Middle English Dictionary Entry
skiften v.
Entry Info
Forms | skiften v. Also skift(e, scift(e & (error) skiste; p. ppl. skift(e(d(e, scift(ed, skeft. |
Etymology | ON: cp. OI skipta. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. shiften v.
1.
(a) To divide or share out something; distribute (sth.), divide up; also, be divided [quot.: 1451]; ~ in sonder, disperse (a group of people), scatter; ~ me even, give me my fair share; even skifted, of troops: evenly matched in number, in equal strength; (b) to arrange, ordain; arrange (sth.), ordain, cause to occur; also, rule (a country), manage (a horse); also, protect (sb.), save; ~ with hondes, decide (sth.) by combat; (c) to change, vary; turn (to another color); also, die; change (sth.), alter, shift; change (clothes); refl. move oneself, go, hasten; ~ from, of one's thoughts: turn away from (God); ~ honde, make an abrupt change; ~ min skil, disobey me; ~ of, ?remove (a tree); (d) to alternate; (e) to escape (from sth.); -- also refl.; ben skifted of, evade (sb.), be rid of.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1963 : Outlawes..Þis custom had..Ylk man suld haue hys day aboute Þe pray qwhat euer yt war; On other wyse wald þai noȝt skyfte.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)20492 : Where as they fowhten bothe Jn fere, but evene Skeft weren they not there: Ten thousend ageyns five hundred men.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)108 : To putte hys good in gouernaunce he mengyth hys mod, He wolde þat it were scyfftyd amongys hys ny kynne.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)383 : The Indyans..were skaterede and skayled and skyftede [vr. shiverd] in sondere.
- (1451) Lin.DDoc.56/30 : I will yat Steven Chambyrlayn, Iohn howson, Iohn Grege, harre hardy, Richard of kichyn, & Iohn Thymolbe haf Al the stuf yt es in my place at london, except plate or harnas platyd, to skift euyne emong yam to pray for me.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)205/15 : Looke that the gooddys be skyffted, that none playne of his parte.
- a1500 Amadace (Adv 19.3.1)644 : Bot skyfte me evon..Gyffe me my parte, Y wyll awey.
- a1500 Amadace (Adv 19.3.1)656 : Oderwyse skyft wyll not wee, Bot at yor wyll schall hit bee.
b
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Nativ.(Phys-E)p.61 : Bot godd that skilfulli kan skift Mad þaimalle serely spekand.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4440 : Of all þe prisuns..Al had þam ioseph vnder hand, He ferd ai wit so mikel thrift þat al was don als he wald scift.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)569 : 'Þus schal I,' quod Kryste, 'hit skyfte: Þe laste schal be þe fyrst.'
- a1425 LFMass Bk.(Cmb Gg.5.31)63 : When þu..þi confiteor has done..On þis wyse be þi sayng..'Lord, scifte [Roy: saue] þe preste þat it sal say Fra temptaciones today.'
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)32 : Scathyll Scottlande by skyll he skyftys as hym lykys.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1643 : Loke ȝe skyfte it so þat vs no skathe lympe.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3117 : Thane ischewis owt of þat cete, full sone be þe morne, slale [?read: skathele] discouerours, skyftes theire horses.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)55/14 : Grete godd wolde so wisely skifte all thynges.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)551/16,23 : 'Thys..ys sir Trystram..latte se [yf ye] now skyffte hit with youre handys'..'I woll nat meddill with you at thys tyme..sone hit sholde be skyffte.'
c
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23390 : Nu at þe erth, nu at þe lift, Or hu sumeuer þou will þe scift.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)23703 : Þusgate salle he skift his hande, þe lorde þat is ay lastande.
- a1400 Cursor (Phys-E)23678 : Sun and mon and stern on lift, Þat ai wit stiring er nuskift.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)709 : Now haf þay skyfted my skyl and scorned natwre.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)36/27 : Tuinne paire claþis sal ilkain haue for to scifte and for to waisse.
- a1450 LChart.Chr.A (Add 11307)30/122 : I aske of þe..a four leued gras..That on lef is opon shryft, That oþer thin herte to smerte skyft, [etc.].
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)467 : To skyre skarlet hewe skyftis hire face.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4622 : Ouir wild is many ways wraiste as þe wedire skiftis.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5040 : Þen bownes agayn þe bald kyng -- baldly he wepis -- Þat he so skitly suld skifte & fra [?read: for] his skars terme.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14304 : Þou may not chaunge his toyȝt to skyft [vr. flit] fro me and myne.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)389/10 : He wolde nevur skyfte his clothis bod ons in a yere.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)402 : Þer browȝt schalle be a holyn kene, Þat sett schalle be in erber grene, And þat schalle be to alhalawgh day And of be skyfted.
- a1475 Leve lystynes (Brog 2.1)p.30 : Owre syre fydecoke ffayn wold I skyfte.
d
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)19 : Oft boþe blysse & blunder Ful skete hatz skyfted synne.
e
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)221/41 : Why, sir, to skyste [read: skyfte] fro his skath We seke for youre socoure þis sesoune.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)72/2128 : Not kan y skyfte me from the sotilnes Of seytfulle fortune with hir dowbil chere.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)126/21 : She was aferde of hym..and she cowde not be skyfte..of hym by no meane.