A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

198 ANTIOCHUS.
Joseph. Ant. xii. 3. ~ 3; Diod. Exc. pp. 573--
575, ed. Wess.; Strab. xvi. p. 744; Frbhlich,
Annales, p. 39; Eckhel, iii. p. 220, &c.) Apollo
is represented on the reverse of the foregoing coin.
ANTI'OCHUS IV. ('AvroXOs), king of SYRIA,
surnamed EPIPHANES ('Er(paevs), and on coins
Theos (eods) also, was the son of Antiochus III.,
and was given as a hostage to the Romans in B. c.
188. He was released from captivity in B. c. 175
through his brother Seleucus Philopator, who gave
his own son Demetrius in his stead. While
Antiochus was at Athens on his return to Syria
in this year, Seleucus was murdered by Heliodorus, who seized upon the crown. Antiochus,
however, with the assistance of Attalus easily
expelled the usurper, and ascended the throne in
the same year. (B. c. 175.) Demetrius remained
at Rome.
Cleopatra, the sister of Antiochus, who had
been betrothed to Ptolemy Epiphanes, was now
dead, and Antiochus therefore claimed the provinces of Coele-Syria and Palestine, which had
been given as her dowry. As the Romans were
at this time engaged in a war with Perseus, king
of Macedonia, Antiochus thought it a favourable
opportunity to prosecute his claims, and accordingly declared war against Egypt. In four campaigns (B. c. 171-168), he not only obtained
possession of the countries to which he laid claim,
but almost completed the conquest of Egypt, and
was preparing to lay siege to Alexandria, when a
Roman embassy commanded him to retire from
the country. This command he thought it most
prudent to obey, but he still retained possession of
Coele-Syria and Palestine. The cruelties which
Antiochus perpetrated against the Jews during
this war, are recorded in the books of the Maccabees, and have rendered his name infamous. He
took Jerusalem on his return from his second
campaign into Egypt (B. c. 170), and again at the
end of the fourth campaign (B. c. 168), and endeavoured to root out the Jewish religion and
introduce the worship of the Greek divinities; but
this attempt led to a rising of the Jewish people,
under Mattathias and his heroic sons the Maccabees, which Antiochus was unable to put down.
Lysias, who was sent against them with a large
army, was defeated; and Antiochus, who was in
the eastern provinces at the time, hastened his return in order to avenge the disgrace which had
befallen his arms. On his return he attempted to
plunder a temple in Elymais, probably the same as
his father had attacked, but was repulsed, and
shortly afterwards died at Tabae in Persia, in a
state of raving madness, which the Jews and
Greeks equally attributed to his sacrilegious crimes.
His subjects gave him the name of Epimanes
('Eirxpavns) in parody of Epiphanes ('Em(pavy).

ANTIOCHUS.
He died in B. c. 164, after a reign of 11 years.
He left a son, Antiochus Eupator, who succeeded
him, and a daughter, Laodice. (Liv. lib. xli.xlv.; Polyb. lib. xxvi.-xxxi.; Justin, xxiv. 3;
Diod. Exc. pp. 579, 583, &c., ed. Wess.; Appian,
Syr. 45, 66; Maccab. lib. i. ii.; Joseph. Ant. xii.
5; Hieronym. ad Dan. c. 11; Eckhel. iii. p. 222,
&c.) On the reverse of the foregoing coin Jupiter
is represented, holding a small figure of Victory in
his right hand, and a spear in his left.
ANTI'OCHUS V. ('AmTioXoe), king of SYRIA,
surnamed EUPATOR (Evhrdirwp), was nine years
old at his father's death, and reigned nominally
for two years. (B. c. 164-162.) Lysias assumed
the guardianship of the young king, though Antiochus IV. had appointed Philip to this office.
Lysias, accompanied by the young king, continued
the war against the Jews, and laid siege to Jerusalem; but hearing that Philip was marching
against him from Persis, he concluded a peace
with the Jews. He then proceeded against Philip,
whom he conquered and put to death. The Romans, availing themselves of the distracted state of
Syria, sent an embassy to enforce the terms of the
peace which had been concluded with Antiochus
the Great; but an insurrection was excited in consequence of these commands, in which Octavius,
the chief of the embassy, was slain. About the
same time Demetrius Soter, the son of Seleucus
Philopator, who had remained in Rome up to this
time [see ANTIOCHUS IV.], appeared in Syria and
laid claim to the throne. Lysias and the young
king fell into his hands, and were immediately put
to death by him, B. c. 162. (Polyb. xxxi. 12, 19;
Appian, Syr. 46, 66; Joseph. Ant. xii. 10; 1 Maccab. vi., &c.; 2 Maccab. xiii., &c.; Cic. Phil. ix. 2.)
Apollo is represented on the reverse of the annexed
coin, as in those of Antiochus I. and III. The inscription at the foot, ETIIATOPO-:, is partly cut off.

COIN OF ANTIOCHUS V.
ANTI'OCHUS VI. ('AvrloXos), king of SYRIA.
surnamed THEOS (0eo4), and on coins Epiphanes
Dionysus ('EmrVLavm s Aidvveos), was the son o:
Alexander Balas, king of Syria [see p. 114, b.]
and remained in Arabia after his father's death ir
B. c. 146. Two years afterwards (B. c. 144)
while he was still a youth, he was brought forwar(
as a claimant to the crown against Demetriu
Nicator by Tryphon, or Diodotus, who had bee,
one of his father's chief ministers. Tryphon me
with great success; Jonathan and Simon, th
leaders of the Jews, joined his party; and Antic
chus was acknowledged as king by the greate
part of Syria. But Tryphon, who had all alon
intended to secure the royal power for himself, an
had brought forward Antiochus only for this pui
pose, now put the young prince to death an
ascended the throne, B. c. 142. (1 Maccab. xi
&c.; Joseph. Antiq. xiii. 6, &c.; Strab. xvi. 1
752; Justin, xxxvi. 1; Liv. Epit. 55.) The rn

COIN OF ANTIOCHUS IV.