (s. v. Bepy77); but this was the writer cite
by Strabo (p. 102) and Antonius Diogenes (aj