Middle English Dictionary Entry
weien v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | weien v.(1) Also wei(e, wein, weigh(en, weiȝ(e(n, weihen, weghe, wegge, weȝe(n, wai(e, wi(e, whane, veien, (N) whe, (early) weȝan & (errors) weiew, gey; sg.2 weiest, etc. & weist; sg.3 weieth, etc. & weith(e, weis, weȝth, (K) wecth & (early) weiȝþ, weihþ, weheð; pl. weien, etc. & wein; ppl. weiing(e, etc. & weing(e, weiying; p. weied(e, etc. & weiit, weid(e, wehed, (N) wheihed & wei(e, weigh, weiȝ, weghe, weȝ, wai(e, waiȝ, waugh, (N) woghe; pl. weieden, etc. & weid(e(n, wedin, wehed, waide, (early) wæiden & weie, weiȝe, (early) weȝe; ppl. weied, etc. & iweied, i)weiet, i)weid, weheed, (N) wowed, (early) iwæȝed & weien, i)wei(e, iwheie, wein, weiȝe(n, iweȝe, wawin, wowin, wowon, woun, (early) iwæiȝen. |
Etymology | OE wegan (p. wæg, pl. wǣgon, ppl. wegen) & wecgan. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. awecgan v., aweien v.
1a.
(a) To perform or supervise the weighing of goods or commodities; ~ the werse, weigh dishonestly, give wrongful weight;
(b) to ascertain the weight of (sth.) by means of a balance or similar device; ben weied bi weght, of a commodity: be weighed by a certain standard unit of weight; ~ with, weigh (sth.) by balancing it against (a counterweight of set amount);
(c) to pay out or dispense (money, coins, payment, etc.) by weight, weigh out; ~ oute (up); ~ treuth, ?weigh out an honest weight, weigh honestly;
(d) of God the Creator: to measure out (the waters of the world), mete out.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1105 : Libra…hath…resemblance Unto a man which a balance Berth in his hond as forto weie.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)5.118 : Wykkidly to weiȝe [vrr. weygh, wey, weyn] was my ferste lessoun.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)5.131 : Þe pound þat heo weid [vr. weyȝed] by peisid a quarter more Þanne any aunsel dede.
- (1420) EEWills46/27 : I ȝeve to…William a beme þat y weye þer-with…also iij c of ledyn wyȝtis.
- (1429) RParl.4.349a : Please…to ordein…yat yer be in everi…Town a comyn balance with comyn weiȝtis…at ye which balances…al ye dwellers of the same…Town…may freli weie, withoute ony more payment…wheroffe ye weiȝtis shal be mayntenyd, and ye Officer trewli weiyng rewardid, bi ye discretion of ye hedis of ye same…Town.
- a1450(1410) This holy tyme make (Dgb 102)51 : That clippen money, þey haue þe curs…Here waȝtes, þat þey waye þe wors.
b
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)213 : Gif hit chepinge be, þe me shule meten oðer weien, þe sullere doð narewere þane he sholde and te biggere rumluker þan he sholde.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)44/27 : Þet þing þet me ssel weȝe sseweþ more heuy [Vices & V.(2): þe heuyer…þan it is].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 14.26 : He weiede [WB(2): weiȝide; L ponderabat] þe heris of his heuyd wiþ two hundrid cicles bi þe comun weiȝte.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)332b/b : Þe þing in þe whiche a þing is y-weye is y-cleped a wight, and som tyme þe þing þat is y-weye…is y-cleped a weighte.
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.70 : And doþ to wetynge, þat ech manere good…þat…be y-lad by-þinne þe power of þe towne to selle…by whas wyȝte hit be y-weye…and whos good þat hit be.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)10.273 : When…þe woolle worth weye [vrr. ywey, i-weied], woo ys þe þenne.
- c1410 Trev.Higd.(Add 24194)3.207 : He lete weie þe hameres.
- (1429) RParl.4.349a : It was ordeinid…yat…Woll…boȝt or sold, be weied be ye balance, so yat ye tunge of ye balance encline not to on party, ne to ye oyer, with weiȝtis acelid…and he yat doy ye contrarie to damage of ye seller, shal forfete to ye Kyng, ye value of ye godis so weied.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)189 : Ȝif it be such maner merchaundyse that be seld and weyen by the c, as brasyle, alom, almondys, rys…for every c, iiij d.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)22/15 : He…gat hym þe same ston þat fel up-on hir bakke & way it.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)520 : Weyd, or wowon [Win: wawyn]: Ponderatus, libratus.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)533 : Wowyn, or weyyd: Ponderatus, libratus.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)925 : Wrath schal hym wrekyn and weyin hys ware.
- (1461) Plea & Mem.R.Lond.Gildh.24 : Oliver weied the said gere, and told hym that he wold no more yeve for it but iij li.
- (1476) Stonor2.5 : Thomas did write to me that I shuld shippe…the ij pokets woll…And whan I have weyyde heme to…pay…to the weyor ffor every sake j d.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.195 : Vsure is a wynnynge…don mest comonly in þingis of numbre, of whyȝte & of mesure, as in monye þat is teld, in gold & syluer & oþir metal þat is weyn, in corn, olee & wyn þat is mesuryd.
- a1500 Weights in RHS ser.3.41 (Vsp E.9)13 : Lede ys sold by the fudder…Also woll is weyd by this weyght, butt itt is nott rekynnyd soo, for ytt is bowght odyr by the Nayle, or the Stone, or the Todde, or els the Sakk.
- c1613(1469) Plumpton Let.21 : I have a counterpais, wheith of the wheight stone that the wooll was weyed with.
c
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)17/15 : Ðas fif wittes…tacniþ ða fif gildenene besantes ðe ðe hlauerd betahte his þralle…He wile hes habben wel imotet, and bi rihte wæiȝe wel i-wæiȝen, and wel imered gold.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)203/7 : Absalones schene wlite…salde…þe her þet he kearf of for twa hundret sicles of seoluer iweiet.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Zech.11.12 : Thei weyȝiden [L appenderunt] my meede, thritti platis of syluer.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1298 : This chanoun…of that coper weyed out [vr. weyed vp] but an ounce.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)5.132 : Þe pound…peisid a quarter more Þanne any aunsel dede, & I weiȝede [vrr. weyede, weye, waye, wey, way, weygh, waugh; C vr. wayed] treweþe.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Job 28.15 : Gold ful cleene schal not be ȝouun for wisdom, nether siluer schal be weied [L appendetur] in the chaungyng therof.
- a1450 Bonav.Medit.(5) (Pep 2125)4/146 : My prys they haueth ywheye in the wyght of thrytty pens, for the whiche Y am presid and sold of hem.
d
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Job 28.25 : God…weiede watris in mesure.
1b.
Fig. (a) To weigh (sb., a soul, one’s deeds, etc. in or as in a balance) to determine worthiness of divine punishment or reward, damnation or salvation; weigh (the soul) on the divine balance at the Day of Judgment;
(b) to dispense (love, largesse, etc.) as if by weight, apportion.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)63 : Þer me scal ure werkes weien [Eg(1): weȝen; Trin-C: weiȝen; Dgb: weȝe] bi-foran þe heuen king.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.129 : Þou art i-weye [Higd.(2): weiede] on a balaunce and i-founde þat þou hast lasse; þat is, þou leuest lasse while þan þou wendest.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.265 : ‘We haveþ,’ quod þe fende, ‘i-weie [vr. weyed; Higd.(2): weiȝede; L Libravimus] Charles his soule [Higd.(2): dedes; L facta], but…Iame of Spayne…leyde so meny stones and trees in þe…balaunce þat þat Charles his goode dedes hadde þe maistrie…and so we haveþ…not i-brouȝt aȝen wiþ us.’
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)1.152 : Þe same mesour ȝe mete amys oþer ellis, Ȝe schuln be weiȝe [vrr. weyȝen, wey] þerwiþ whanne ȝe wende hennes.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Job 31.6 : God, weie me in a iust balaunce and knowe my symplenesse.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3187 : I am Veritas…I am euere at mans ende; Whanne body and sowle partyn atwynne, Þanne wey I hys goodys dedys and hys synne, And weydyr of hem be more or mynne He schal it ryth sone fynde.
- a1450 Rev.HWoman (Lngl 29)84/837 : Þer came a fayr lady and a fayr yonge man with hyr…And he broȝt wheyes in his hand…And þan sho spake…‘take þis womman and let hyr be weyet.’
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)152/15 : Feendes…shewed vn-to hym all is liff, from ys childehode vn-to þat tyme, and weyden þem in a balaunce.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14454 : Wold god all yll þat euer I wroyȝt and þer bales þat I here byd ware both in a payre of balans broyȝt forto [be] wowed [vr. be weheed].
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)298/18 : All his…ill dedis war weyed in a weyscale with his gude dedis.
- c1450 Marion ABC (Arun 168)94 : Blissyd lady…Whan Mighell þe balaunce bryngyth…My soule to wey, þan put y me vnder your cure, Me to save fro that endelesse fyer.
- a1475(a1400) Man ȝyf þat (Hrl 3954)413 : Ye soule was brout a forn ye dom And xuld be wowyn al a sum; Hys wyckyd dedes were so fele He drowyn doun ye soule to ye scele.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.250 : ‘Techel’ is to seye þu art wown in a belaunce.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)379 : ij aungills, a good and a bad…wedyn in ballaunce his werkes, boþe good and bad.
b
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.256 : In love of mannis soule, wiseli weyed as it shulde be, stondiþ al þe mede of man.
- a1450(1400) Eche man be war (Dgb 102)14 : Make vnyte ther was distaunce; Weye o lawe in euenhede Bytwen ffauour and vengeaunce.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)221/18 : Iustice and liberaltee be two vertus that ouerseeth the rewardes and largesses and weyeth thaim by mesure egallye according to right.
2a.
(a) To have weight; have substantial weight;—usu. with adj. or adv. complement; ~ gret, of one’s purse: be heavy with coins, be full; ~ hevi, be heavy; of the eyelids: be heavy with drowsiness; ~ lightere (more), weigh less (more); ~ (righte) wel, be heavy, weigh a lot; of one’s purse: be heavy with coins, be full; ppl. weiinge as adj.: heavy [quot. a1500(?a1425)];
(b) to weigh (a specified amount or weight);
(c) of a unit of measure or weight, a standardized coin or commodity: to be equivalent to (an amount of weight specified in other units);
(d) of the contents of one scale of a balance: ~ doun (up), to cause (the contents of the other scale) to fall (rise); ~ doun a pounde, outweigh a pound weight, weigh more than a pound.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)119/6 : Þenne mei þe þe up haldeð hit felen hu hit weieð [Nero: weihð; Tit: weheð].
- ?a1300 Fox & W.(Dgb 86)237 : The wolf…way sumdel…Þe wolf gon sinke, þe vox arise.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)140/2 : Þe more þet þet gold is clene, þe more hit wecþ.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.207 : Oon of the hameres weiede [vr. wey] tweie so moche as anoþer; þat oþer weyed [vr. weyȝ] oþer half so moche as þat oþer.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)241b/a : A pere…is heuyere þan oþer fruyte, and so fewe peres weyeth heuyere þan many apples.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)252/11 : A malliet…schal be made of lede…þat it weie the more [Ch.(1): ponder more].
- (1438) Doc.in Welch Hist.Pewterers Lond.11 : Artificers…haue do to be forged & made vessel weinge liȝter or heuier þan þei out to wey.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)2021 : The clobe wheyhed reghte wele.
- c1440 St.Chris.(Thrn)364 : The childe swa heuy woghe Þat ofte-sythes one knees he hym droghe.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)276/136 : A syr! yhe whe wele!
- c1450(?a1370) Winner & W.(Add 31042)162 : His purse weghethe full wele that wanne thaym all hedire.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)40/29 : He þat schal sille doþ gile on þe þing þat he wole sille, wher-þurgh it weyȝeþ þe heuyer…þan it is.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)159/4737 : So hevy gan myn eye-liddis way, That…into a slepe y fille.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4941 : To Thomas Valys sone…vj s. viij d. for recompence of a pece veyed more than my dewte cam to.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)699 : Ther ys to moche cloth, yt weys as ony lede.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)71/11 : Ley vpon þy wombe an hoot sherte and weyand [Ashmole: hevy].
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)177 : Synne is…hevy, and weythe mor than lede; for…synne…þrillid [read: þrillith] alle the erþe and Restithe not or it come to helle.
- a1500 In a mornyng of May (Cmb Ff.5.48)104 : Wymmen…I fynde non so gode…but a man may change hir mote, if his purse wey grete.
- a1500 Weights in RHS ser.3.41 (Vsp E.9)16 : The poke ys att no serteyne, butt aftre as ytt weys.
b
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)73/1424 : A dede Beues binde to a ston gret, þat weȝ seue quarters of whet.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.454 : Hir couerchiefs…weyeden [vrr. weiden, weyȝede; wer worth] ten pound.
- (1420) EEWills46/2 : I ȝeve to Kateryne Lewys my seruaunt…a spyce disshe of seluer…þat weyyth xj ounsus & i quarter.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.24.22 : The man brouȝte forth goldun eere ryngis weiynge [L appendentes] twei siclis.
- (1438) Acc.Bk.Carpenter Co.2 : For iij doz. platers and iiij doz. dysches, xxv saunsers…weyng viijxx and xviij lb.
- (1442) Doc.in Nicholl Ironmongers527 : Maister Addyrle…gave the grete gilte cuppe…weiying by troy weight xlix youns, to do us worshippe.
- (1443) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 827 : They had ij torches that wayde xlvi li.
- (1443) Will York in Sur.Soc.30134 : I bequethe to Rauf Willughby my sone…xij sponys of silver, that weyn a pound of troy…also a gilt pece covered that weyth a pounde, two unces…also a basyn with an ewer…that weyen iij pounde and half.
- (1446) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 855 : Of ryscharde Kilbarde, a posenet that wyeyt xi li. and iij qr.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)15331 : Toby toke…ten talentes of gold…vii c and xx libras weyd [vr. wehed] þei.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15161 : Of Nycholas Browne, j spon weighing iij quarters of an vnce.
- (1474) Let.Christ Ch.in RS 85.3272 : The Botons to youre pouche waye 1 ounce and half quarter wyght.
- (1475) RParl.6.140b : Thees been the parcels of the Goodes…of Otys Phillipp…iiii peces of Tynne veying i m li., [etc.].
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)82a/a : Make of hem trosisci þat ech weiȝe j [scruple].
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)5914 : If a stoone in heuene wore Þat weied a þowsand pounde and more…It bihoueþ to take seuene ȝere Or þat it come to grounde here.
c
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)11/12 : Se sester sceal weȝan twa pund be sylfyrȝewyht.
- a1325 *Rwl.Statutes [OD col.] (Rwl B.520)lf.43b : Of al hol bred þe furþingwort sal weie a coket ant an half.
- (c1350) Doc.Oxf.in OHS 73134 : Þe ferþyng symnel shal weye lasse þan þe wastell by ii s., for hit is y soden.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.85 : Þere is thre manere of talentes, þe leste weyeþ fifty pound, þe moste two and seventy pound.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.135 : Numinasmata is a manere weiȝte…and weieþ sixty cicles.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)330a/b : Emina weyeþ a pounde, and suche tweyne makeþ sextarius.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)82/13 : A stater…weyeþ half an vnce.
- (1411-12) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.120167 : Memorandum…touchant payne demayn wastelles and symnelles, that thai sall weghe lesse then the basterd symnelles vj s. in the halpeny and iij s. in the peny.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)199a : A scripule weyeþ a peny; þre scripules beþ a dragme.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)15335 : Ylke talent of þo…weyd [vr. Wehed] xx libras and two.
- a1486 Assize Bread in Archaeol.57 (Mrg M 775)59 : It is to wite that on peny rounde…owe to weye xxxij whete cornes in the middes of the ere…And when a quarter of whete is solde for xij pens, the wastell of a ferthinge white and wel sodyn schal weye vj pounde & xv s…The loof of all corne schal weye two coketes when whete is solde for xviij pens.
- a1500 Weights in RHS ser.3.41 (Vsp E.9)12 : To have knowlych of Troy Weyght ye schall understand that xxx d. whyche were coynyd and made of sylver…wey an unce; and xii unces make a lb. of Troy.
d
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.7 : Þe stoon was leide in a balaunce, and he weieþ [vr. wayȝ] up al [Higd.(2): weiede alle thynges downe] þat me myȝte leie aȝenst hym in þe oþer side, forto me leide a litel cley…in þe balaunce in þe oþere side…þat wey up þe stoon liȝtliche i-now.
- c1410 Chaucer CT.Prol.(Cmb Dd.4.24)A.454 : Hire kerches…I durst swere they weyed doun a pound.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)298/21 : Laurens broght a grete hevy pott of gold And…kest it in-to þe tother weyscale & it was hevyar & weyed all down.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)4/21,23 : Þis smal precyous ston…leyd in a scole…was so heuy þat nothing, leyd in þe oþer scole, were it neuere so heuy, myȝte weyin it vp, But whanne þere was cast on þat ston…a lytel…duste of erthe, þe lyȝtest thyng þat myȝt be leyd in þe oþer skole weyid it vp.
2b.
Fig. (a) To have weight (in the divine balance); specif. have sufficient moral weight so as to attain divine reward or salvation; ~ ayen, have sufficient moral weight to prevail against (the devil with his scales); ~ more than, of actions: outweigh (other actions in the divine balance); ~ to litel, have insufficient moral weight (in the divine balance);
(b) of ill-gotten goods: to weigh (sb.) down (as a weight in a balance); ~ doun, of the devil, sins: weigh (sb.) down; of evil deeds: outweigh (good deeds); ~ up, cause (sb.) to rise (in the divine balance);
(c) to be burdensome; burden (someone’s life), oppress, weigh down; ~ up (hevi upon), lie heavy upon (one, the soul), weigh upon.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)91/14 : Loue is þe wyȝte ine þe balance…uor non oþer þing ne may weȝe, huanne me comþ to nime ech his ssepe, bote loue and charite.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.267 : In þe weie and balaunce…Charles his goode dedes hadde þe maistrie and weie [vrr. weyede, weyȝe] more [Higd.(2): be more hevy; L præpondaverunt] þan his evel dedes.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)23/28 : Þi grucching weihiþ more þan doth þi seruyse.
- (?a1430) Hoccl.MG (Hnt HM 111)18 : Welle of pitee…Ful of swetnesse, helpe me to weye Ageyn the feend, þat with his handes tweye…plukke wole at the balance.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.250 : God schal þan askyn of us rekenynge…al our dedys…aftir þat it weyn, it schul ben rewardyd…‘Techel’ is to seye…in a belaunce…þu weyst to lityl.
b
- (?a1430) Hoccl.MG (Hnt HM 111)21 : The feend…with his handes tweye…plukke wole at the balance To weye vs doun.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2628 : Whanne þou art ded and in þe erthe leyd vndyr, Mysgotyn good…schal þe weyen as peys in pundyr Þi sely sowle to bryngyn in bende.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)66/1 : All her good dedes were putte in that other balaunce…but…her…euell dedes…weyed downe and ouercame her good dedes.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)7.17 : He…likyd to be seruaunte of syn, swa that his synn weghe him down, that he neuer rise til the rist of heuen.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)221/4 : When alle his synnys wern layde on þe balans and was nygh ouercomyn, then come…thylke brennet dekon, and layde a grete pote on þe wey, þe whech anon weyit vp al togedyr.
c
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)23/24 : Þe charche ob bondage weyith heuy vp on my nekke.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)175/5253 : Told y it yow, wold ye it so diskeuer, And make of it a skoffe or yet a play In which percas my lijf so myght it way.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)297/17 : As þe schypman often castyth out watyr of þe schyp as often as it comyth in, and ellys þe schyp schulde peryssche, So, euery day…wyth schryfte…castyth oute ȝoure synnes, for ellys it welyn weyin vp ȝoure soule.
3.
Fig. (a) To be of a certain relative importance, significance, power, or substance; also, convey a certain relative appearance of substance or importance, have influence; ~ not half a mite ayen, be of very little importance or substance in comparison with (sth. else); scarsli ~ a mite, scarcely exist at all, be slight or insubstantial;
(b) ~ more toward (to…ward), of God’s mercy: to be weighted more toward (sb.), be inclined toward.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3423 : Thy regne is doon, thow weyest [vrr. weist, waiest] noght at al.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.367 : Yet is it…dedly synne whan the loue of any thyng weyeth [vrr. weyeþe, wegheth, veyeth] in the herte of man as muche as the loue of god or moore.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4412 : Manye of these Lovers…love a lyte, That scarsly wolde it weie a myte, Yit wolde thei have a pound again.
- a1450 Ch.Feasts (Roy 18.A.10)180 : Þi hert weyeþ not half a myte Ageyn þe lyf þat lastiþ ay.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)4/25 : Ȝe weyin now in mennys hertys, in dreed of ȝoure myȝt, more þan all þe world, for all þe world dare noȝt wythstonde ȝou.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)87/7 : All othir naturall thyngis weyin mor [F sont…plus pesantes] in the olde men than in the yong.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)170/22 : Misericordia superexaltat iudicium…his mearci toward us [Pep: to vs ward] weieð eauer mare þen þe rihte nearewe.
4.
(a) To examine (sth.) so as to assess it, consider; contemplate (purgatory, an exemplary tale), deliberate on (sth.) in order to come to a conclusion; also, reflect upon (an event) in a text, elaborate upon [1st quot.]; ?become wise or discerning regarding (sth.) [2nd quot.];
(b) to ponder the force of (one’s words, speech, sins of the tongue, etc.), speak carefully or discreetly; also, compose (one’s verse) according to a certain measure of eloquence or metrical correctness [quot. a1415]; examine (a statement) with a view to accurate interpretation [quot. c1475(c1445)];
(c) to examine (someone’s actions, character, etc.) with a view to correction; of God: take account of (someone’s heart), take into consideration; also, ?be the standard by which (someone’s life or soul) is to be judged [1st quot.];
(d) to judge (sb. or sth.), evaluate, pass judgment on; also, with noun clause: judge (what one may do, which of two things is greater); ~ after on, judge (pride and humility) alike, make no distinction between;
(e) to weigh (circumstances, intentions, consequences, etc.) against each other, contrast, compare; also, weigh (sorrow against pleasure); ~ in balaunce;
(f) to value (sth.), esteem, consider worthy.
Associated quotations
a
- (1413) Hoccl.Rich.II (Hnt HM 111)37 : My wit souffysith nat to peyse and weye With what honour he broght is to this toun.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1922 : Allas…ȝif…Þou haddest grace…to haue…weied wysely by mesour in balaunce Þe fraude of wommon.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)85/121,86/137 : Wy þe foyre of purgatore…wey…What purgatore þou schuldist haue þen.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.3358 : Men sholde calle…to mynde, Moordre affor God requereth ay vengaunce, This funeral stori weied in ballaunce.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)398 : In noble corage ought…weyen [vrr. whane, weyn] every thing by equytee.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)150 : Ye prudent iugis…Weieth this mater in your discrecioun, Whedir Goos or Sheep…may…Vn-to an Hors be likned?
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)349 : The Lamb…passith bothe…Weied & considred, thei be no thyng liche To hym in valew.
- a1500(1444) Let.Curteys in RS 96.3 (Add 7096)263 : We write unto you…praying you…þees þinges abovesaide tendrely weyen and considered, to shewe us your said kyndenesse.
- ?a1500 *Chauliac(5) (Peterh 118)67a/b : Master Arnalde de Villanoua…techeþ by consideracioun of þinges þat bene naturell and innaturel…tochynge a man howe he shall mesuren hem and weiew [Ch.(1): pondre, i. wey] hem.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)57/14-15 : Huo þet wyle conne and weȝe þe zennes of þe tonge, hit bohoueþ þet he conne weȝe and ayenweȝe þet word…and huer-of hit comþ and huet kuead hit deþ.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)152/28 : Wel beleue…makeþ þane scele be mesure speke…zuo þet þe speche…by y-weȝe ase guode moneye and y-proued.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)255/5-6 : ‘Þe wordes of þe wyse byeþ y-weȝe ine þe waye,’ Þet is to zigge þet þe wyse ssel zuo weȝe þe wordes ine þe waye of skele and of discrecion þet þer ne by naȝt to wyþ-nymene.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)255/28 : Huo þet ne weȝþ his wordes ine þe waye of discrecion…ualþ liȝtliche ine þe honden of his uon.
- (a1415) Hoccl.York (Hnt HM 111)49 : If þat I…speke vnfittyngly Or nat by iust peys my sentences weye…wole I buxumly It to amende…him preye.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ecclus.21.28 : The wordis of prudent men schulen be weied [WB(1): peisid] in a balaunce.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)211/15 : Whoso wole knowe…þe synne of þe tunge, he mote weye by skile eche word þat he seiþ.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)26/3 : If we weie wel þe allegid wordis of Seynt poul, no wise man wole seie but þat…he meenyd of þilk moral loue.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)235/10 : This woorde is nat well weyed [F pesee] or it be said.
c
- (c1400) Gower PP (Eg 2862)91 : Pes is of al charite the keie, Which hath the lif and soule forto weie.
- (1440) Visit.Alnwick186a : We charge yow prioresse…that in your correccions ye…treet your susters moderly, the qualytee and the quantitee of the persones and defautes…euenly considerede and weyed.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)44/10 : God wyeth the herte and not the substaunce.
d
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)172/4-5 : Cunde of god heorte is to…weie swiðre his sunne sumchearre þen he þurfte; weien [Pep: weiȝen] hit to lutel is ase uuel, oðer wurse.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)189/22 : Iþe ‘weie’ is bitacnet meosure & wisdom, þet euch mon wið wisdom weie hwet he mahe don.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1781 : That lord hath litel of discrecioun That…kan no diuisioun But weyeth [vrr. weieþe, weygh] pryde and humblesse after oon.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)719 : Schal synful and saklez suffer al on payne? Weþer ever hit lyke my Lorde to lyfte such domez…And weye upon þe worre half þat wrathed þe never?
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)364 : God appropriþ unto him to weie þingis, how þei shulden be loved, and to make hem oþer betere or worse.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)149/36 : God weyeþ þe ȝifte after þe wille of þe ȝeuer.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)323 : Ȝif we weyn aryht dispensis bi lore of þe hooly goost, þer is neyþer stoon ne tree in alle siche newe ordris placis þat it ne is groundid bi wrong.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)58/30 : Resoun owith…weie wel and knowe riȝtli whiche of þe ij yuelis is þe grettir.
e
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 6.2 : Wolde god, my synnes weren weied [vr. weȝed]…& þe wrecchenesse þat I suffre, in a balaunce.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.3165 : To a wysman…is…dewe…þe gynnynge and þe endynge…boþe attonis peisen in his þouȝt And weien hem so iustly in balaunce Þat of þe fyn folwe no repentaunce.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.86 : It doth ȝou seme Atwen vs two egally to deme Iustly…with euery circumstaunce, Oure ouþer merit weied in ballaunce.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)41/8 : Who so wol…weyen þe sorow wiþ þe wynne, he wold neuer seche likyng to haue in þat þing þat takiþ eendyng.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.115 : If þou woldest weie or counterpayse The tyme of all þi fame and þi renoun, Thogh þat þou woldest abouen heuen it rayse, Yit schuldest þou fynde no proporcioun Aȝenst…eternall perduracioun.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)189/18 : Yf all were weyed in a iuste balaunce, the trauailes and parelles that we suffre…and on the othir side the harmes that we doo, [etc.].
f
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)340/6 : Al þing sich a soule haþ in reuerence, his lifte hond weyeth as myche and as truly as his riȝt hond; As myche he chargiþ tribulacioun as he dooþ cumfort.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)335 : Ierom…his tunge was not the key of heuen or of erthe…Whi therfore schulen we ouer miche weie and apprise his seiyng?
5.
To proceed, go; ~ doun, descend; ~ from, depart or be removed from (a place), remain outside of; ~ up, climb upon (a horse), mount on.
Associated quotations
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (Hrl 2277)p.53 : He weith upe [Ld: werth opon; Corp-C: werþ up] his palefrai and to his inne wende so.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)395 : Heouene geth al-a-boute þe eorþe, euene it mot weyȝe.
- a1325 SLeg.2 Words (Corp-C 145)405 : Hi dolue and fonde þe lilie weie riȝt out of is mouþe.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)11/301 : Children…Ibore to schorte lyues…Bote hi ariȝt icristned be, Fram heuene euere hi weyeþ.
- a1450 Rev.HWoman (Lngl 29)85/860 : Sho weighed euyn doun to þe fayr lady.
6.
(a) To bear (sb. or sth.), carry; bring (wine); convey (wine to sb.), serve;
(b) to take (sth.) back, recover [?mistransl. of L liberāre as librāre]; ~ oute of, deliver (sb.) from (suffering), extricate from;
(c) to hang suspended [quot. ?1440]; also, bear up (the earth, hills, mountains), hold up; hold (the mass of the earth) suspended; ~ up, hold up (heaven and earth), support;
(d) ~ (up) ankeres, to hoist anchors; ~ up, of a gallows: hoist (sb.) up.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10913 : Þa wifes…wæiden in hære ærmen heore children ærmen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12212 : Þer feouwer kinges…weȝe on heore honde feouwer sweord of golde.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12215 : Þe king…of Scotlonde, sweord he weide an honde.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1022 : He miȝte bet teche ane bore To weȝe [Jes-O: bere] boþe sheld & spere.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1420 : So faste þay weȝed to him wyne, hit warmed his hert.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1508 : Weȝe wyn in þis won!
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1403 : Wyȝez þe walle wyn weȝed to hem oft.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Hos.2.9 : I shal weiȝe [WB(2): schal delyuere; L liberabo] my wolle, and my lynnen, whiche hiliden the yuel fame of hir.
- a1450 Rev.HWoman (Lngl 29)84/826 : I shold ful foule haue bene letted on my passage when I shold ben weyed out of my peynes.
c
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)49/25 : He ðe weiȝþ upp mid his fingre heuene and ierðe…makede him swa litel swo is ðat child of one niht ielde.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3776 : Fortune hym hadde enhaunced so in pride That verraily he wende he myghte attayne Vn to the sterres…And in a balance weyen [vr. weyghen] ech montayne.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.40.12 : Who weide [alt. to: hongide vp; WB(2): peiside; L ponderavit] with þre fingris þe gobbe of þe erþe, & weiede [vr. weȝede; L libravit] in peis þe mounteynes & þe hillis in a balaunce?
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)11.46 : Of vynes yonge The rootis voide away be kitte…And right so on the typto lete hem gey [read: wey; L remanebit…suspensa; L gloss: librare].
- a1500 Quest.MOxf.(Hrl 1304)287 : Whech ben the foure waters þat weyen the erthe?…snow…occian waters…haill…dewe.
d
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)103 : Þay…at þe wyndas weȝen her ankres.
- (c1422) Hoccl.Dial.(Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)402 : A theef þat hath eschapid ones The roop no dreede hath eft his art to vse, Til þat the trees him weye vp, body and bones.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)493 : They weyde vp þeire ankyrs.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)740 : Þay wye vp þaire ankers, By wytt of þe watyre-men.
7.
(a) To move (sb.), budge; cause (sth.) to move, shake, agitate;
(b) to nudge (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)130/9 : Þet treow þe weaxeð on þam wude be ar up ofer alle þa oðre treon, & hit þenne feringæ strang wind wiðstont, þenne bið hit swiðor iwæȝed & iswenced þene þe oðer wudæ.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10048 : Heo uorð hælden swa þe hæȝe wude, þenne wind wode weieð hine mid mæine.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)14/370 : Þis sacrement [confirmation]…makeþ man so hardiliche To stonde…Þat he ne may nauȝt yweid be Wiþ blanding ne wiþ boste.
- a1500 Add.37075 Gloss (Add 37075)100/337a : Vibrillo: to wegge.
b
- a1450 PPl.B (Bod 814:Kane)19.204 : Wegged [Ld: I wondred what þat was & wagged conscience].
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)105/3155 : ..I nede must loue for any greef or sore And yet y not what happe wol to me way, For whi oft tyme y haue herd folkis say That trowbille gret is there in lovis lore.
Note: Editor's gloss: "pay out" (=weigh): "I do not know what Fortune will give me" (or Spence's translation: ?"I don't know what fortune will befall me."). Spence glosses it "my way, my direction."--per PFS
Note: [F: Je ne scay qu'il m'en avendru] = literally, "I do not know what will happen to me because of it" ="I don't know what will come of it."