Middle English Dictionary Entry
sǒupen v.(1)
Entry Info
| Forms | sǒupen v.(1) Also soup(p)e, soupon(e, souȝpe, sop(e, supe(n, sup(pe, (early) sup(p)an; p. sop & soupede, supped; ppl. sope(n, sopun & i)souped, sopid, isupped. |
| Etymology | OE sūpan, pl. (Nhb.) suppas, p. sēap, sǣp , pl. supon, ppl. *sopen; for weak p. & p.ppl. forms cp. Nhb.gesūpedon, p.pl. of OE gesūpan. Pres. forms in -o- perh. from MEsō̆pe n.(1). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To drink or swallow; drink in small mouthfuls, taste, sip; also, be sipped or drunk; also, slurp [quot. c1475 Babies' Bk.]; ~ of, drink (sth.), sip, swallow; also [quot. c1470], fig. extract or draw money from (a source); -- ?error for souken v. 5.(a); ~ up (awei), swallow; -- used fig.; (b) to drink (sth.), swallow; sip (sth.); -- also without obj.; ~ of, drink up the contents of (a cup); ~ oute, drink up (one's portion); ~ sope, swallow a mouthful, take a sip; ~ up, drink or swallow (sth.) completely; (c) in fig. uses of (b), usu. in Bibl. context: to consume (sb. or sth.), devour, destroy; ~ awei (in, up); (d) ppl. soupinge, able to be swallowed without chewing, soft or liquid; soupinge mete (medicine) [could be construed as souping(e ger. (c), but cp. L to 1st quot.]; (e) error for sethen v.(1).
Associated quotations
a
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)201 : Oustes l'eschale einz q'il hume [glossed:] soupe [vr. suppe].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.42.14 : As þe trauailing with childe I shal speken; I shal scateren & soupen awei [WB(2): swolowe] togidere.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Ob.1.16 : As ȝe drunke on myn holy hylle, alle heithen men shuln drynke bysily, and thei shuln drynke and shuln soupe vp; and thei shuln be as thei ben not.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)151 : Þe sayl sweyed on þe see, þenne suppe bihoued Þe coge of þe colde water, and þenne þe cry ryses.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)37/22 : Summe, whanne þei reden of þe abstinence of Jerom & German & of þe pacience of Job, it tikelith þe eres; but wanne þe asaye to souȝpe of þe same broth, þanne is it so bitter þei may not þer of.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)463/6 : When he had consecratt bothe þe bread & þe whyne, a white duffe light down on þe awter at þe preste saw, and sho suppid of all þat was in þe chales with hur neb, & tuke þe sacrament with hur and flow away.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)204/14 : Take v-leue-grasse and boyle yt well in water; þen hold thyn mowth ouer the pott and stufe þe well; þen supe off the water and hold yt in þin mowth tyl yt be colde.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1071 : Beryn..wold..com home & ete and soop & sclepe at nyȝte.
- c1470 Chaucer CT.Co.(Eg 2864)A.4416 : Soupe [Heng: ther nys no theef with-oute a lowke That helpeth hym to wasten and to sowke Of that he brybe kan or borwe may].
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.7 : Take know mylke, and play hit up To hit be thykkerede to sup.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.SPuer(1) (LdMisc 683)37 : To soupe loude it is ageyn gentylnesse.
- c1475 Babies' Bk.(Hrl 5086)144 : Whenne your potage to yow shalle be brouhte, Take yow sponys, and soupe by no way.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)153a/b : Broth..is grauntid but oonly for to wyete yn his breed and not for to soupe, and also þe iuys of þe..beef..al oonly be grauntid for to moisten in his breed & not for to soupe.
- a1500 Doct.Galen (Hrl 78)39 : Counseylle hir at duwe tymes to ete and sowpe.
- a1500 Kysse or thow (Cai 249/277)p.300 : Kysse or thow sclepe, Luk or thow lepe, Suppe or thow dyppe.
- c1500 Little Child.Bk.(2) (Ashm 61)127 : When þou sopys, make no no[y]se With thi mouth As do boys.
b
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)41/2 : Gif manne inne wurmes eȝlian, cnuca sa wyrt & wring & sile him supen þat seaw.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)43/10 : Nime þanne webræden, don on win, & sup þæt wos & ete þa webræden.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)43/20 : Wið muðes ece & wid tungan & wið þrotan nim þeos wurtewalan, will on wætere, sile him suppan.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)127/1 : Wið toðece sule suppe þisse wyrt seaw, & healde hyt swa on his muþe.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)23/5 : Ȝif þæs mannes þrota toswellon byð..Sule hym supan ȝebræddan hrere æȝeran and huniȝ to.
- ?a1300 Þene latemeste dai (Dgb 86)p.100 : Nou shal þin halle mid spade ben iwrout..Me wille soupen win nou aniȝt mid þat þou bohut.
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)238 : The best he piketh up himself..And ȝeveth the gode man soupe the lene broth that nis noht for seke.
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)190 : W. mylk and wortis soupith.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 39.24 : Feruent & gnastynge, he [horse] soupeþ [WB(2): swolewith; L sorbet] þe erþe.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)314/13 : Þe patient schal ete no metis but þingis þat he may soupe; For if he chewide, it wolde make þe boon falle out.
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)473 : Me þoȝte Kaym tok Abellis blod And sop it op as he were wod.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)108 : Þyse ilk renkez..Schul never..suppe on sope of my seue, þaȝ þay..swelt schulde.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)8a : Braye þe rote of borage and drinke hit with ale..and soupe þre soppis iij tymes first and laste for þe jandys.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)113a/a : Be þe broþ ysouped & þe fleshez yeten.
- a1456(a1426) Lydg.Mum.Hertford (Trin-C R.3.20)46 : Robyn..soupeþe colde potage.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)466 : Sowpone [Win: Sowpon], or sowpe: Sorbeo.
- c1440(?a1400) St.John (Thrn)228 : Þou..saynede þe coppe owtely, and suppede it off syne.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)20/10 : Tak & souppe thre sopes of vynacre or of water or of ale & it will for-do it.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3805 : Þis solayne sope if I sup, quethire sustene it may Þe menbris of þe Messedones, [etc.]?
- c1450(?c1425) St.Eliz.Spalb.(Dc 114)118/10 : Þe abbot of Clareualle putte a spoonful þere-of [milk] to hir mouþe, & þat she suppyd atte three suppyngis as hir semyd with difficulte.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)15355 : Off folkys fflessh..I make mortrews and colys Vn-to my moder called Envye. Whan she hath any malladye, I make hyr sowpe yt vp a-noon.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)69 : Ne suppe not with grete sowndynge Noþer potage ne oþer þynge.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)772 : My prepotent fader..sowpe owt yowr messe.
- a1500 Add.37075 Gloss (Add 37075)26/142a : Sorbeo vel sorbo: to sope.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)69/9 : Who-so haþ þe ȝoxyng..Sey kyrielesen..and sope þre sopis of eysel, and hit schal gon a-way.
- c1500 Lydg.SPuer(2) (Ashm 61)119 : When þou sowpys þi potage..Make no grete sownd in suppyng of þi dysche.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 17.16 : With oute tariynge weend ouer lest par auenture be sopyn awey [vr. soopen awey; WB(2): destried] þe kyng & al þe puple þat is with hym.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.14.29 : Of þe roote forsoþe of þe shadewe eddere shal gon out a cokatrice, & his seed souping [vr. soupende] awei a foul.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.28.7 : Þei ben sopen awei of wyn, þei erreden in drunkenesse.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.49.19 : A-ferr shul ben dryuen awei þat soupeden awei þee.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.51.44 : I shal visiten vp on bel in to babilon & þrowen awei þat þat it had soupid vp fro his mouþ.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.15.54 : Deeth is sopun vp in victorie.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Apoc.12.16 : The erthe openyde his mouth and soupide [WB(2): soop up] the flood that the dragoun sente of his mouth.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ps.123.4 : Whanne the woodnesse of hem was wrooth aȝens us, in hap watir hadde sope vs vp.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)203/18 : Þe soule is consumyd in þe forneys of loue..bycause þe feruent hete of þat forneys of loue haþ sopen her up and drawen her to it.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.9/11 : He shulde attende And considre the manyfolde snarys of oure sotell ennemy prudently..leyste that, by a cruell downecastyng I-suppid vp, wrecchidly he shulde perysche.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)532/11 : I am now giffen vnt[o a] dragon to devowr..& he hase his head in my mouthe & suppyd vp my sawle.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)226/21 : As erth is consumede litel and litel whan water fluez, ryght so a stronge mynde is sopen vp bi vice softly vndurcrepynge.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)53/10 : In þat blissid kyngdom of heuen..blissid living is fully sopyd vp in his owne welle.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)68.19 : Drown me not the storme of watire, ne supe me the grounde..he prayes that..the grounde of syn..supe vs not in.
d
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)225/31 : To aswage cowȝing..take swete almaundis..& make herof a souping medicyn [L medicina sorbilis], þat it be as þicke as hony.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)316/11 : Lete him haue souping metis, & he schal chewe no mete til þe place be al fast.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)100a/b : Be his metez souping or sorbile [L sorbilia] þat þai gryue hym not in chewyng.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)354/19 : Late hym stably lye vpon a feþer bedde and late hym vse suppynge metes [*Ch.(1): soupyng; L sorbilibus] þat hym nede noght to chewe.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)466 : Sowpynge [Win: Sopyng] mete, or drynke: Sorbile, sorbiciuncula.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)166b/a : The diete of siche woundis, and namely of þe veyne organe, bi colice & souping mete þat chewe not be to wide.
e
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)64/15 : Salamon seiþ þat his mouþ fareþ as a pot þat soupeþ [vr. seoþeþ; F bout], þat casteþ on þat o syde and on þat oþer and scoldeþ hem þat ben a-boute.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense (d)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. supping medicine.