Middle English Dictionary Entry

tellen v.
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

Note: Cp. atellen v., bitellen v., itellen v., talen v.
1a.
(a) To speak, talk; say; speak (of sb. or sth.); speak (to sb., against sb.); make mention (of sth.); talk (to sb.); ~ of no mete, iron. have nothing to eat; ~ of textes, cite authorities; also, with selected adverbs: ~ forth (on, oute), speak up, speak out; ~ togeder, talk together, converse; also, in parenthetical inf. phrase used for emphasis: forth to ~ of, to speak of (sb.) [quot. c1395]; (b) to speak of (sb.); say (sth.); say (sth. to sb.), tell (sb. sth.); recite (sth.), say over [quot. a1333, 2nd]; also in proverbs; ~ an other tale, tell (sb.) something else; ~ bi mouth, say (sth. to sb.) directly; ~ harm bi, speak evil of (sb.); ~ in ere, tell (sth.) in (someone's) ear, whisper (sth. to sb.); ~ in pris, speak of (sb.) with praise, praise (sb.); ~ more speche, say more; ~ pris of, speak praise of (sb.); ~ tale in time, say something opportunely; ~ the aungel no tale, of Mary: hold no extended conversation with the angel; ~ (oute) word, ~ wordes, utter or pronounce a word (words); also fig.; speak words; (c) in prov. expressions, with ref. to the silence of the dead: ~ no tale(s, ~ no more no tale; (d) with clause, usu. introduced by hou, that, etc.: to say (to sb. that sth. is so), tell (sb. how one did sth.), etc.; also, without that: say (sth. is so, etc.); ~ oute bi the mouth what, say aloud what (one thinks); (e) to address (sb.), speak to; (f) to debate (sth.), discuss, talk over;—with clause as obj.; ~ oute, blurt out (sth.), talk unrestrainedly about; (g) introducing directly quoted speech: to say (certain specified words); tell (sb. certain specified words), say (to sb. certain specified words); (h) to give (sb. an answer);—also with clause as obj. [quot. 1415]; also, answer (sb.) [last quot.].
1b.
(a) Of an author: to tell in writing, state in a text; mention (sb.) in a text, state (sth., a fact) in a work, tell (sb. sth.) in a written text; also, with clause as obj.: state (that sth. is so, etc.); of a written text, book, etc.: state a fact, make a statement, say; tell (of sth.); tell (sb. sth.); with clause: say (to sb. sth. is so); of a language: express (what sb. says), communicate; ~ on english, write in English; ~ tale of, write about (sth.), tell of; also, impers. hit telleth, it says (in a text); hit is tolde; as telleth in the tale, as it says in the story; (b) introducing a direct quotation: of an author, a language: to say (certain specified words); also, cite (an exact title of a text); impers. that is on english to ~, that is to say in English (certain specified words); (c) in parenthetical inf. and participial phrases, used for emphasis: pertli to ~, to speak plainly; to ~ shorte, shortli for to ~, withouten more tale tolde, etc.: to make a long story short, without more ado, etc.; wonderful to ~, strange to say; also, in impers. clauses as parenthetical aside to the reader: wer long you to ~, it would take a long time to tell you (sth.); what holdeth hit longe to ~ (to ~ longe), what use is it to drag out the story?, to make a long story short; (d) ~ oute manere of translacioun, to set forth a manner of translation; (e) to refer to (sth.).
2a.
(a) To tell a story aloud, relate an event, recount a miracle; ~ of, tell the story of (sb., an event, a battle, etc.); ~ to, relate an account or a story to (sb.); with adverbs: ~ forth (on), continue a story, get on with a tale, tell on; (b) ~ of, to give (sb.) an oral account of (an act), tell (sb.) about (sth.); (c) to recount in speech (sth., an event, a deed, the story or history of sth., etc.); also, tell (sb. the story of sth., one's life), recount (to sb. battles, wonders, etc.); with clause: relate aloud (how sb. did sth., how sth. transpired, etc.); recount (to sb. how sb. did sth., etc.); with adv.: ~ forth, tell out (deeds), recount openly; ~ (al) the cas, recount (all) the matter; also, tell (sb.) what happened; ~ ginninge and ende, tell (sb.) the whole story, give (sb.) an account from beginning to end; ~ tale, give an account of events; (d) to tell aloud (a parable, legend, romance, story, etc.); tell (sb. a story, tale, etc.); also in proverbs; ~ forth tale, tell out a story, get on with (one's) tale; heren ~ a fore-bisne (tales), heren stories (scriptures, etc.) tolde, hear a parable (tales, scriptural stories, etc.) told aloud; (e) to tell (a joke, an old saying, etc.); sing (a song for sb.); ~ (idel, mirie) tales, engage in repartee, talk idly; (f) to tell aloud (the content of a dream), relate (a vision); tell (sb. sth. experienced in a dream, what one dreamed, etc.); ~ word after word, relate in full detail (the content of a dream).
2b.
(a) Of an author, a writer, poet, etc.: to recount in writing, give an account in a text, write, set forth a story; ~ of, write of (sb. or sth.), tell of; ~ forth of, set forth the story of (sb. or sth.); ~ oute, give the full story, set forth; (b) ~ o (of), of the narrator of a text: to tell (the reader) of (sb. or sth.); ~ forth of; (c) of an author, a writer: to relate (miracles, deeds, etc.), tell (a story) in writing, recount (an event) in a text; also, of the narrator of a written work: tell (the reader a tale, romance, etc.);—also without obj. [1st quot.]; of the four Evangelists: tell the story of (Christ's Passion); (d) of a book, gospel, story, etc.: to give an account, relate, recount; ~ of, tell the story of (sb. or sth.); (e) of a book: to tell (a story); of a text, story: relate (how sb. did sth., how sth. happened, that sb. did sth., etc.); (f) impers. hit telleth, hit) is tolde, it tells (is told) in a text, story, etc.; hit was wonder to ~.
3.
(a) In phrase: ~ on, to give a verbal explanation (of sth.); (b) to explain (sth.) in speech, elucidate (the meaning of sth., the theme of a story, etc.); explain (sth. to sb.); tell (why sth. is so, how sth. came to be, etc.); ~ oute, to explain or describe (sth., God) fully; ~ word and ende, explain everything; (c) of an author, a writer: to explain something in writing; treat (of a topic) in a text; explain (sth.) in a written work; discuss (sth.) in a text; explain (to sb. in a text that sth. stands for sth. else); of a book or section of a book, the Bible: give an explanation; explain (sth., how sth. happened); discuss (sth.), treat of; also, impers. long hit wer to ~ of, it would take a long time to treat of (sth.); (d) to teach, give instruction; instruct (sb.); teach (sth.), teach about (sth.); teach (sb. sth.), instruct (sb. how he should do sth.); ~ on; ~ of, teach (sb.) about (sth.); ~ us to that child, instruct us with regard to that child; (e) of an author: to give instruction in a written work; instruct (sb.) in a text; teach (sb. of sth.) in a text; teach (sb. sth.) in a text; of the Bible: teach (sb.).
4.
(a) To inform (sb.); ~ of, inform (sb.) of (sb. or sth.), apprise of; thurgh tale as man me tolde, as I am informed; (b) to inform (sb.) of (sth.);—also with direct question or declarative statement; ~ him everi a grot, inform him of every detail, inform him fully; ~ tale, give (sb.) information (about sth.); (c) with clause as obj.: ~ that (if, wher, etc.), to inform (sb. that sb. did sth., if sth. may be done, where sb. is, etc.); ~ me what the is, tell me what is wrong; also, with adv.: ~ fore that; also, impers. hit was tolde hire if, she was informed that if (sth. happened, etc).; (d) of an author, a writer, Christ in the gospel, etc.: to inform (sb. in a text); also, tell (sb. sth. in a text); of a book, story, the Bible, Biblical authority, etc.: inform (sb.); also, tell (sb. sth.); (e) with diminished force, in emphatic expressions often used chiefly for rime: as) ich telle the (you), as) ich telle hit the; (f) to point out (to sb. his vices or faults).
5.
(a) To make disclosure [quot. a1425(c1395)]; disclose (sth.) in speech or writing, make known; reveal (to sb. sth., an emotion, etc.); divulge (a name), tell (sb. one's name); confide (sth., one's feelings); also, with clause as obj. [often difficult to distinguish from sense 4.(c)]: reveal (how sth. is done), disclose (to sb. what sb. has), etc.; ~ oute; ~ of, disclose from (what stock one has come); impers. hit shal ben tolde him that, it shall be revealed to him that (sth. is so); if hit to ~ be, if it may be revealed; (b) to tell (a secret), reveal (secret counsel, secret matters); ~ oute; (c) to reveal (sth.) by an act, appearance, etc.; indicate (sth.), make known; taken and ~ in, indicate something by (a sign), serve as (witness); (d) in proverbs.
6.
(a) To make proclamation, announce something; proclaim (sth.), announce, make public;—also with clause as obj.; proclaim (God's name, God's work, the kingdom of heaven, etc.); of the heavens: proclaim (God's praise, righteousness, joy); fig. of certain signs: herald (the end of the world); ~ forth (oute); ~ biforen, announce something publicly; ppl. tellinge, proclaiming; also, as noun: the one proclaiming; the one who proclaims (peace); (b) ~ forth on english, to translate aloud in English (what a sermon being preached in another language means); (c) to extol (sth.), praise; (d) to boast (of sth.); make (boasting speeches).
7.
(a) To give a description, describe; speak descriptively (of sb. or sth.); give a description (of sb. or sth. to sb.); (b) to describe (sth., a place, one's state, etc.); describe (sth. to sb.);—also with clause as obj.; ~ fore; ~ word, analyze a word; (c) of an author, a writer, etc.: to write descriptively (about sb. or sth.); describe (sth.) in writing, describe (sth. to sb.) in a text; also, of a book or part of a book: give a description (of sth.); describe (sth., what sth. is); ben to ~ bi, be (fair and bold) to describe; (d) ben tolde, to be named or called (a specified name); (e) in expressions and rhetorical questions expressing the indescribable nature of something: ich ne can ~, mai no tonge ~, more than mannes mouth mai ~, etc.
8.
(a) To express (an opinion, one's will, one's emotional pain, etc.); express (to sb. one's desire); also, utter (a complaint); (b) to confess; also, make confession of one's sins to a confessor; confess (guilt, sins, etc.); ~ oute.
9.
(a) To tell (the truth) in speech or writing; ~ here sothes, tell (some individuals) the truth about themselves; ~ whi the soth, tell why something is true; that ich have tolde is treuth, what I have told is the truth; (b) in parenthetical or emphatic expressions asserting the veracity of what is stated: to ~ the soth, soth (sothli) for to ~, gostli (treuli) to ~; ich telle the for soth (treuth); etc.; (c) to maintain something as fact; claim (sth.) as true, assert (sth.); also, with that clause: claim (that sth. is so, etc.); ppl. tolde as adj.: asserted; (d) to lie; tell (a lie, lies); ~ a tale (tales), tell a falsehood (untruths); ~ queintlie, lie craftily; also, in nickname: telle-me-no-tales [quot. c1400].
10.
(a) To give orders in speech or writing, issue a command; direct (sb.) to do something; enjoin (sth. on sb.); order (that sb. do sth.), bid (persons that they do sth.); ~ oute; also, in emphatic expression reinforcing a direct command: leie hit..ich the telle, lay it..I tell thee; (b) of God: to decree; enjoin (sth.); ~ to, of the Apostle Paul, the gospel: enjoin upon (sb.); (c) to urge in speech; urge (sb. that sth. be done); of a writer: recommend (medicines to sb.) in a text; (d) to advise in speech, counsel; counsel (sb.); give (advice); give (sb. counsel); also, with clause: advise (sb. how sth. should be done, that sth. be done); propose (sth.), suggest [quot. c1400]; of a writer: tell (sb. a rule to follow) in a text; ~ tale, give (sb.) advice.
11.
(a) To preach; preach about (Christ, the Resurrection, repentance, etc.); preach (the gospel, God's word, virtue, etc.); ~ oute; that tolde, that which was preached; (b) to pray (to Jesus); say (a prayer); give (thanks to God); (c) to sing (a hymn); chant or recite (psalms, scriptural verses); also, quote (Holy Writ); cite (a rule for Christians); ~ oute.
12.
(a) To prophesy, foretell, predict; also, prophesy (to sb.); ~ biforen; ~ o (of), foretell of (sth.), predict (sth.); (b) to prophesy (sth.) in speech or writing, foretell, predict; foretell (sth. to sb.); ~ afore (biforen); ~ prophecie, utter a prophecy; ben tolde in the olde laue (with prophecie), of Christ: be foretold in the old law (in prophecy); impers. as tolde is er, as is foretold; (c) to warn (sb.); warn (sb. of sth.); with inf. or that clause: admonish (sb. to do sth.), warn (sb. that sth. is so); (d) to promise (sth. to sb.), vow; with inf.: promise (to do sth.); (e) to betoken (that sb. will be sth.), signify.
13.
(a) To report; also, spread reports [quot. a1425]; ~ ayen, make report [transl. of L renuntiare]; (b) to report (sth.), deliver (a message), relay (information); report (sth. to sb.); with clause: report (what word sb. sent); report (to sb. that sth. is so, how sb. did sth., etc.); ~ ayen, report (sth.) [transl. of L renuntiare]; impers. hit is tolde, it is reported; it is reported (to sb. that sth. is so, how sth. happened); hit was tolde him of, it was reported to him concerning (sth.); (c) to tell (tidings); bring (sb. news); ~ tidinge(s; ~ token, deliver (to sb.) a verbal message serving as a sign; telle hit for no tidinges, do not tell it as if it were news; (d) to repeat (sth., someone's words); repeat (sth. to sb.); ~ forth (on); (e) heren (iheren) ~, to hear tell, hear reported; hear (sth.) reported, learn about (sth.) by report, hear talk of (sth.); also, with clause: hear tell (that sth. happened, whether sth. is true, etc.); heren (iheren) ~ of, heren tolde of, hear report of (sb. or sth.), hear tell of; also, hear rumors about (sb. or sth.); heren ~ of this tidinge, hear about this news.
14.
(a) To state or argue a case; ~ cas (storie, tale), state (one's own, someone else's) case, make a case (for one party in a debate); ~ the contrarie of thin favour, give testimony contrary to what you wish; ~ with, argue against (sb.), debate with; (b) ~ (a) skil, to offer an argument; give (sb.) a reasoned exposition; (c) to state (a reason); give (an example).
15.
(a) To refer (a matter to sb. for deliberation); (b) ~ on, to impute (sth.) to (sb.), lay (sth.) on (sb.); ~ to, attribute (sth.) to (God), ascribe to.
16.
(a) To discern so as to be able to say with certainty; know well enough to state (sth.);—usu. negative, freq. with connen v. and clause as obj.; (b) to identify (sb.), recognize; discern (sth.); also, with that clause: discern (that sth. is the case), perceive; (c) to detect (sth.), become aware of, mark; (d) connen ~ of, to be familiar with (woe).
17.
(a) To count, reckon; ~ forth til four, count up to four; ~ from binethen upwardes, count upwards; ~ in dol (tale), number in all, be numbered; ~ ivele, count incorrectly, miscount; (b) to count (persons, things), count out; ~ bi hundredes, count (persons) by the hundreds; ~ bi (with) tale, count (persons, things) by number, number (persons, things); ~ cheri stones, ?play a game of cherry stones, ?count cherry stones in playing this game; ~ for the twelfthe, count (sth.) as the twelfth in a series; ~ in tale, count (persons) in a census; ~ oute, count out (things); ~ oute the tenthe, count out every tenth man (from a group); ~ with ter, count (sheep by marking them one by one) with tar; ten miles tolde, ten miles reckoned (from a place); thousandes tolde bi thre, thousands multiplied by three; (c) to enumerate (one's good deeds), list (things, places, etc.) in order, mention one by one in an ordered list; (d) to count money [quot. c1436]; count (money, gold, etc.), count out; also, count out (money in payment, a tax payment), pay (money, tax); count up (money received as payment), pocket (money); also, ?appraise (gold) [quot. c1440(a1350)]; ~ silver to hem, hold a reckoning with them of silver (which they received), make with them an accounting of money; ~ up, count up (silver); as men mighte ~ a pounde, as quickly as one might count a pound, very quickly; (e) to calculate (a quantity, portion), reckon up; ~ somme of, reckon the total number of (shires); (f) to number fighting men; count up (soldiers), reckon (the number of soldiers); ~ felaues, count troops; (g) to count time (from day to day); reckon (time, years, periods of a man's life, etc.); also, count back to (the day that sth. happened); his mones ben tolde, his life is finite; (h) to count as (a number of yards), amount to [1st quot., some vrr. to which may belong to tollen v.(1)]; ~ upon, be counted for (a certain number in a series); (i) to reckon lineage; set forth (ancestry); count (sb. among one's heirs); ~ doun-ward, reckon lineage forward; ~ upward, reckon lineage backward; also, reckon (forefathers) counting backwards; (j) in phrases expressing the uncountability of persons or things: ich mai ne rimen ne ~, more than ich can ~, ne mighte no man ~, etc.
18.
(a) To judge (someone's life on Judgment Day), evaluate; (b) to consider (sb. to be sth.); with noun compl.: consider (sb. a fool, traitor, etc.), regard, account; with adj. or ppl.: consider (sb. foolish, righteous, ruined, etc.);—also refl.; with inf.: reckon (oneself to be sth.); with prep.: ~ for, regard (sb.) as (sth.);—also refl.; ~ of non honour, consider (sb.) to be of no honor; ~ oute of child bering (birthe of child), ~ outwith birthe o barn, consider (sb.) as being beyond the age of childbearing; ben tolde for cursed, be regarded as accursed; (c) to regard (sth. as sth. else), reckon (sth. as one's own, too much, etc.); ~ bi iren as chaf (bras as roten tre), regard iron as but chaff (brass as but rotten wood); ~ but dwele, regard (sth.) as but illusion; ~ for (of, to), consider (sth.) as (sth. else); ~ in-to, consider (a place) to be part of (a certain territory); ~ not a bene of his lif, regard his life as not worth a bean; ~ scorn, regard (sth.) as worthy of scorn; impers. hit is tolde of no largesse, it is reckoned as no largesse; hit was not tolde a lek, it was not regarded lightly; (d) ~ anithing of, to have any regard for (sb.); ~ bettre of, ~ more bi (of), have a higher regard for (sb. or sth., oneself), think better of; ~ heighe bi, have a high opinion of (oneself); ~ lesse (werse) bi (of), think less (worse) of (sb., oneself); ~ lightli to, ~ lite (nought, etc.) of, ~ litel bi (of, to), have little regard for (sb. or sth.), have a low opinion of; ~ lite (no-thing) of lif, think little of (one's) chances for survival, despair of (one's) life; ~ wel of (to), have a good opinion of (sth., oneself), think well of; ben ever the more to ~ bi, be ever the more to set store by; (e) ~ for nought, to consider (sb.) of no worth; also, with inf.: disdain (to do sth.), consider it nothing (to do sth.); (f) ~ deinte of, ~ pris bi (of), to have a great regard for (sb. or sth.), account (sb. or sth.) highly; also, take pleasure in (sth.) [quot. a1398]; ~ more pris of, prefer (sth.); ~ no pris (litel tale, etc.) of, regard (sb. or sth.) as of little worth; ~ no store of, put no stock in (sth.), regard as of no value; ~ of pris, hold (sb.) in high regard; (g) ~ biforen, to prefer (sth.); (h) ~ bi (of), to set store by (sb. or sth.), regard highly.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • c1450 When the son (Frf 16)167 : A cyte was ther..Wher in was..Chapmen with out othys and gyle, Myllers that tyllyth not twyes yn a myle.
  • Note: New spelling
    Note: Most of the 17. senses could use date.--per MM