Middle English Dictionary Entry
warden v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | warden v.(1) Also ward(e, wardi(e; p.ppl. i)warded(e, wā̆rdid & (early SW) iwardet. |
Etymology | OE weardian & AF/ONF warder, var. of OF garder. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To stand guard, keep watch; protect (against sth.), guard; also in fig. context; also, defend oneself [last quot.];
(b) to protect (sb. or sth., oneself), defend, guard; protect (sb. or sth. against sb. or sth.), defend; also, watch over (sb. or sth.), look after; also in fig. context; with that clause: see to it (that sb. does sth.); witen and ~;
(c) to protect (sth., oneself) with a covering or barrier, physically shield;
(d) to fortify (a city, stronghold, etc.), make secure against attack; also, furnish (a fortification with defenders); ppl. wardede, fortified.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225 SWard (Roy 17.A.27)40/385 : Lustneð nu his lare & fondeð euer euchan…for euch unþeawes inȝong his warde te witene ant te warden treowliche.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)95/6 : Secnesse þet godd send…wardeð [Tit: Wardes] toȝein þeo þe weren towardes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5297 : In this hous to loke and warde Was Minotaurus put in warde.
- a1425 PPl.C (Cmb Ff 5.35)22.218 : Warde [Hnt HM 137: Ich wolle dele…grace To alle kynne creatures…And wepne to fight with].
b
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)16/153 : Nv lauerd godd…wardi us & werie ant rihte us & reade hwet us beo to donne.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)91/18 : Bisecheð…godd…þet he wite & wardi [Tit: warde] ow wið alle þe ow weitið.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1044 : Al þe stat of holi churche and al mi dignite Þoruȝ Ihesu crist it beo i-wardet.
- a1325 SLeg.Magd.(1) (Corp-C 145)139 : Hi toke hure to wardi al hore god.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)970 : Hii wolde…Wardi hom fram alle men.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)136/2934,2946 : Þe leuedi schel wiþ me soiurne And þe page Ascopard Schel hire boþe wite and ward…Ascopard me gode page Schel þe warde fro damage.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2171 : Bid hure þat sche wardye wel þe messagers þat buþ þere.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.27.66 : Thei…kepten or wardiden the sepulcre.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4078 : Hij telden it Darrie And baden hym he shude hym wardie.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)19.42 : Thanne sette ich þe secunde plaunke, sapiencia-dei-patris…And þer-with ich warde [vr. wardede] hit…til hit wexe rype.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)903 : As men þat beon wroþe, Wel heo wardiþ heom boþe þat nyȝt.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)394/16 : Þanne entriþ þis swete spouse, obediens, into þe soule…wel kepte & wardid wiþ her seruaunt, vilyte.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.49/28 : She…with prayer and tokyne of the crosse her-self wardyng, so defendyd that for all his engynnys and waytys she skapid vntowchid.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)2464 : Two hondred shyppes…Saylynge forwarde…And afterwarde fyfty galyes For to warde [vr. wardy] his nauyes.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)495 : To warde & wacche an oste it is to lerne.
- c1475(?c1451) Worcester Bk.Noblesse (Roy 18.B.22)77 : They may of experience be apt…to doo you service…and…you and youre roiaume forto warde, kepe, and defende frome youre adversaries in tyme of werre.
- c1475 Abbrev.Trip.SSecr.(UC 85)374/28 : See allwey that thyne hoste be surely warded.
- a1500 Partenay (Trin-C R.3.17)805 : Warde that ye be a monday in thys place.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.26.13 : A cobit schall hong on þe to party & anoþer on þe toþer…eyþer syde of þe tabernacle wardyng.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)161a/b : Oystres…han þat name of shelles þat defenden and warden the nesshe fysshe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)190b/b : Þilke Ilondes ben yclippede aboute wiþ stronge hoeples of grauele and quarres and so y-wardede and defendede aȝens wawes & strengþe of þe see.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)53/6 : He conne warliche werne his schild and…wyseliche warde himselfe þerevndir.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)153/10 : Þey were…wel ywarded and heled in yeren and steel.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.32.16-17 : We shole make vs foldes of sheep…to oure litul childryn forsoþe warded citees…& what euer þyng we mowe haue sholyn be in þe warded citees for þe aspies of þe dwellers.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Josh.6.1 : Iericho forsoþe was closed & warded [vr. waardid] for drede of þe sonys of Irael.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)1 Mac.13.33 : Symount bildide strengthis of Judee and wardide [WB(1): wardynge] hem with hiȝ touris.
- a1425 By a forest (Bod 596)194 : I let me bilde castell and towres, With-out I-warded with stronge dyches.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)265 : Grim thei were To warden þeir walles with weies ynow.
2.
(a) To have responsibility for the welfare and management of (a kingdom, a people, etc.), govern, administer;—also without obj. [quot. c1330]; also, serve as pilot of (a ship) [last quot.];
(b) to act as guardian for (a child or minor), supervise and care for;
(c) to keep (sb.) under guard or in custody; guard (a prisoner).
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)349 : Þe king bi-lefde In Engelonde to wardi is kynedom.
- c1300 SLeg.Inf.Chr.(LdMisc 108)514 : A god schal i bore beo Þat al schal warde and al ise.
- a1325 SLeg.Aug.Cant.(Corp-C 145)88 : Seint Austin…Twelf bissops…made in þe lond to wardi Cristendom.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)643 : Samuel Þe prophete wardede þat folc of israhel.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)1/12 : Sir Gii Of Hamtoun…was sire And of al þat ilche schire, To wardi.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)28.95 : Nethir Man ne womman ne cowde he se that Schip with-Inne to warde Oþer Gye.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (Hrl 2277)151 : Þis Askebert seide adai þat þis child scholde wende An hunting…bi þe wodes ende & he wiþ him to wardi him.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6453 : To þe king of hongri þis seli children tueie He sende uor to norisi, þat he wardede hom wel beye.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)101 : He…biholdes hou hertily þe herdes wif hules þat child…he wist it schold be warded wel.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.1954 : Ydomeneux the king…tok this child into his warde And seide he wolde him kepe and warde Til that he were of such a myht To…ben a knyht.
c
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)30/42 : Heroudes…in strong prisun him caste; Þare-inne he lay…i-warded strangue and faste.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6722 : A Maiden…was warded streyte Withinne chambre and kept…clos.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1613 : Beteche þam þe proueste…That they be weisely wachede and in warde holden, Wardede of warantizez with wyrchipfull knyghttez.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1325 : Pilat to prisoun was do…Þe wye þat hym warded…feffyt hym with a per.
3.
In surname.
Associated quotations
- (1218-19) Nickname in LuSE 55183 : Will. Wardebois.