A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1026 DIOMEDES. DIOMEDON.
H. N. iii. 20; Justin, xii. 2.) The worship and of Christian parents. He lived at Tarsus for some
service of gods and heroes was spread by Diomedes time, and practised as a physician, but afterwards
far and wide: in and near Argos he caused temples removed to Nicaea in Bithynia, where he contiof Athena to be built (Plut. de Flum. 18; Paus. nued till his death. We are told that he practised
ii. 24. ~ 2); his armour was preserved in a temple with great success, and used to endeavour, whenof Athena at Luceria in Apulia, and a gold chain ever he had an opportunity, to convert his patients
of his was shewn in a temple of Artemis in Peuce- to Christianity. For his efforts in this cause he
tia. At Troezene he had founded a temple of Apollo was ordered to be brought before the emperor DioEpibaterius, and instituted the Pythian games cletian, who at that time happened to be at Nicothere. He himself was subsequently worshipped medeia in Bithynia, but died on his way thither,
as a divine being, especially in Italy, where statues about the beginning of the fourth century after
of him existed at Argyripa, Metapontum, Thurii, Christ. A church was built at Constantinoand other places. (Schol. ad Pind. Nem. x. 12; ple in his honour by Constantine the Great,
Scylax, Peripl. p. 6; comp. Strab. v. p. 214, &c.) which was afterwards adorned and beautified by
There are traces in Greece also of the worship the emperor Basil I. in the ninth century. He is
of Diomedes, for it is said that he was placed commemorated by the Romish and Greek churches
among the gods together with the Dioscuri, on the 16th of August. (Acta Sancd.; Bzovius,
and that Athena conferred upon him the immor- Nomenclator Sanctorum Professione Medicorum,
tality which had been intended for his father Carpzovius, de Medicis ab Ecclesia pro Sanctis haTydeus. It has been conjectured that Diomedes bitis; Menolog. Graecorum.) [W. A. G.]
is an ancient Pelasgian name of some divinity, who DIO'MEDON (Atmoe&L'wv), an Athenian comwas afterwards confounded with the hero Diomedes, mander during the Peloponnesian war, came out
so that the worship of the god was transferred to early in the campaign of B. c. 412, the first after
the hero. (Bickh, Explicat. ad Pind. Nem. x. the Syracusan disaster, with a supply of 16 ships
p. 463.) Diomedes was represented in a painting for the defence of Ionia. Chios and Miletus were
on the acropolis of Athens in the act of carrying already in revolt, and the Chians presently
away the Palladium from Troy (Paus. i. 22. ~ 6), proceeded to attempt its extension to Lesbos.
and Polygnotus had painted him in the Lesche at Diomedon, who had captured on his first arrival
Delphi. (x. 25. ~ 2, 10. ~ 2.) Comp. Brandstater, four Chian ships, was soon after joined by Leon
Die Gesch. des Aetol. Land. p. 76, &c. with ten from Athens, and the two commanders
2. A son of the great Diomedes by Euippe, the with a squadron of 25 ships now sailed for Lesbos.
daughter of Daunus. (Anton. Lib. 37.) They recovered Mytilene at once, defeating the
3. A son of Ares and Cyrene, was king of the Chian detachment in the harbour; and by this
Bistones in Thrace, and was killed by Heracles on blow were enabled to drive out the enemy and
account of his mares, which he fed with human secure the whole island, a service of the highest
flesh. (Apollod. ii. 5. ~ 8; Diod. iv. 15; Serv. importance. They also regained Clazomenae, and
ad Aen. i. 756.) Hyginus (Fab. 250) calls him a from Lesbos and the neighbouring coast carried on
son of Atlas by his own daughter Asteria. [L. S.] a successful warfare against Chios. (Thuc. viii.
DIOME'DES (Amtogy s), a Greek grammarian, 19-24.) In this service it seems likely they
who wrote a commentary or scholia on the gram- were permanently engaged until the occasion, in
mar of Dionysius Thrax, of which a few fragments the following winter, when we find them, on the
are still extant. (Villoison, Anecd. pp. 99, 126, recommendation of Peisander, who with his oligar172, 183, 186; Bekker, Anecd. ii.) He seems chical friends was then working for the recall of
also to have written on Homer, for an opinion of Alcibiades, placed in the chief command of the fleet
his on Homer is refuted by the Venetian Scholiast at Samos, superseding Phrynichus and Scironides.
on Homer (ad II. ii. 252). [L. S.] After acting against Rhodes, now in revolt, they
DIOME'DES, the author of a grammatical trea- remained, apparently, during the period of inaction
tise "De Oratione et Partibus Orationis et Vario at the commencement of the season of B. c. 411,
Genere Metrorum libri III." We are entirely subordinate to Peisander, then at Samos. Hitherignorant of his history, but since he is frequently to he had trusted them: their appointment had
quoted by Priscian (e.g. lib. ix. pp. 861, 870, lib. been perhaps the result of their successful operax. 879, 889, 892), he must have lived before the tions in Lesbos and Chios, and of a neutrality in
commencement of the 6th century. The work is party-matters: perhaps they had joined in his plan
dedicated to a certain Athanasius, of whom we for the sake of the recall of Alcibiades, and now
know nothing whatsoever. It is remarked else- that this project was given up, they drew back, and
where [CHARISIUS], that a close correspondence saw moreover, as practical men, that the overthrow
may be detected between the above work and of democracy would be the signal for universal revolt
many passages in the Institutiones Grammaticae to Sparta: Thucydides says that they were inof Charisius, and the same remark applies to fluenced by the honours they received from the
Maximus Victorinus. democracy. For whatever reason, they now, on
Diomedes was first published in a collection of Peisander's departure, entered into communication
Latin Grammarians printed at Venice by Nic. with Thrasybulus and Thrasyllus, and, acting
Jenson, about 1476. It is to be found in the under their direction, crushed the oligarchical conGrammaticae Latinae Auctores Antiqui of Puts- spiracy among the Samians, and on hearing that
chius, 4to. Hanov. 1605, pp. 170-527. For cri- the government of the Four Hundred was estabtical emendations, consult Scioppius, Suspect. Lect. lished in Athens, raised the standard of indepenand Reuvens, Collectanea Litteraria, Leyden, 1815. dent democracy in the army, and recalled Alcibiades.
See also Osann, Beitriige zur Griech. u. Rom. Lit. (viii. 54, 55, 73.)
Gesch. ii. p. 331. [W. R.] Henceforth for some time they are not named,
DIOME'DES, ST. (Ae6os1ns), a physician, though they pretty certainly were among the comsaint, and martyr, was born at Tarsus in Cilicia, manders of the centre in the battle of Cynossema,