A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ALYPIUS.
foundation of great stones. It was erected by the
tradespeople, mechanics, and courtezans, and on
the top of it there were five pillars, which Herodotus saw, and on which were mentioned the different portions raised by each; from this it appeared that the courtezans did the greater part.
It measured six plethra and two stadia in circumference, and thirteen plethra in breadth. According to some writers, it was called the "tomb of the
courtezan," and was erected by a mistress of Gyges.
(Clearch. ap. Athen. xiii. p. 573, a.) This mound
still exists. Mr. Hamilton says (Researches in Asia
M'inor, vol. i. p. 145), that it took him about ten
minutes to ride round its base, which would give
it a circumference of nearly a mile; and he also
states, that towards the north it consists of the natural rock-a white, horizontally stratified earthy
limestone, cut away so as to appear part of the
structure. The upper portion, he adds, is sand
and gravel, apparently brought from the bed of the
Hermus. He found on the top the remains of a
foundation nearly eighteen feet square, on the
north of which was a huge circular stone ten feet
in diameter, with a flat bottom and a raised edge
or lip, evidently placed there as an ornament on
the apex of the tumulus.
ALY'PIUS ('Akuiros), the author of a Greek
musical treatise entitled eloaywy-j gjlovo-iK. There
are no tolerably sure grounds for identifying him
with any one of the various persons who bore the
name in the times of the later emperors, and of
whose history anything is known. According to
the most plausible conjecture, he was that Alypius
whom Eunapius, in his Life of lamblichus, celebrates for his acute intellect (o iaXesuriKrTarosS
'AAhTros) and diminutive stature, and who, being
a friend of lamblichus, probably flourished under
Julian and his immediate successors. This Alypius was a native of Alexandria, and died there at
an advanced age, and therefore can hardly have
been the person called by Ammianus Marcellinus
Alypius Antiochensis, who was first prefect of Britain, and afterwards employed by Julian in his
attempt to rebuild the Jewish temple. Julian
addresses two epistles (29 and 30) to Alypius
('JovAtavs 'AXnrri dse<py Kaoa'aplov), in one of
which he thanks him for a geographical treatise or
chart; it would seem more likely that this was the
Antiochian than that lie was the Alexandrian
Alypius as Meursius supposes, if indeed he was
either one or the other. Iamblichus wrote a life,
not now extant, of the Alexandrian.
(Meursius, Not. ad Alyp. p. 186, &c. c.; Julian, Epist. xxix. xxx. and not. p. 297, ed. Heyler;
Eunapius, Vit. lamblich. and not. vol. ii. p. 63, ed.
Wyttenbach; Amm. Marcell. xxiii. 1. ~ 2; De
la Borde, Essai sur la Musique, vol. iii. p. 133.)
The work of Alypius consists wholly, with the
exception of a short introduction, of lists of the
symbols used (both for voice and instrument) to
lenote all the sounds in the forty-five scales proSauced by taking each of the fifteen modes in the
three genera. (Diatonic, Chromatic, Enharmonic.)
It treats, therefore, in fact, of only one (the fifth,
lamely) of the seven branches into which the subect is, as usual, divided in the introduction; and
nay possibly be merely a fragment of a larger
vork. It would have been most valuable if any:onsiderable number of examples had been left us,f the actual use of the system of notation decribed in it; unfortunately very few remain (see

AMAESIA. 135
Burney, Hist. of Music, vol. i. p. 83), and they seem
to belong to an earlier stage of the science. However, the work serves to throw some light on the
obscure history of the modes. (See Bdckh, de
Metr. Pind. c. 8. p. 235, c. 9. 12.) The text,
which seemed hopelessly corrupt to Meursius, its
first editor, was restored, apparently with success, by the labours of the learned and indefatigable Meibomius. (Antiquae Musicae Auctores
Septem, ed. Marc. Meibomius, Amstel. 1652;
Aristoxenus, Nicomachus, Alypius, ed. Joh. Meursius, Lugd. Bat. 1616.) [W. F. D.]
ALY'PIUS ('A;Arrto), priest of the great
church at Constantinople, flourished A. D. 430.
There is extant an epistle from him to St. Cyril
(in Greek), exhorting him to a vigorous resistance
against the heresy of Nestorius. (See Conciliorum
Nova Collectio, a Mansi, vol. v. p. 1463.) [A.J.C.]
ALYPUS ('AXvros), a statuary, a native of
Sicyon. He studied under Naucydes, the Argive.
His age may be fixed from his having executed
bronze statues of some Lacedaemonians who shared
in the victory of Lysander at Aegospotami. (n c.
405.) Pausanias also mentions some statues of
Olympic victors made by him. (vi. 1. ~ 2, x. 9. ~ 4,
vi. 1. ~ 2, 8. ~ 3.) [C. P. M.]
ALYZEUS ('AAhvues), a son of Icarius and
brother of Penelope and Leucadius. After his
father's death, he reigned in conjunction with his
brother over Acarnania, and is said to have founded
the town of Alyzeia there. (Strab. x. p. 452;
Steph. Byz. s. v. 'AAv'eia.) [L. S.]
AMA'DOCUS ('AdMoicos) or ME'DOCUS
(M'Soecos), a common name among the Thracians.
It was also, according to Ptolemy, the name of a
people and mountains in Thrace. Pausanias (i. 4.
~ 4) speaks of an Amadocus who came from the
Hyperboreans.
1. King of the Odrysae in Thrace, was a friend
of Alcibiades, and is mentioned at the time of the
battle of Aegospotami, B. c. 405. (Diod. xiii. 105.)
He and Seuthes were the most powerful princes in
Thrace when Xenophon visited the country in B. c.
400. They were, however, frequently at variance,
but were reconciled to one another by Thrasybulus,
the Athenian commander, in B. c. 390, and induced
by him to become the allies of Athens. (Xen.
Anab. vii. 2. ~ 32, 3. ~ 16, 7. ~ 3, &c., Hell. iv.
8. ~ 26; Diod. xiv. 94.) This Amadocus may
perhaps be the same as the one mentioned by Aristotle, who, he says, was attacked by his general
Seuthes, a Thracian. (Pol. v. 8, p. 182, ed. Ghttling.)
2. A Ruler in Thrace, who inherited in conjunction with Berisades and Cersobleptes the dominions of Cotys, on the death of the latter in
B. c. 358. Amadocus was probably a son of
Cotys and a brother of the other two princes,
though this is not stated by Demosthenes. (Dem.
in Aristocr. p. 623, &c.) [CERSOBLEPTES.] Amadocus seems to have had a son of the same name.
(Isocr. Philipp. p. 83, d. compared with Harpocrat. s. v. 'ALdioKos.)
3. One of the princes of Thrace, who was defeated and taken prisoner by Philip, king of
Macedonia, B. c. 184. (Liv xxxix. 35.)
AMAE'SIA SE'NTIA is mentioned by Valerius Maximus (viii. 3. ~ 1) as an instance of a
female who pleaded her own cause before the praetor. (About B. c. 77.) She was called Androgyne, from having a man's spirit with a female
form. Compare AFRANIA and HIORTENSIA.