Middle English Dictionary Entry
yift(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | yift(e n. Also yeft(e, yfte, ȝift(e, ȝifth(e, ȝihft, ȝiefte, ȝiefthe, ȝeft(e, ȝefth(e, gift(e, giffit, geft(e, (K) yefth(e & (in place names) -gifth, -guift, -set, -sech; pl. yiftes, etc. & yieftis, yeiftis, ȝiftus, ȝeiftus, gif(f)itis, guiftes, givetes & (errors) ȝyftos, ȝittes, gultes, wyftis. |
Etymology | OE gift, gyft; also cp. ON: cp. OI gipt. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) That which is given or offered; a gift, present; also iron.;—also coll.; maken ~ (of, yeven ~; neue yer ~, ?a small item to be given as a gift at New Year’s; yeres ~ [see yer n.(2) 2b.(c)];
(b) bi (in, of, to) ~, as a gift; fre (large) of yiftes, large in yiftes, generous; frenesse (largenesse) of yiftes, munificence.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)179 : Hii him ȝeue ȝeftes and faire hine grette.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4322 : Vayre ȝifte [vr. ȝyftys] he hom ȝef.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)502 : Þe forster for his riȝtes Þe left schulder ȝaf he…Houndes on hyde he diȝtes…Þe rauen he ȝaue his ȝiftes.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)120/20,23 : Huanne þe yefþe comþ propreliche and chenliche [read: clenliche] of þe welle of loue wiþ-oute prou…wyþoute drede, wyþ-oute enie dette, Þanne is hit ariȝt ycleped yefþe.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.5.17 : Ȝeue thou to an other the ȝiftus of thin hous.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8004 : Þar sal þou find a godd relike…Bituix þe midel erth and þe lift, Mai na man gife a richer gyft: Yee sal find þe wandes þar þat Moyses oft wit him bar.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2382 : Make thi yift debonairly.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.12.169 : For whiche thou yave me as a covenable yifte [L quasi munusculum], that is to seyn, that no wyght nis blisful but yif he be God also therwith.
- c1425 Glo.Chron.A (Hrl 201)p.296 : Hii wolde…þe louerd of þe hous quelle…And suþþe brenne al ys hous, as vor her scot ywys; Suche were þo þe ȝyftes [Clg: gistes] þat hyder come þo.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)538 : Ȝyfte of lytylle valew, as perys, appullys, or other lyke: Collibium.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)3/24 : I make you yifte of my litell laboure.
- (1446) Will York in Sur.Soc.45103 : De ij gros of neweȝere gyftes, ij s.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)1575 : Be nathan…‘Ȝyfth’ or ‘thynge ȝouyn’, is signyfyed.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)1270 : My lady yaf me al hooly The noble yifte of hir mercy.
- c1450(?a1402) *?Trev.Reg.Princ.(Dgb 233)16b/b : In distribucoun of ȝittes [read: ȝiftes] & catel & of good.
- c1475 Bk.Physiog.(Cmb Ll.4.14)225 : A rounde fforheed betokeneth a meke man in wordis, large in wyftis [Plim: ȝiftis], paciente in chidinge.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)17/23-4 : They…sente hym word they wold none of his yeftes, but that they were come to gyve hym yeftes with hard swerdys betwixt the neck and the sholders.
- a1500(a1400) Cleges (Adv 19.1.11)467 : Haue here sum strokys…Thowe haste the thyrd part of my yefte, As i the behight.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)139/33 : Atte that day of custume he yaue grete yieftis.
- a1500 Siege Jerus.(2) (Brog 2.1)85/476 : Abyde ȝe a whylle yf anny of þis lordys may dye or yf we may þem pleyse wytt ȝeyftus of owr treysovr.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1833 : Sir king of ȝiftes fre.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.3.9 : Þou shalt ȝeue by ȝifte leuytis to aaron & to þe sonys of hym.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.393 : Þe fader ȝaf hym to skilful largenesse and frenesse of ȝiftes.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.221 : Cato was greet in clennes of lyf and Iulius in largenesse of ȝiftes [L magnificentia].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.381 : Herodes Agrippa was…fre of ȝiftes [Higd.(2): liberalle; L liberalis].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.330 : On of hem schal sein What thing him is lievest to crave, And he it schal of yifte have.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7569 : Þi bodi sal i giue to gifte, To ete wit foghuls of þe lift.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2381 : Yeve it in yift al quyte fully.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)42/2 : Juno…asked him the cowe of yifte [vr. yfte].
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)150 : Yef euer ye haue be large of yeftes here be-fore, loke now that ye be larger hens-forth.
- a1500 St.Brendan Conf.(Lamb 541)20/374 : As þou art large in alle þi ȝiftis, þou wilt it be do largely.
1b.
Giving; the act of giving a gift or gifts; fre (large) of ~, generous in giving; unto your ~, subject to your will, within your power of giving; withouten ~, without an act of giving.
Associated quotations
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2336 : Þer was so mike yeft of cloþes.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)120/24 : Yefþe is yeuynge wyþoute ayen-yefþe, þet is wy[þ]-oute onderstondinge of ayenyefþe.
- 1372 ME Verse in Grimestone PB (Adv 18.7.21)p.11 : Children ben…fre of ȝifte.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.815 : He leseth foule his good that ne seketh with the yifte of his good no thyng but synne.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4712 : Hast thou be scars or large of yifte Unto thi love, whom thou servest?
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1168 : Large of yift and free was she.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)5081 : An hundrid were at his assent To scle Ector, that was his entent, And fro him toke with-oute ȝifft His noble stede.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.96 : Whedir þe grounde of ȝifte were good oþer ille, Trouthe haþe determyned þe tente to þe ende.
- a1500(a1450) Let.Marg.Anjou in Camd.86 (Add 46846)140 : We be enformed that the recordership of the cite of Coventre is like within shorte tyme to be voide, unto your disposicion and yefte.
2a.
(a) A grant or bequest of property or income; also, a dowry [1st quot.]; dede (lettre) of ~, a legal document transferring ownership of property; also fig.;
(b) graunten in fre ~, to transfer (property) quit of legal obligations; haven al clene of ~, hold (property) absolutely; haven in ~ of, hold (land) under the overlordship of (sb.); longen to (unto) ~, of a prebend: fall under (a person’s) authority to bestow; maken ~ of, bestow (property).
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1110 : Ðis wæs swiðe gedeorfsum gear her on lande þurh gyld þe se cyng nam for his dohter gyfte.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)202 : Þe fader was dead…He ȝaf Assarachus his sone seli þre castles…He held þe stronge castles þorh staþele his fader ȝiftes.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6629 : He…ȝef hom lond & rentes, & confermede al so Þe ȝiftes þat oþer kinges adde er iȝiue þer to.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9673 : He grantede ek þat a churche of þe kinges fe…ne ssolde iȝiue be…wiþoute þe kinges leue, & þat he oþer þe patron þe ȝifte verste ȝeue.
- (1415) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)46 : Y have ȝeven and ygraunded ȝow…al my good and catell specified and declared in a roll unto my forsaide lettre of ȝift and graunt attached.
- (1431-2) EEWills91/13 : Of all other godys that I have be-syde, I make a fre ȝefte to Will Seluester to selle, and to ȝeve for my soule.
- (1450) RParl.5.197b : Provided also that this present Acte…extende not…unto Thomas Derlyng and John Moore…of any Gift or Graunt made by us unto theym…of theyre Fees of Serjauntship atte Armes.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)202/6027 : For plegge ye left me…Woo for eche wille…I wolde…That bi a dede of yeft hit be home sent.
- (?1463) Paston (EETS)2.346 : Þat my master mad a dede of gift of all his goodes and catels to Master Prowet and Clement Paston and other.
- (1467) Paston2.567 : He sawe a wrictyng of a dede of yefte.
- (c1471) Paston (EETS)1.444 : Item, a box wyth the dede off gyfft off J.P.
- a1500 Partenay (Trin-C R.3.17)558 : Dedes therof make the cause ther-on be, Off the lordes yifte the encheson may se.
b
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8705 : He adde is moder eritage al clene of ȝifte al so.
- (c1421) Let.in Ellis Orig.Let.ser.3.175 : Ye Chirche of Hambury…longey [read: longeþ] to owr yifte.
- a1450 Pore of spirit (Dgb 102)62 : Of hous and land make wrongwys gyft.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)658/35 : Kynge Marsyll…had in gyffte an ilonde of sir Galahalte the Haute Prynce.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)334/18 : Petur fitz Gefrei gafe & grauntid to alice…in fre gifte all his londe þat he had in Garsindon.
- a1500(c1450) Let.Marg.Anjou in Camd.86 (Add 46846)136 : There is like, in shorte tyme, to voide a prebende in the ministre of Wymborne, longyng unto yor yefte and collocacion, as patron therof.
2b.
The bestowal of property or a title derived from property; also, the delegation of authority.
Associated quotations
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.279 : Ȝif auctorite was i-graunted to Austyn alone and nouȝt to his successoures, it were a symple ȝifte þat þe pope ȝaf Austyn.
- (1400) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)7.55 : He is lord of Clifton, Dertemouth, Hardenasse, the noun age of the childryn of Sire Gy de Bryan, be the ȝift of the Kyng Richard.
- (1427-8) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.72 : xl li. worth lande…whiche the same John…shal have of the yefte of the forsaide Hugh.
- (1429-30) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.79 : Edmund Wodcok is sesyd of ye manir of Acastir Malbys, of ye Gyffit and of ye fefment of Thomas Garton, person…and William Lynton…ye qwhilk manir ye saydys Thomas, person, and William had of ye Gyffit and of ye fefment e mang othir of ye sayd Edmund Wodcok.
- c1475(?c1451) Worcester Bk.Noblesse (Roy 18.B.22)22 : William Conqueroure descendid frome duc Rollo…that…was righte duke of Normandie by yeft of Charlys the symple, king of Fraunce.
- -?-(1467) Will in Som.RS 16198 : He claymeth londe of my graunt fadir is yifte.
3.
(a) A gift given in remuneration, a reward; a payment for services;
(b) a premium or profit as the equivalent of interest on a loan;
(c) a contribution of money, goods, etc. given in discharge of a feudal obligation, as tribute, etc.;—also coll.; also, property which can be paid in discharge of a fine [quot. a1400]; also, the satisfaction of an obligation [last quot.].
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)9294 : Þe eorl…bad echene ohte gome þat he solde to him come, for seoluer and for golde and for oþer ȝeftes gode.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.5.13 : Þe prest…takynge of hit a ful hanful shal brenne opon þe auter into þe mynde of hym þat offrede…Þat oþer forsoþe parte he shal haue in ȝift.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.333 : He wente in a tyme to wel faire strompet þat heet Lays…and Lays axede of hym a ȝifte þat sche cleped nummum quantum.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)12.104 : Thenne was ich…Gladder þan gleo-man þat gold haþ to gyfte.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)14.61 : Ȝut myghte þe merchaunt þorgh monye and oþer ȝeftes Haue hors and hardy men.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)456 : Sy[n]gynge ȝyfte, or reward for syngynge: Syparium.
- a1456 Marmaduke SSecr.(Ashm 59)209/15 : Þe prince þat giveþe…to hem þat…have deserved gifft or rewarde, he is large to him-self.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)18 : The fees of all estates, and of officers and housholde…as well of yeftes of money, fees of bestes, and also fees of other stuffe perused.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)2117 : Þe menstrales yn bour and halle Hadde ryche yftes wyth-alle.
- -?-(1435) Doc.in Power Craft Surg.312 : If ony profit or avauntage of gifte come to ony of the foure maistris, whethir it be thoruth callinge & visiting of ony persoone…or thoruth ony othir cause…that euermore it be departid in euene porciouns amongis hem iiij.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)35/12 : Hi wylleþ rekeny tuyes oþer þries þet yer uor to do arise þet gauel, and wylleþ yet habbe yefþes [Vices & V.(2): a profiȝt] aboue uor eche terme.
- c1429 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)1784 : Smale giftes named collibies wald thai vnto thaym drawe…And thus vndere thaire cloke thi couered vsure sleghly.
c
- a1300 PMor.(Jes-O 29)46 : Þer ne þarf he beon of-dred of yefte ne of yelde.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)2393 : Belyn hafde þe hostages and þe ȝeftes gode.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)2715 : Briggeþ me her riht gold, an garisome, ȝift, and ȝoure children.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6753 : If theif na gersum has ne gifte þat he mai yeild again his thift, He sal be saald.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5739 : Þei ȝaf tribut to þe emperour…With þese giftes…To quyte her dette to hym.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)538 : Ȝyfte, ȝove to a lorde or mayster at certeyne tymys: Nefrendicium.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)342/11 : Yeldyng yerely for all maner of seruyces, bothe of yiftes and helpes and relefis and all othere thyngis, xij d. at Estir.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)665/5 : They sholde have and holde hit…vtterly quyte…of scuage, yiftis, scottis, and workes of Castels and howses.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)107/263 : By that penye as well appent knowledge to bee obedyente to Rome, by gifte of such a rent, from that tyme after aye.
4.
(a) An offering made to God or a pagan deity; also, a condition or set of deeds dedicated to God [quots. a1450 & c1460];
(b) a charitable gift; alms; almesse ~;
(c) a donation made to a religious or secular institution; also iron.;
(d) ~ moneie, money given as a donation; of ~, as a donation; of the ~ of, donated by (sb.); of sire jones ~, donated by Sir John.
Associated quotations
a
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)44.14 : Þe folk shal praien þy semblant in ȝyftos [read: ȝyftes].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.14.7 : No bot ȝe shuln saye to me who etith these ȝiftis, ȝe shuln dye.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.5.23 : Ȝif thou offrist thi ȝift at the auter, and there shalt bythenke that thi brother hath sum what aȝeins thee, leeue there thi ȝift before the auter.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1684 : To Cupide I make a yifte.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)pp.96,101 : Þiir kinges com in…And menskid him wit giftes thre…bi thair ded wil crist us ken For to mensk him gastelye Wit giftes, als thai did bodilye.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10218 : Ilkan þan to þe temple broght, Sirekin gift after þai moght.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3446 : Venus…Whom þe Grekis…Honoured…With ȝiftes bringyng and with pilgrimage.
- a1450(?1404) As þe see (Dgb 102)182 : Werkys wiþoute discrecioun, Þat ȝifte pleseþ not god.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)144/4 : Þat blissid lady…was þe first þat made a vow to virginite and offred þat glorious yifte first of alle to oure lord.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)158/19 : The goddis only will be apeased by force of gyftes.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.64 : He takyȝt more heid to mannys herte þan to his ȝyfte.
b
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2466 : Elmesse-gifte and messe-song.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19060 : ‘Giftes [Phys-E: gifitis] ha we to þe nan’; He þam be-heild, bot wel wend he þai suld him giue sum charite.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28760 : Þe thrid almus es gift of hand.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)99/6 : Thos othre pouere men demyd that she wold yeve hym sum maner of gyftes for the loue of God.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)44/32 : To forȝeue the dede es a werke of counseyle or of hy almes-ȝifte [L supererrogacionis].
c
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2146 : Doun his hand he launcheth to the clifte, In hope for to fynde there a yifte.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.31/23 : A newe solempnyte was for obuencyouns and ȝiftes In money, In howseholde, In corne, and in meveable goodis grete nowmbyr.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)6227 : Fra þan forthe trew he helde, And many grete giftes gaue To his kirke.
- (1451-2) Doc.in Welch Hist.Pewterers Lond.16 : Yiftes and Bequestes: Item, receiued of the Executours of Nicolas Westwode…xvj li. viij s.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15160 : Resceytes of bequestes and gyftes to the seid cros of dyuers out of this church.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)28/11 : It makyth mension of the grete yftys that the seyd lordys indowyd the seyde churche.
d
- (1445) Acc.Yatton in Som.RS 481 : Gefte money that was y geve to the settyng of the newe howes tymbyr, Isbell Browne, iiij d.
- (1448) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 1213 : A sute of Blew imbroudyd wt gold…the whiche was of the gyfte of William Bates.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15146 : Item, j ympner…Gyffen in of the gyft of Sir Thomas ap Eynone.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15147 : Item, one old Portuous…of the gyft of Sir John Gower…and one super altar of the same Sir John ys gyft.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15148 : Item, one Masse boke of the geft of William Rowley.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15151 : Item, a payer of Vestementes of Red Damaske of the gifft of Elizabeth Scharpe.
- (1471) Acc.Walberswicke in Nichols Illust.[OD col.]p.187 : Tho. Nunn, the [?read: to] the bellis of ȝyft.
- (a1472) Acc.Bodmin in Camd.n.s.142 : Item, y recevyd of Harre Sturgen yeft mony, iiij d.
5a.
(a) That which is conferred by God, a pagan deity, fortune, nature, etc.; also, a personal faculty, attribute, or endowment; a naturel ~ to, something naturally accorded to (a social status); the ~ of bachus, wine;
(b) a spiritual benefit bestowed by God, the Holy Spirit, etc., a spiritual gift; the (seven) yiftes of the holi gost, etc., the seven spiritual gifts itemized in the Septuagint transl. of Is.11.2.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)897 : Þo hafde Brutus þe ȝeft þat Dyane him bi-hehte.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)24/11 : Of alle þise yefþes me ssel þonki god.
- c1390 Susan.(Vrn)276 : Grete god, of his grace, of gultes [vr. yeftes] vn-gnede…herde hir preyere.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.295 : Yiftes of fortune and of nature Been cause of deeth to many a creature.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.1309 : Hove out of mi Sonne, And let it schyne into mi Tonne, For thou benymst me thilke yifte Which lith noght in thi miht to schifte.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.103 : Euerich hath of god a propre yifte, Som this, som that, as hym liketh shifte.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)52/21 : Þey he [Godhead] multiplie ȝiftis, he is alwey impartibil.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17218 : Ask me þi will…For am i noght of giuetes gnede.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)21/7 : A naturel seruaund is he wos souȝle is vnable to haue þe ȝifte of discrecioun.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.5.7 : They ne coude nat medle the yift of Bachus to the cleer hony (that is to seyn, they coude make no pyement or clarree).
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.4.65 : Yif that honour of peple were a natureel yifte to dignytes, it ne myghte nevere cesen nowhere amonges no maner folk to don his office.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)prol.83 : Yiftis natural Hit is not smal to haue, as memorie.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)332 : Crist ȝaf mediatli (that is to seie, bi meene ȝiftis to his clergie) the endewing of immouable godis.
- a1450 Chauliac(4) (Cai 336/725)20/21 : If it hapnede him to heele wiþoute knowinge þerof, it were not of him silf, but a ȝifte of fortune.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)695 : There nys planete in firmament, Ne in ayr ne in erthe noon element, That they ne yive me a yifte echone Of wepynge whan I am allone.
- c1450(c1390) Chaucer Ven.(Benson-Robinson)41 : A lytel tyme his yift ys agreable…subtil Jelosie…Ful often tyme causeth desturbyng.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)2516 : Such a giffte God hath ham yeuen That bi the smelle thereof [apple] thei leven.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)35,36 : Hyr [Fortune’s] gyfftys…Be not but gyffytys off confusion.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)57/14 : It is no doubte that lordeship and seruage be stablischid by the lawe of reason and not by the yeftis of fortune.
b
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)71/304 : Ȝif us, lauerd, þet ilke ȝifte þet we hes ibeten þurh halie scrifte.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)17/23 : For þe seoue ȝiftes of þe hali gast, þet ich ham mote habben.
- c1250 Ure fadir þat hart (Cleo B.6)2 : [U]re fadir þat hart in heuene, halged be þi name with giftis seuene.
- (a1333) Herebert Come shuppere (Add 46919)3 : Þou…art cleped uor-spekere and ȝyft vrom god y-send.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)144/27 : Þe oþer [gift of the Holy Spirit] makeþ þe herte zuete and milde and piteus, and þeruore he hatte þe yefþ of pite.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 8.20 : Thou gessidist the ȝifte of God for to be had…by money.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.311 : Contricion…restoreth the yiftes of the holy goost.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.25/14 : O thou vngentle and vnkynde mane…that for the yeiftis of heuynly goodnes wilt nat comyne with the poremene of cryist.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)82 : Ȝif þis pardon be an heuenely ȝiefte & gostly, it schulde be ȝeuen frely.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)46/29 : Teerys wyth lofe is þe grettest ȝeft þat God may ȝevyn in erth.
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)116/1 : Seven gyftes of þe Hali Gaste er in men and wymen þat er ordaynd til þe joy of heven…wysdome, understandyng, cownsayle, strengh, connyng, pyte, and þe drede of God.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.9.5b : Þe ful vse of þis ȝihft may noman haue bute ȝihf he be first refourmed to þe liknes of ihesu.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.9.6a : Þouȝh a man whilk is actif haue þe ȝiefthe of hit by a special grace, neuerþeles, þe ful vse of hit may no man haue bote he be solitarie.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.36.22a : Here hertes melten in deuocioun…and þat is a gret ȝifþe of god.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)79/9 : Feere is a yefte of the Holy Goste.
5b.
The dispensation or bestowal of a benefit by God, the Holy Spirit, etc.; of here ~, in their power to bestow.
Associated quotations
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)69/254 : We ne maȝen þe fond from us driue…bute hit beo þurh godes ȝifte.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)220 : He haþ power Þurw ȝifte of god.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)135/12 : Al hit is of klene grace and of yefþe and naȝt of him, al þet god him zent.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)11320 : Twelue poyntes þyr are yn shryfte, And twelue graces of here ȝyfte.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.12.188 : I have schewed the the thing that is grettest over alle thinges, by the yifte of God.
- a1450 Of alle þe ioyus (Cmb Dd.11.89)34 : Of thi self ne commuth ther nowte Bot of ȝefte thoru grace of the holy goste.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.4.3a : Þe first lith in cnowynge of god & of gostly þynges geten bi reson…bi þe special ȝifte of þe holy gost.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)113b/a : If it be þanne heelid…it comeþ more of þe ȝifte of god þan of ony craft or worchinge of mannys handis.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.342 : Þe emperour of Rome hadde no rith to þe lordchepe þat he occupyyd but only be þe ȝifte of God & be þe swerd.
6.
A gift given in expectation of a desired response; an inducement; a bribe; also, bribery; also in fig. context [last quot.]; yer(es ~, a payment or bribe repeated annually.
Associated quotations
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2325 : I nam no þef, To breke mi treuþe oȝain mi lord…No schal y neuer, for loue no ȝift, Wiþ mi bodi don vnriȝt!
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)68/56 : Sone so a persoun is ded…Þanne shal þe patroun haue ȝiftes anon; Þe clerkes of þe cuntre wolen him faste wowe.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)10/29 : Þe kueade tocnen wyþoute þet byeþ ymad uor to draȝe zenne, ase byeþ kueade wordes…oþer yefþes oþer kueade takinges.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.40.12 : Alle ȝifte & wickenesse shal ben don awei.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Amos 5.12 : Y knewe ȝour manye grete trespassis…enmyes of the iust, takynge ȝiftis, and beringe doun pore men in the ȝate.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17506 : Þai…coniurd þaim, be godds law, þis words neuer mar to scau, þat þai þam tald had o iesu ‘þir giftes [Göt: guiftes] þar-for giue we ȝow.’
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4673 : What wiþ ȝifte [LinI: ȝefþe], what wiþ queyntise, Alle he wan hem to his seruyse.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.89 : Þat fuyr shal…forbrenne…Þe hous…of hem þat desiren To haue ȝeftis [vr. or ȝeresȝeftes; B vr. ȝereȝiftes] for here seruice.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)313/19 : Þou schuldist not ȝeue hem [prelacies] for no fayre wordis, ne for to plese creaturis, ne for ȝiftis, but oonly for vertu.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)500 : I wolde men shulde to geftes take no hede That lettith oure thinge publique for to spede.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)640 : I…Choppe and chonge wyth symonye, And take large yeftys.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)4/23 : Þer schall be no pleder helpe, ne gold, ne syluyr, ne othyr yftes.
- a1500 Gifte hys (StJ-C B.15)9 : Ȝeft is Domesman, & gyle is chapman.
7.
A vow, a promise, an assurance; yeven a ~.
Associated quotations
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1000 : I…gif a gift here to God and to his gode moder, þat oþer lud, whil I live, schal I love never.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1114 : Nay, fader, god I yive a yifte That toward love, as be mi wit, Al ydel was I nevere yit.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)85 : Þerfore gyffes he a gyfte Þat if he euer couere myghte…Þat he scholde qwyte hym þat dynt.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)163 : Þe lady hase gyffen a gyfte…Þat scho schall neuer mare wone In stede, with hir ȝonge sone, Þer dedez af armez schall be done…Bot in þe wodde schall he be.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)1121 : Be my dussepers ouercom, to god a ȝyfte y ȝeue, Ne schal I neuer worschyp god, whyles þat y leue.
8.
Associated quotations
- c1425 Wycl.Concord.in Spec.43 (Roy 17.B.1)271 : In Englisch as in Latyn ben wordis synonemus…as ‘kirke’ & ‘chirche’…‘clepe’ & ‘calle’, ‘ȝyue’ & ‘gyue’, ‘ȝift’ & ‘gift’.
9.
(a) Error for thefte n.;
(b) error for giste n.(3) [cp. ale n. 4.];
(c) error for geste n.(1).
Associated quotations
a
- a1400 Spec.Chr.(1) (Hrl 7322)331 : Lust hath leue; ȝift [Lnsd: thef; vr. thefte] is reue; prude hath sleue.
- a1450 SLeg.MPChr.(StJ-C B.6)2048 : Of þritty pens of tyþing he þouȝt to hym wold han iwent þorwȝ his ȝifte, as he was woned, of Marye is oynement.
b
- (1378) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)4.16 : [An] alegift [worth 4 d.].
c
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)47.12 : That ȝe tell godis goednes in a nother kynde, that is, til all that will here the giftis [Sid: gestis], of halymen, forto folow thaim.
10.
In place name [see Smith PNElem. 1.200].
Associated quotations
- (1104-6) EPNSoc.31 (West Riding Yks.) ()11 : Witegift.
- (1164-1209) EPNSoc.31 (West Riding Yks.) ()11 : Witegifth.
- (1221) EPNSoc.31 (West Riding Yks.)11 : Wigtset, Wigesech.
- (1314) EPNSoc.31 (West Riding Yks.) ()11 : Whitegeft.
- (1362) EPNSoc.31 (West Riding Yks.) ()11 : Wytgift.
- (1370) EPNSoc.31 (West Riding Yks.) ()11 : Whiteguift.