Middle English Dictionary Entry
spenden v.
Entry Info
Forms | spenden v. Also spend(e, spendi; sg.2 (sbj.) spendite; sg.3 spendeth, etc. & spendet, (?error) spendeȝt; p. spended(e, spendet, spendutte, spend(e, spent(e; ppl. spended(e, spendet, spendut(te, spend(e, spent(e & ispended, ispend(e, ispent, (?error) ispendedet. |
Etymology | OE spendan; ?also cp. OF despendre, L dispendere, or ME dispenden v. Some assimilated forms in p. & p.ppl. may belong to spẹ̄nen v. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To spend money, expend wealth; also fig.; (b) to spend (money, an amount or a specified sum of money), pay out, disburse; pay (expenses); expend (wealth, treasure, etc.); also fig.; also, spend (that which is given as alms or offerings); expend (one's money or resources in alms-giving); (c) ~ abouten, to spend (an amount of money, treasure) for (sth.); ~ on, spend (gold) for (sth.); also, expend (an amount of money) on behalf of (sb.); ~ upon, spend (an amount of money) for the benefit of (sb., oneself); (d) ppl. spendinge as adj.: available for spending, able to be spent [could also be construed as spending(e ger. (c)]; spendinge moneie (silver), spending money; (e) in proverbs and prov. expressions.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)665 : He þat haþ þe ffyue besauntz..Þat beoþ þe ffyue whittes..Haþ yspend so aboute and ypreched fer & ner, And byȝute mony a soule.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8026 : Him ne roȝte hou he spende, ne wat, he was so prout.
- c1390 NHom.Virg.to Devil (Vrn)5 : But he spendet so largely þat in pouert he fel.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2791 : For right as men blamen an auaricious man..in the same wise is he to blame that spendeth ouer largely.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)6.28 : An ydel man þow semest, A spendour þat spende mot, oþer a spille-tyme.
- c1400 Hiȝt is a (Cmb Ii.3.8)p.69 : Hiȝt [soul] is a marchaund and spendeȝt nouth [L non dispendit].
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1718 : This Troilus gan al his lif to lede; He spendeth, jousteth, maketh festeynges.
- (c1434) Ffor þu art (BodLTh d.1)11 : For but þou spendyte well ere þou goo, þin song for euer is 'well-ay-woo.'
- ?c1450 I loue (Mrg B 21)p.286 : Y þenke and y sey nouȝt; y spende and I paye nouȝt.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Rhyme WA (Hrl 2251)25 : Freely to spende and to folwe covetise..It may wele ryme, but it accordith nought.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)126/10 : A kyng schuld spende and schuld lyfe of hys owne.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)4857 : In mesure spende..And ese hem þat nede haue.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(LdMisc 108)397 : He spendede..muche for godes loue in is almes-dede.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10867 : Ech clerc in þe toune him ȝef..As muche as he in þe wouke in is commune spende.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.26.14 : Y haue not ete of hem..ne haue spended [L expendi] of hem [tithes collected] eny þyng in þyng of dede cors.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.31 : He had i-spend al þat was in þe tresorie.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.67 : Þe offrynges of Cristene men schulde non oþir wyse be y-spend [Higd.(2): be convertede; L convertentur] but in use of holy chirche.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23894 : Þat besaunt rote noght in hord þat agh be spend in werc and word.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.102 : Whether paciente pouerte..be more plesaunte to owre driȝte Þan ricchesse riȝtfulliche ywonne and resonablelich yspended [vrr. spende, despended]?
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)30/8-9 : Siche ȝiftes..whanne þei beþ trulich y-spend in siche vse, þei beþ verreilich y-spend in þe vse for þe whiche þei were halewed & y-ȝeue to.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)117/15 : Þis emperour may dispend als mykill as him list spend.
- (1429) Reg.Langley in Sur.Soc.169164 : I wylle that c li. be spendet and delt at myn entierment.
- ?c1430(c1383) Wycl.Leaven Pharisees (Corp-C 296)5 : Lest freris ypocrisie..be stoppid and þe peples almes betere spendid.
- (c1449) Paston (EETS)1.54 : Þe seyd personis..wold not he shuld haue his entent..but raþer þey wold spend mony to lette it.
- a1450(a1400) Titus & V.(Add 36523)1256 : The tresoure, Þat was of offrynge þe store, Withouten her allere assent In his owne nedes hem spent.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)41b : It nediþ to euery legioun to haue acountes..of summes of money resceyued and spendid.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)216/23 : He sellid a noder hors & spendid þe price þer-of for hym in meate.
- (1458) Will York in Sur.Soc.30222 : And over this to allowe the said Richard and John thair resonable coostez yat thei spenden in..executyng the commandment of his said feffes.
- (1474-5) Acc.St.Edm.Sarum19 : Of the which the said accountants axen to be allowed for xxi galons goud ale there y spende, ii s. iij d.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)646 : More þan I take spende I threys thre.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)986 : Now wyll Y sende hym tresour To spendy wyth honour.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.178 : Hoso occupye onyþing withoutyn ryȝtful titele..is boundyn to restitucion of alle þe harmys & of al þe profyth þat cam þerof..sauynge his expens þat he spente in profyt & sauacion of þat þing.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)7065 : His ricchesse al he spent.
- -?-(1435) Doc.in Power Craft Surg.316 : & the ouerplus thereof not spendid, if ony sich is, be it kept.
c
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.461 : Sche spended moche on clerkes þat kowþe wel synge.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.300 : Hadde he but litel gold..But al that he myghte of his frendes hente, On bookes and on lernynge he it spente.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1950 : I..Haue spended vpon diuerse manere freres Ful many a pound.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)195/23 : Kyng Edward..þouȝt how he myght recouere his tresoure þat he hade spendede about his werre.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)194 : Riche men..wolen not spende so moche aboute bokis of goddis lawe.
- (1431-2) Will York in Sur.Soc.3021 : And to Nicholas Blakburn, my son, for to spend on his three sonnes, yat es to say, Robert, Thomas, and Henry..whyls it wyll last, xl li.
- (1451-2) Doc.in Welch Hist.Pewterers Lond.16 : Item, spent vppon the Executours at wyne, vj d.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)32 : Also he spende ij d. vpon him selfe.
d
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1018 : Spendyng siluer hadde he right ynow.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.278 : Spera in deo speketh of prestes þat haue no spendyng syluer.
- (1460) Paston2.540 : Y shall no thyng take from hyr more then a litill spendyng money, tille better may bee.
- (1462) Paston (EETS)1.109 : John Paston giueth like answere as for an jnue[n]tare of spendyng mony, ryngges and jowellis, [etc.].
e
- c1350 How GWife(1) (Em 106)166/112 : His þrift wexet þinne Þat spendet ouer þat he winnetz.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.781 : This tresor hath fortune vn to vs yeuen..And lightly as it cometh so wol we spende.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2591 : To gete a pound thei spenden fyve.
- a1400 Prov.Wisd.(Bod 9)66 : Spend after þin astate.
- a1400 Spend and God (Cai 261/665)p.429 : Spende and God schal sende.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2623 : Þe frute of good is to spende large.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1376 : Men ful ofte..Mote spenden part, the remenant for to save.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2274 : If thou haue nought, spende the lesse.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.45 : Spende, and God wyl sende.
- a1475 How GWife Pilgr.(Brog 2.1)76 : He þat spendyth mor þen he gettythe, a beggerrys lyfe he schall lede.
- c1475 Prov.Wisd.(RwlPoet 32)76 : Spend not, ore þou hit gete.
- a1500(a1471) Ashby APP (Cmb Mm.4.42)492 : A peny spent bi wise prouision auailith two in time seasonable.
- a1500 He that hath (Hrl 116)p.316 : He that fast spendyth must nede borowe.
2.
(a) To expend (goods, property or an amount of property); sell or exchange (a garment) as payment; also, with unexpressed obj. in partitive construction: ~ of, spend part of (someone's goods); (b) to give (gifts), bestow (sth.); distribute (sth.), dispense; serve up (sth.) at table; also, give (solace); also, of provisions: be distributed or dispensed.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)7/45 : For hire seolf ne kepte heo nawt of þe world..lo for hare ane sake ane dale heo et-heold & spende al þet oðer in neodful & in nakede.
- c1300 SLeg.Fran.(1) (LdMisc 108)54/4 : In almesdede he spendede on pouere Men muchedel is Marchaundise.
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(LdMisc 108)101/7 : On leches heo hadde i-spendedet [?read: i-spendet] Muche del of hire guod.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)171/22 : He hise heþ folliche y-spended ine euele wones.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)78/275 : Al þis þat is þus spent is of þe goodis of pore men and of Cristis heritages.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)72a/b : An euel seruaunt..is ofte drunkelew, and þanne he forgendreþ & forȝeueþ his lordes good & catell Oþir takeþ it þeuelich & spendiþ it.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)74/15 : For suche men..more good spenden to konne wordli lawes, to gete richesse and worschup in þis world.
- ?a1425(a1400) Brut-1377 (Corp-C 174)327/23 : Þe King was agreued, & had ment and purposed to have exiled þe monkes of þe same hous, & so þey spended mich good or þey myghte haue þe Kingez grace aȝen, & his loue.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)274/12 : Al þat good which þei schulden departe to poore folk..þei spenden it in symonye.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.38 : This gud fulle liȝteli he wan, That thusgate spendutte hit on this man.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.39 : Lo, how thay demun the gentille knyȝte, Quen he hade spendut alle that he myȝte!
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)157/20 : Brynge hedyr þat pilgrym þat spendyd ȝister evyn his slaueyn at þe wyn!
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)207/1 : Þi wyif & chyld muste sparyngly as hem nedyth spendyn of þi euyl getyn good.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.2.2b : Þis lif longeth to alle worlthiman whilke han richesse..ouer oþer men & han godes for to spende.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.168 : Þe peple trostyn in wychecraft and so spendyn here good in þe fendys seruyse.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)4324 : Þann were spacli spices spended al a-boute.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Par.26.8 : A monytes spendeden þe ȝiftis to oȝie.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)6.69 : Here degree askeþ Some to synge masses oþer sitten and wryte, Rede, and receyue þat reson ouhte spende.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)235 : Thane spyces vnsparyly þay spendyde thereaftyre.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)374/28 : My Fadir ordand..þat I schulde wende..And als I spake my solace to spende.
- (1450) Lin.DDoc.42/9 : All the remenauntz of my kyne and my wedirs..that thei be spendid amonge my tenauntz in mete.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5467 : Þai perid to him with presands..Sum spends on him of spon[ges] a sparles nounbre.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)870 : Hors, herneys, wage & cloth, vitail to spende, His cure it was tordeyn.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.31 : Make hit [mustard] þyke inowghe þenne, Whenne þou hit spendes byfore gode menne.
3.
(a) To squander money, be profligate; squander (money), waste (wealth, resources, goods, etc.); ~ up; ~ on him a penne ful of inke, to waste a pen full of ink on him, waste the effort of writing about him; (b) to misuse (comeliness, holiness), waste.
Associated quotations
a
- a1200 PMor.(Trin-C B.14.52)12 : Alto muchel ic habbe ispend, to litel ileid on horde.
- c1300 SLeg.Lucy (Hrl 2277)82 : For in hordom & in lechours þu hast ispend þi god.
- a1350(1265) BLewes (Hrl 2253)9 : Richard..spende al is tresour opon swyuyng.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)8.301 : Þo were dymes alwey i-gadred and contribuciouns i-payde..but by þe kynges outrage al was wasted and i-spended [L consumpta] in ydel.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)72a/b : He is a greet spender of his lordes good and catel and spendiþ [L dissipat] and wastiþ all.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2491 : Me lyste nat vouche-sauf on hym to swynke, Ne spende on hym a penne ful of ynke.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)165/29 : Ȝiff a man latt or leue his sonne is londes and is rentes..and þis sonne..spend it vp and sell aveye all þat was is faders..what will men þan seye of hym?
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)182/17 : Denys..aduysed him..hough he myght recouer agayn that he had loste and spendid [F qu'il avoit despendu].
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)170/18 : Ye waste and spende afore the hande all suche as [CQ(1): that that] shulde helpe yow in your grette necessiteis.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)4854 : But I seie not in haste Þat a man shulde spende and waste.
b
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28493 : O spusail i haf þe halines In lust al spended o my fles.
- a1450(1411) Many man (Dgb 102)109 : Man..I mad þe wys and fayre..Þy lyȝtnes þou spendest in harlotrye.
4.
(a) To use (sth., goods, possessions, etc.), utilize, employ; -- also without obj. [quot. ?1440]; also, with unexpressed obj. in partitive construction: ~ of, use part of (sth.); ~ to the use of, make (sth.) available for use by (a guild); (b) to have the use of (land), enjoy the revenues from; ~ charge, carry out a responsibility; (c) to use (a weapon), wield; ~ shot, use projectiles, shoot; ~ stroke, strike a blow; (d) to use up (sth., goods, resources, etc.), exhaust, consume by use; wear out (apparel, a banner); ~ oute; (e) to consume (food, drink, an amount of food, etc.), eat or drink (sth.); also, exhaust (stores of food), use up, consume completely; eat up (pasturage); also, of food, drink: be offered for consumption, be consumed.
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1335 Þe grace of godde (Hrl 913)101 : And bot þou hit hab ispend ariȝte, Þe gode þat god þe haþ ilend..To helle pine þou worþe isend.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)6506 : Spende weyl þyn owne þyng Þat þou fal nat yn auaryce.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)142/16 : Þis oynement..Ihesu wolde not suffre..be spendide in his dede bodi.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1766 : Have..þis unement here..Bot luke þou spend it noght in vaine.
- a1425(a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)131.150/4 : Clarifie hony with wyne & vyneger & stere it wel togedre..& whan þou wilt spende [vr. take] þerof, make it thynne with wyne.
- ?1435 Lond.Chron.Jul.(Jul B.2)31 : The same goodes that have so ben areysed have nat ben spendyd to the profyte ne worship off his Rewme.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.404 : Let a tonne of barly hem comprende Vchon from other; close hit til thou spende.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.541 : Donged lond vpon the rootys spende.
- (1443) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.125180 : Thies ordenauncez..wer made..that al the lightes and torches that langes to both the saide craftes..fro nowe furth be made at the costes and expenses of both the said craftes and spended to the use of eithere of thaym.
- (c1447) Let.Midylton in Lin.NQ 16201 : Item, to se at Wylughtonne what wode hath be solde, and what wode ys spendyd off that I left there, and where yt ys spent.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)46/35 : Þou spendist þi Lordis good to his worschipe & to his wille.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)27/130 : Thou must spend many a spar this wark or thou wyn To end fully.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)41 : The firste chapitur tellithe howe ye shall spende your good.
b
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)26 : He gaffe hym his syster Acheflour,To haue and to holde Fro thethyn till his lyues ende, With brode londes to spende.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)2261 : Þen aw hir forto luke..vnto wham hir aw to ȝeld Reknyng..Ill or wele wheþer scho spend Þe charch þat scho hase tayn in hend.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)363/5 : There kynge Arthure made the deuke de la Rowse a knyght of the Table Rounde to his lyvys ende, and gaff hym grete londis to spende.
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3389 : Iason..Hath with his swerd spent on him many stroke.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.2942 : Þei fauȝt & many strokes spende.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)410/772 : Danys with arwes hokyd, sharpeand grounde, Spenten ther shot.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)21a : Þei knelede on her knees and keuerd hem self vndir hir pauyses..to make here enemyes to spende her schot in waast.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2458 : Sparrethis spetous to spend & speris in handis, Þai crosse ouir toward þe kyng.
- c1450 Lond.Chron.Cleo.(Cleo C.4)120 : Scharpliche on hem his spere he spent.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)946 : For theim a stronge & wel fetured man, That can a spere..And spende his wepon wel withoute waste.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)828 : A spere spendyd he thare; He prekyd to þe kyng wyth fors.
d
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mark 5.26 : A womman..in the flux of blood twelue ȝere..hadde suffride many thingis of ful many lechis, and spendid alle hir thingis, and no thing prophitide, but more hadde worse.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.331 : Þey chaungede nevere hosen and schoon, noþer cloþinge, but whan þey were i-tore or i-spend.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.363 : To departe þese houres..he sette a candel in his chapel of foure and twenty parties, and schulde be i-warned..as ofte as eny of þilke foure and twenty were i-spend.
- c1390 Treat.Mass (Vrn)343 : Whon his parchemyn was al spende, He rauhte þe Rolle bi þe ende.
- ?c1430(?1383) Wycl.Curse (Corp-C 296)320 : Þouȝ oure rewme hadde an huge hill of gold..bi proces of tyme þis hil moste be spendid, for he takiþ evere money oute of oure lond and sendiþ nouȝt aȝen.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)268 : It were noon indiscrecioun forto spende out þilk peire of schoon in xxti daies forto þerbi wynne þe hundrid pound.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.38 : Alle his godus were spendutte him fro.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)206/9 : Þe profyȝtes..of þat thyng whiche þou tokyst þer-of, er þou knewe þat thyng was stolyn, & it be spendyd or wastyd, þou art noȝt bounde to restore it; but ȝyf it perysche after þat þou wost þat it was stolyn, þou muste restore it.
- (1456) Invent.Armory in Archaeol.16125 : Item, xxxiij Standards of worsted..The which Standards been woren and Spendid in Karying of the Kings herneys..for faulte of their stuffs.
- (1468) Acc.St.Andrew Hubbard in BMag.31403 : Paide for nailes spente in the house..ij d.
- (1468) Acc.St.Andrew Hubbard in BMag.31404 : Paide..for talogh candell spent in the chirche.., for i bushell & di. coles for gode fridaie & ester even spente in the Chirche.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.13 : I thus have..in my tyme more ink and paper spent To lyte effect.
e
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8332 : Hii adde ispend þat wiþinne was; More honger þan hii adde neuere iseye nas.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)990 : Hire litel mete she wolde spende.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)13410 : Þe good drynke shulde furst spende And þe weiker at þe ende.
- (1408) Will in Bk.Lond.E.215/28 : Also, payde for brede & Ale to Spende atte my dyryge, xl d.
- (1417-19) Paston (Gairdner)2.8 : As towchyng to the derth of vytayles withyn this..Cytee, j Buschell of Whete was worth v scutys; j lofe, j frank; j dog, j frank; j kat, ij s..j rat, vj d. sterlinges, And as towchyng all other vitailes, it was spendit or that we com in to the Cytee.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Satan & C.(Corp-C 296)217 : God made alle goode mete & drynke couenable for men schulden spende it & lyue þer-by.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)98b : Þe more plente þou hast of flesche, þe lasse the nedeþ to spende of brede.
- (1450) Doc.in HMC Var.Col.485 : The vitailes of oure seid Towne ben al moste spent and consumed.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)37/21 : Þei spende leyse as wel as þi melchebeestys.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)198/35 : But whanne vitailles war spendid and goon, thanne toke thei of their frendis suche as thei durst nat take of their enenymyes [read: enymyes].
- a1525(?1468) Cov.Leet Bk.338 : Hit is ordeyned þat no householder frohensfurth bye no more butter þen he well spend in his owne house.
5.
(a) To use (one's faculties, senses, wisdom, virtues, etc.), employ; expend (love, thought, etc.); ~ mouth, drink; ~ sighte, use (one's) eyes, look around; (b) to use (one's power of speech), employ (speech); speak (idle praise); tell (tales); also, write (a few lines); ~ his wind, speak until he runs out of breath; (c) to expend (labor, desire); use up (one's strength, one's body, etc.); (d) to weaken (sb.); exhaust (a horse); (e) ben spendede, of a person: to be dead or on point of death; of a flower: be withered.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Magd.(2) (LdMisc 108)463/55 : Lazarus spendede al is þouȝht op-on his chiualerie.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.7787 : Have I sen ful many on..Whiche after felle in gret desese Thurgh wast of love, that thei spente In sondri places wher thei wente.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.3 : Than sal we yeld acount, Quat that wisdom mai amount, That god hauis giuen us for-to spend.
- c1400 Aelred Inst.(1) (Vrn)74 : Þerfore let heore strecche al heore herte to saue clennesse and chastete, and þer-aboute spende al here þouȝt.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)135/5 : O hou gret..was hure deuocioun, whanne al þat she misusede in sinne sche offrede to hure Sauiour and spendede in his seruice.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.150 : Nature..hir crafte platly and konnyng Spent vp-on hym hooly in wirkyng.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4959 : But yvell she spendith hir seruise, For no man wole hir love neither preise.
- ?a1425 Const.Masonry(1) (Roy 17.A.1)766 : Yn chamber, amonge the ladyes bryght, Holde thy tonge and spende thy syght.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)12.390 : To welle or flood the flook be brought on ende Their mouthes drie on wateris to spende.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)46/32 : On þis maner God ȝyueþ to man vertues and worldis grace for to spende hem in his seruyse.
- a1475 I knowlech to god (Rwl B.408)39 : My smellyng, my tastyng, I spend not ryght.
- a1500 St.Brendan Conf.(Lamb 541)23/433 : For alle þingis þat I haue trespassid ynne aȝens þee..in þe vii deedli synnes..my fyue wittis yuel spendid..I crie þee..mercy.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)596 : On wydowes, maydese, and wyfe Yowr connyng yow haue nyhe spent.
b
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)8.49 : He..spendiþ his speche & spekiþ for þe pore.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1132 : Best watz he..Þat euer I herde of speche spent.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)410 : If I spende no speche, þenne spedez þou þe better.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4597 : No man more orpid..Devoide of pompe, hatyng al veyn glorie, Al ydel laude spent & blow in veyn.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5757 : Þei ben as chargaunt as a pye, Pale cherid..Ful of resoun til his wynde be spent.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2932 : I mote spende a fewe lines blake Þe laste chapitle shortly to translate.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.702 : Thise wommen, that thus wenden hire to plese, Aboute naught gonne alle hire tales spende.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14906 : Iob, þou spendes þi spech in vayn.
- a1475 A dere god haue (Brog 2.1)29 : Alas þat in speche was spende Schuld turn youre loue & worschep bothe.
- c1450 I see a Rybane (Clg A.2)42 : For the best þu holde the stylle And for þe bettere þy spech þu spende.
c
- ?c1335 Elde makiþ me (Hrl 913)p.171 : I spend and marrit is mi main.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20857 : It es na spede our suinc to spend On thing we may noght bring til end.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)715 : Thorgh age he atteyn That lust of ȝouthe wasted be and spent.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)2315 : Alle ȝoure laboure in wast as now is spendid.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)13/15 : Þerfor are we cast here in erþe as in prisoun..oure body wiþ traueyl for to defoule..noȝt today bigynne & tomorew stirt abak, but quykly spende oure body in penaunce to oure lyues ende.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)414 : The cryme doon, forthwith the grace is spended.
d
- ?c1335 Elde makiþ me (Hrl 913)p.171 : Eld..spakly..me spent.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)33a/a : Þe same resoun of failinge is in hem þat fastiþ ouer myȝt & beþ I-spendid & I-wasttid.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)43a/a : It fareþ in olde men þat ben..consumpt, I-spend, & I-wasttid by elde oþir sikenes.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)1910 : Anon they had theyre hors spent, Her guttys oute she Rave.
e
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)20/215 : When ȝe vnder-stond þat y be spent..chese ȝou a newe king.
- c1390 Heil be þow Marie Moodur (Vrn)21 : Heil spice sprong þat neuer was spent, Heil trone of þe Trinite.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)271b/a : Whanne þe floures beþ nyh y-spended, þey þanne sendith spyes to aspyen mete in ferþer place.
6.
(a) To pass (time, a period of time), spend (a day, night, an hour, etc.); ben spendede, of time, a period of time: be passed; (b) to pass (one's time), spend (one's life, lifetime, one's days or years, a period or part of one's life); neigh his lif was spendede, he nearly died; nou is al oure time spendede, now our time of life is over.
Associated quotations
a
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)497 : The thridde aht were the beste; Thilke he spende saunt dotaunce, Aboute thoht ant purveaunce.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2487 : Al that Monday iusten they and daunce And spenden it in Venus heigh seruyse.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)127a/a : For we spendiþ [L consumimus] as moche tyme sleping by nyȝt as we dooþ wakynge by day.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28259 : Þe tyme þat ic in lijf has lende In idel-nes ic haue it spende.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.23 : Þe foure & tuenty houres he spended in holy life.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4356 : Al that nyght he wastyd hath and spent..in sorowe compleynyng.
- (1423) Proc.Privy C.3.90 : His service..continued fro yere to yer unto four yer was nere spendid and passid.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1612 : Somtyme it is wit To spende a tyme, a tyme for to wynne.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)63/24 : He wil ȝeue to ȝou a fre wil wiþ a fre choys, and þat ȝe spende so dere a tyme in excercise of vertues.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)12.501 : Tho iij dayes spende, They vessel hit.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)33.414 : So longe..they wente Tyl that the day was Al I-spente.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2)878 : Hast þow holden þyn halyday, And spend hyt wel to goddes pay?
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)181/14 : Iff þat I haue iij dayes of my liff, on of hem I may spende in þe luste of my body.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)235 : Þe tyme of contynuance..ys but a chery tyme, Spende yt well.
- a1500 Orch.Syon (Mrg M 162)312/19 : Þei schold haue..spende þe time in vertu.
- a1500 ?Rolle De Passione (Tit C.19)47 : Umbithinke the how thou hast spended this day whiche is ordened to the to spende to the loouynge of thi lord.
b
- ?c1335 Þe grace of ihu (Hrl 913)142 : Nouþ is al ur time ispend..Ne let us neuer ben ischend.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)199 : Þe king..made swiche diol & swiche mon Þat neiȝe his liif was y-spent.
- ?c1350 In sory tyme (PRO SC 2/175/41)p.287 : In sory tyme my lyf is y-spent.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.331 : Lanfrank..spende his elde al in holy bookes.
- c1390 Mirror St.Edm.(1) (Vrn)347 : Þenk..Hou þou hast spendet þi tyme honeste, Whon þou vp ros til þou go to reste.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)253 : To lewed men..speke I..Þat..spenden her lyues in trewandise.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2113 : Trawe ȝe me þat trwely, þaȝ ȝe had twenty lyues to spende.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)472 : For thy trespas..Thow shalt...The moste partye of thy tyme spende In makynge of a gloryous legende.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn)23/14 : By nyghte was he prayande & thus spendid he his tyme.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)796 : Ȝour louely lyfe amys ȝe spende.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)15/19 : Sister, spende þi tyme profitably and deuoutly.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)11.2 : Many spendis thaire tyme in vayn speche.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1051 : He had spendide al his lusty dayes In fals receptis.
- a1475 Sidrak & B.in Centaurus 12 (Lnsd 793)223/5696 : Þere his hundred ȝere were spente.
- c1500(1463) Ashby Pris.(Trin-C R.3.19)71 : In theyr seruyce I spendyd all my youth.
7.
(a) To pass (urine); (b) to shed (blood); suffer loss of (blood, life); also, with inf. or that clause: shed (blood to do sth.), suffer loss of (life that one may do sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)289b/a : It is a crafte to honte..suche a litel beste whanne his vreyne is al y-spended and y-wasted.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6494 : He hath leuer hertis þan þe good, Of swiche as had spent her owne blood So manfully þe castel for to wynne.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5440 : They trust hem..forto spende her bloode..Oonly to fulfille her wille.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.2 Merch.(Hrl 2255)802 : Blood wil haue wreche, that wrongfully is spent.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)21395 : I made hys knyhtys..Vn-to hym for to be sworn, Ther-vp-on her lyff to spende That they sholde hym wel dyffende.
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)199 : He..wolde preve hyt with hys hondys, and spende hys lyfe and blode a-pone hys fals body.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)20.1 : That is cristes ioy..that we doe swa that we be parceuel in his redempcioun, and he spend noght his preciouse blode in vayn on vs.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)378 : Thei wern..For comon profit..In ther deffence redy to spend ther blood.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)1502 : On the cros Crist Ihesu spent his blood.
8.
To consider.
Associated quotations
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.4.24 : The whiche resoun..I schal assaye..to schewe and to speden, whan I have first ispendid [L expendero] and answerd to the resouns.
9.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1219) Justice in Eyre R.in Seld.Soc.53459 : Radulfus Spendeluue.
- (1246) Select Pleas Manor.in Seld.Soc.28 : Mabilia, relicta Spendelove.
- (1256) Assize R.Nhb.in Sur.Soc.88110 : Robertus Spendelove.
- (1279) Hundred R.Tower 2519 : Alicia Spendelove.
- (1301) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 2183 : Roberto Spendlove.
- (1312) Name in LuSE 35236 : Spendeloue.
- (1337) Nickname in LuSE 55166 : Will. Spendlof.
- (1391-2) Nickname in LuSE 55166 : Hugh Spendluffe.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Add.34111 Pigment.Recipes (Add 34111) 299/24 : Do as þou dest er, and do til þe lede be alle yspend.
Note: Clarke's gloss = 'used up'. Additional quot., sense 4.(d).