Middle English Dictionary Entry
shāken v.
Entry Info
Forms | shāken v. Also shak(e, shac(en, (N) scak(e, (chiefly SE & SW) ssake, (chiefly SW or SWM) shek(e(n, shec, shech & (early) scacen, (early SWM) scæken, scecki, (early SEM) saken, sacen. Forms: p. shọ̄k(e, shọ̄c, shuok, (chiefly SW) s)sọ̄k, (N) scọ̄k, scock, chọ̄ke, shūke & (early SWM) scọ̄c & shāked(e, shēkede; pl. shọ̄ke(n, (N) shūke, shọ̄ked; ppl. i)shāke(n, shākun, i)shāked, shākidde, shacked, isāke, ichāke. |
Etymology | OE sceacan, scæcan, scacan, scecan; p. sceōc, scōc; pl. sceōcon; ppl. sce(a)cen. Cursor (Vsp) forms scāk(e, scọ̄k, scock may belong to scāken v. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To go, hurry, run; ride; flee, depart; go by ship, sail; also, of a bird: fly [quot.: c1300 SLeg.]; ~ awei-ward, ride off, leave; ~ forth, set out; ~ in-to (to) ship, go to a ship, board a ship; ~ togeder, come together, rush together; ben shaken, have gone; (b) ~ in-to a sadel, to mount a horse; ~ oute of sadel, fall off a horse; (c) ~ forth, of water: to flow.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6611 : Nes þer nan biscop þat forð on his wæi ne scoc, na munec..þat he an his wæi ne rad.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)193 : Ne bit ge nowt de barlic beren abuten, oc suneð it & sakeð forð, so it same were.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)536 : Ðis elp..remeð mid his broðer; manie & mikle cume ðer sacande, wenen him on stalle maken.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)770 : Corineus com scecky and seide to him-seolue, [etc.].
- c1300 SLeg.(Hrl 2277)487/136 : Þis foweles anon mid þe word þanneward gonne schake.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)175/3746 : Þat child þe forster he be-tok And forþ in is wei a schok.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)928 : By þat was araid duke Rolant, & saw hymen awayward schake.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21228 : Barnabas..O sant mathu þe gospel-bok Quider-ward sum-euer he scok Wit-vten lett..he bar.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.89 : To Wales is William schaken, estres to spie.
- a1425 NPass.(Cmb Gg.5.31)105/1028 : I rede þat we ihesu Take, And lat hym with his skathe schake [vr. scape].
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)10660 : Ector..come to him faste schakyng.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1213 : Arthure..somond þan þe schippemen scharpely þeraftyre, To schake furthe with þe schyre-men to schifte þe gudez.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)13.267 : With speris faste to-gederis they schoke, That scheldes & hawberkis Al to-broke.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)315 : Clerkes & comens of contrees aboute, Wer schacked to þat cite, sacrifice to make.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)205/20 : They shooke over the stremys into a fayre champayne.
- c1500(?c1450) Wedding Gawain (Rwl C.86)740 : Syr Gawen rose..and to the dore he shoke.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1980 : Antenor..Shoke euyn into ship, & the shalke leuyt.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3132 : Parys..shoke to his shippes þere shene men were in.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3178 : Hit sittes..sone in the night, We arme vs at all peces..And shote into our shippes, shake on our way.
- -?-(?a1500) Hunt.Hare (Adv 19.3.1)66 : To the town the husbond wentt, As fast as he myght schake.
b
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)694 : For þe dynt þat he tuke, Oute of sadill he schoke.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)14.282 : Into A Sadel he Schook.
c
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)2744 : Grete diches we scholen here make wherthorwgh this water schal forth Schake thorwh this medewe here anon.
2a.
(a) Of a person, a part of the body: to shake, tremble, esp. from physical infirmity, fever, etc.; shiver with cold; shudder with pain; of the eyes: shift, dart back and forth; of the heart: palpitate from illness; ~ asonder, fall apart from shaking; ppl. shakinge as adj.: trembling, quivering; (b) of a person, a part of the body: to tremble or quake from emotion, anger, fear, eagerness, etc.; of the heart: palpitate from fear; also, fig. waver, give in to temptation [quot.: 1340]; ech bon shaketh me, each bone of mine shakes; (c) of fever, lovesickness, etc.: to cause (sb.) to tremble or shiver; (d) ppl. shaken as adj., of laughter: convulsive, uncontrolled.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1849 : The slakke skyn aboute his nekke shaketh [vr. sshakeþ] Whil that he song, so chaunteth he and craketh.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)32b/b : Superfluite of..mete..lettiþ willeful meuynge oþir distroieþ al in fere, as in hem þat schaken and quaken and hauen þe palesy.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3565 : Quen þat sua bicums ald..þe heued biginnes for to scak [Göt: schake].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5772 : Bachus make hem for to schake In a fevere wers þan a tercyen.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5392 : Hym hadde leuer a sondre shake, And late all hise lymes..Ryue, Than leve his Richesse in his lyue.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Satan & C.(Corp-C 296)210 : Þe fend & his techen to ȝeue costly cloþis & manye to riche men..& suffre pore men haue nakid sidis, & schakynge lippis & hondis for cold.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)192/37 : Þan owr Lordys body schakyd & schoderyd, & alle þe joyntys of þat blisful body brostyn & wentyn a-sundyr.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)26/21 : One of his neghburs..fenyd hym as he had shakyn in þe axis, & come in-to þis mans howse shakand.
- c1450 From þe tyme (Lamb 853)27 : In oure olde age..Oure heed, oure hondis þo wolen schake, And oure leggis wole tremble where we go.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)262/907 : Man for my brother may I not for-sake..In peynys for hym my body schal schake.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)96/23 : Yf þe eyen..shake, they ben wikked, vnworthy and bolde.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3638 : If þe hete þe colde ouer go, And þe drie þe weet also, Þe body begynneþ forto quake, And þe herte to stere and shake.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)363 : Elde was paynted after this..Her eeres shoken faste withall, As from her heed they wolde fall.
b
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)16/142 : O helle, deaðes hus..Ich cwakie of grisle & of grure, & euch ban schekeð me.
- a1325 SLeg.Assump.Virg.(Corp-C 145)187 : His bodi sok al for angwiss.
- a1325 SLeg.Devil Serv.(Corp-C 145)269 : He ssok & quakede for drede.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)116/33 : Vayre zuete uader, make oure herten ueste an stedeuest, þet hi ne ssake [Vices & V.(2): meue; F se moevent] uor none uondynge þet to hare comþ.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.157 : Þe tormentoures hond faillede and schoke [L obriguit] for drede.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)8899 : Ector..swat for tene, for wratthe he schoke.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.3599 : I do presente this book with hand shaking.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)3938 : For Sorwe they schoken & gonne to qwake.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)30/20 : Ban and Bors..were so currageous that their enemyes shooke and byverd for egirnesse.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)110/316 : When he lemyd on this lee, my hart shakyd than; An angell was he.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)2044 : Fro slepe I gan to awake; My body all in swet began for to shake, For drede of the syght that I had seene.
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.8.14 : When Jhesus hadde comen in to the hous of Symond Petre, he say his wyues moder liggynge, and shakun with feueris.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.570 : If this Fievere a womman take, Sche schal be wel mor harde schake.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)6999 : Þe feuer þat hym so shoke was for þe monye þat he toke.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.4825 : Al þat tyme sike laie Diomede With Louys dart woundid to þe herte..For he was shake with a feuere newe, Þat causid him to be ful pale of hewe.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)43/911 : I lekyn vche a synful soule to a seke mon Þat is y-schakyd and schent with þe aksis.
- c1430 Allas for thought (Cmb Gg.4.27)533 : Now I am with cold I-shake, And thanne a brennynge doth me take.
- c1450 ?Clanvowe Cuckoo & N.(Cmb Ff.1.6)41 : Shaken [Frf: I am so slayn with the feueres white, Of al this May yet slepte I but a lyte].
d
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)175/13 : Habbeð þah to ower bihoue, þis lutle leaste ende of alle cuðe sunnen as..of sware, of plohe, of ischake [Tit: inschake] lahtre, of schede cromen oðer ale.
2b.
(a) Of a tree, leaf, etc.: to tremble, stir; sway, move about; of a spear: quiver, move about; clash; also, split apart [last quot.]; ~ in sonder, break into pieces; ppl. shaken, of the sun: shimmering; (b) of the wind, a tempest: to cause (a leaf, tree, etc.) to tremble or sway; cause (a banner) to flutter; cause (a beard) to quiver; (c) of a tree, forest: to cause (its leaves) to tremble, shake.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)168/3 : Constance..is a uirtue þet makeþ þe herte strang..ase a traw yroted ine guod land, þet hit ne ssake uor nenne wynd.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.85 : Euerich of hem [trees] quaked and schoke [Higd.(2): all the tre movede; L tota tremebat as sone as þe sonne beem touched his cop].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)265b/b : Whanne þe asse rereþ and heueþ vp þe heued,þanne by strong blast þe þornes moeueþ and schakeþ.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.3.17 : Thanne schyneth Phebus, ischaken [L uibratus] with sodeyn light, and smyteth with his beemes in merveylynge eien.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)325/169 : Sir, saugh ȝe noȝt þis sight, how þat þer schaftes schuke?
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)167/156a : There myght men see shaftis shake, And many krounes all to crake.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)370/97 : My bandys thai brast, And shoke all in sonder.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3403 : Couetise..is a tree þat springeþ wide..Þe bowes þat with þe wynde shake Is rancour of herte and hate.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)5276 : Who so in his honde wole take A ȝerde and smertly it do shake, It shal bowe in þe shaking.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6888 : Philothetes..with a felle spere frunt vnto Ector, Þat hit shok alto schyuers.
b
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.406 : With many a tempest hadde his berd been shake.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.1234 : Þei..Ful knyȝtly han chose her grounde, & take Her large baners, with þe wynde y-shake.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2681 : Dredfully she quaketh, As doth the braunche that Zepherus shaketh.
- a1450(c1400) Wor.Serm.(Wor F.10)36/479 : An tis be a vair tre..þe sowþrenwynd schakis hym o þe to side.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)9068 : As a lefe Wyth wynde I-sake, so quoke her breth.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)6566 : Þe firste instrument..Iapheth..conceyued it and wroght As God it sente in his þoght; And of þe secounde he it took Of trees þat þe wynde shook.
c
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5018 : Þan schogs hire þe son-tree & schoke hire schire leues.
- a1500 Lo here is (Tan 407)23 : Of the erthe delyght I take To see the florent wodys þer leves shake.
2c.
(a) Of the earth, a building, etc.: to quake, tremble; don ~, cause (the earth) to quake; ppl. shakinge, trembling; (b) to cause (the earth, a building, etc.) to quake or tremble; move (a pillar, post, etc.) back and forth; ~ doun, cause (a house) to fall down; ~ togeder; (c) ?to take down (a tent), break (camp).
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4241 : Þis geant..vel adoun as a gret ok..Þat it þoȝte þat al þe hul mid þe vallinge ssoc.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.183 : In þis emperour his tyme þe eorþe schook [vr. schwok].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19211 : Þan bigan to stir þat stede And in þat erth-din þar scok.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)26047 : Þis hous, shacande, doun dos he drife.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)16784 : Þe erd it choke [Trin-C: quook] wide all; þe stanes brast, þe temple clef in tu, bath rofe and wall.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1357 : All þe paleis shoke, And kyng Adrastus out of his slep awoke.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)8186,8188 : Þyse two dragons fordede þy werk..Þen schok þe ground..& þe werk abouen al schok.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)27.215 : They [read: there] nas non partie Of that yl tho that It ne qwakede and schok Also As dide Ony lef vppon A tre.
- a1450(1411) Many man (Dgb 102)183 : Man, I can do þe erþe to shake.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1813 : Þat deys be-gan to schake, Þe erþe be-gan to quake.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.247 : The eyȝte day al erde schal so schakyn and quakyn þat no man schal mon stondyn ryȝt up on his feet.
b
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3274 : Sampsoun..two pilers shook, and made hem falle.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)162b/b : Smoky vapour cometh in to the holownesse þerof and shaketh and meveth parties of þe erþe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7259 : Þe post þat al þat huse vpbare Wit bath his handes he it scok.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)2 Kings 22.8 : The foundementis of hillis weren smytun and schakun togidere [L concussa sunt et conquassata], for the Lord was wrooth to hem.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ps.28.8 : The vois of the Lord departynge the flawme of fier, the vois of the Lord schakynge [L concutientis] desert; and the Lord schal stire togidere the desert of Cades.
- ?a1425(a1400) Brut-1377 (Corp-C 174)315/6 : A wynd..brast & blewe doun to ground hye houses..and..oþer strong werkes þat stoden still were so yshake þerewith þat þey ben ȝett..the febelere.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)17/8 : Sampson..tuke þe post in his armes and schoke doune [F fist tresboucher] all þe hous apon þam.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)102a : Þis gynne haþ wiþ-ynne hym a greet beem meuabeleche I-hanged by ropes; þe whiche beem may..be drawe abakward and let fle..and so astonye & schake þe walle and make þe stones lose.
- ?c1450 Brut-1447 (Trin-C O.9.1)473/23 : An erthquake..shoke all the grounde.
c
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.273 : Þar pauilloun þe erle Patrik men schoke; it was his owen donjoun.
3.
(a) To move the body or part of it; of animals: shake the body; of a bird: stir, flutter; of a statue: move or quiver; of the Host: move rapidly back and forth; refl. shake oneself, bestir oneself; (b) to shake (a part of one's own body); cause (one's own limbs) to tremble; of a bird: beat (its wings); ~ berd (chin), express anger or disapproval by shaking the head; ~ berd on, ~ chin upon, make threatening gestures at (sb.); ~ hed, express anger, sorrow, gratitude, disapproval, etc. by shaking the head; also, give a gesture of authority; ~ hed on (upon), express anger, sorrow, or disapproval by shaking the head at or on account of (sb.); ~ oute; ppl. shaken, of hair: disheveled.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)84/32 : He [Lazarus] wæs hine scacende swa swa earn, þone he wyle mid reðen flihte forð afleon, & he wæs fram us arisende.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2265 : At the laste the statue of Venus shook, And made a signe wherby that he took That his prayere accepted was that day.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.2205 : Into an Egle he gan transforme..And after that himself he schok.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20962 : Þe nedder o venum sa strang Noght he skurnd wit hir stang, Bot on his hand þer scho was fest He schok, and in þe fir hir kest.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)47/17 : Þe Sacrament schok & flekeryd to & fro as a dowe flekeryth wyth hir wengys.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Say.Nightingale (Trin-C R.3.20)74 : Þis bridde..Streyneþe hir throte..Shakeþe and qwakiþe in euery Ioynt and membre.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)328/246 : Who so schakis, with schames he shendes.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)21/13 : The Saresyn..smoth Ponthus therwith so grete a stroke that he made his hede to shake.
- a1475 *Hrl.Diseases Hawk A (Hrl 2340)26a : Sche [a hawk] wyll schake as þofe sche wolde flye vp.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)98 : Then the grehounde awakid..& shoke him selve, & be-helde þe serpent, and Rhan fersly to hir.
b
- a1250 Ancr.(Tit D.18)59/18 : Þe attri drinc þat mon him ȝef þen him þruste o rode, Hore heaued schakinge up on him, þa ho on hoke-ringe gredden se lude, [etc.].
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)426 : Iosep sauȝ his breþren wepe, sore hit him gan rewe..He lokede on his breþren, & ssok on hem his heued.
- c1300 SLeg.(Hrl 2277)488/166 : Þo þe cou delyured was..To seint Martin heo ȝeode softe & ful adoun anon & schok hire heued him to þonki.
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(LdMisc 108)99/256 : Þo gan þe Aumperur for deol and sor alle is lymes to schake.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1214 : He seiȝe þat ich his hors wiþdrouȝ, Merlin schoke his heued and louȝ.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)42/935 : 'Par fai dame,' he saide, 'no,' And schok his heued vpon þe quen.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Jer.51.38 : Leouns shul rore, and shake out shul [L excutient] her lockus as the whelpus of leouns.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24503 : I him had in armes fald, þat suet flexs all dri and cald..On him mi hefd i scock and said, 'Vngretli, leif sun, er þou graid!'
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)1232 : Þeo iustice for schame wax al red And on his modur schok his hed.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2344 : This Tereus is to his wif ycome..And pitously he wep and shok his hed And swor hir that he fond hir sister ded.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.444 : The worthi senatours..cladde hem in moornyng clothes blake, Pale of ther facis, pitousli weepyng, Ther berd vnshaue, ther her to-reende & shake, Lik furious men up and doun rennyng.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1226 : He ferd lych a egle schakyng his wyngis.
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)139/982 : When þe sowdane þis tythande herde, He [bote] his lippes and schoke his berde.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)524 : With þat worde þe goddes shoke hir hede, And was in peas.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)79 : For alwey he grummede, and alwey shook his chyn.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)11000-11002 : Be off hym no thyng afferd Thogh he shake on the hys berd; Lat hym gruchche & mowhes make And his Chyn vp-on the shake.
- 1486 ?Berners Bk.St.Albans (Blades 1881)c viii/b : When she drawith booth her wyngys ouer the myddys of her boeke, and ther they mete both and softely shakyth them.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)7113 : As a fole his hedde he shoke And kest downe wyth the browe.
4.
(a) To rid oneself of (sth.) by shaking; also, delegate (a responsibility); ~ adoun (doun), dislodge (sb.) by shaking; ~ awei, fig. get rid of (sloth, sin); ~ of, shake (sth.) off; deflect (projectiles) from city walls; protect oneself from (a time of famine); also fig.; ~ shakinge, ?attempt to get rid of something; (b) to rid household items of dirt, dust, etc. by shaking; clean (household items) by shaking; remove crumbs by shaking (the garment covering the lap); (c) ~ oute, to empty (a container); empty (sth.) from its container; dislodge (sb. or sth.) from something, shake out; recover (stolen goods); shake off (a yoke) from the neck; shake (dust) from household items; also fig.; also, refl. shake oneself free; ~ oute hondes from yiftes, reject bribes; ~ oute of (from); ben shaken oute of, shake (oneself) from (the dust), shake off (dust); (d) ~ of, fig. to purge (sth.) from (oneself), get rid of; also, drive away (sleep) from (oneself); (e) ppl. shakinge, med. ?purging, relieving; ?error for swaginge, ppl. of swagen v.(1).
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)137/11 : Buh þin heorte, let me up, schec [Cai: shech; L excute] me wið schrift adun, ȝef ich alles walde ride þe longe.
- c1350 Ayenb.App.(Arun 57)269/32 : Þus nou ssel eurich hys heuynesse ssake a-way uram drede.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 28.5 : Poul..sothli schakinge of the beest into the fyer, suffride no thing yuel.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)7.13 : Repente þe..as reson þe tauhte, And shryf þe sharpliche and shak of alle pruyde.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)97b : Hit nedeth þat þere be..dubbled sages of heer hanged byfore þe opoun bataillynge to schake of the schot fro þe walles.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)473/15 : Þis ass..bare hym..vnto þe galows, & evyn vndernethe þe galows sho shuke hym down.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)21/22 : He spake yet fouler and worse wordes..that neuer might fall from her for no shakinge that euer she coulde shake [F jamais ne luy chierroit pour secourre qu'elle face].
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)155/1 : Yif such on schake from him curiose beholding of oþer folkis dedis..he may right freely be occupied aboute inward þingis.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)19 : He schuld..take þe medicyn, schakyng awey synne from him be absolucoun of sacrament.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)47/11 : When they see byfore the yere of honger and of indigence, thurgh conseruacion of cornes..with eesy grevaunce, they shaken of that tyme.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2206 : I graunt thee þe gouernaunse of þis gret mode, And shake it on þi shulders, shape þe þerfore.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.978 : She gan the hous to dighte..Preyynge the chambreres for goddes sake To hasten hem and faste swepe and shake.
- a1500 Rule Serve Ld.(Add 37969)11/6 : The marshall..ought to come into þe hall and se þat it be clene..and all þe hallynges and costers dressed in þer kynde places and shaken or betyn wyth Roddes yef nede be.
- a1500 Rule Serve Ld.(Add 37969)14/22 : Then shall be þer redy yemen of þe chambre..to take away stolis and bordes and trestelles..and þe marshall shake þe lordes lape.
c
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)107/19 : Þe Scorpiunes cundel þe ha bret in hire bosum! schake hit ut wið schrift & wið deadbote slea.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)1098 : Þe plates o payment þat he toke, Out of his lapp sone he þam schoke, And kest þam doune bi-for þair fete.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.27.40 : Þou schalt lyue in swerd, & to þi broþer þou schalt serue, & tyme schall comme whenn þou schalt schake out & lowse þe ȝok of hym of thy nolles.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.16.20 : Sampson..fro sleep rysynge, seide in his inwit, I schal gon owt as I dide beforn, & me I shal schakyn out.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 30.8 : Pursue; Forsoþe oute of dowte þou schalt takyn hem & schaken out [L excuties] þe prey.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))2 Esd.5.13 : Ferthermor I shakide out my bosum and seide, Thus God shake out eche man that fulfillith not this woord of his hous and of his trauailis, and be he shaken out and maad voide.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.33.15 : That goth in riȝtwisnesses and speketh treuthe that throwith awei coueitise of wrong chaleng and shaketh out his hondis fro alle ȝifte.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.52.2 : Be thou shaken out of the pouder; ris, sit thou, Jerusalem.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)139b/a : Roounde soun & noyse comeþ of roundenesse of cloudes, out of þe whiche vapour and wynde..is diuersliche I-waggid and I-schake.
- ?a1450 Ashm.Cook.Bk.(Ashm 1439)109 : Whanne þe goos is y-now, schake out þat is wiþ-in.
- ?c1450 in Aungier Syon Mon.368 : Mynyster of the sextry schal..haue oute the tapettes, mattes, uattes, and rowndlettes, and the duste schake oute, and sounyd ley them aȝene fayre and klene in ther places.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)105/170 : I, with my hand, lawse the sek band..Is not all shakyn owte, and no meyll is therin.
d
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)76/20 : Hwa se wakeð her wel ane hondhwile..ha wule schaken [Nero: scheken] of hire slep of uuel slawðe.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)176/10 : Ich am ofdred leste ich ga driuinde..mine fol þohtes..Ich mihte þurh godes strengðe schaken ham ofte of me.
- c1400 Wycl.Dominion (Dub 244)291 : Vnderstond, ȝe kyngis, and schaak of ȝou rudenesse, ȝe þat jugen londis.
e
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)84a/a : Þe humours þat þe defaute is inne schal be purgid or wiþdrawen by blood lese or by couenable purgacioun of medycyne; Me schal doo wiþinne byndinge medycynes, schakynge [vr. swagynge; L mitigatiua] & helinge, as water of roses wiþ wommannes melk.
5.
(a) To seize and shake (sb., a part of another person's body); grapple with (sb.); throw (sb.) down, pull down; also fig.; ~ berd, shake a person by his beard; also, overpower a person [quot.: c1330]; ~ bi the berd, shake (sb., an animal) by the hair on the chin; also, overcome (sb.) in battle [quot.: Minot]; ~ bi the biles, grasp (an argument), comprehend; ~ doun (oute), defeat (sb., an army, etc.), destroy; ~ hogge, ?boast, puff oneself up; ~ in shakel, shackle (sb.); -- used fig.; ~ in-to feteres, throw (sb.) into fetters, shackle; (b) fig. to frighten (sb.); disturb (sb.), trouble; ben shaken with, be dominated by (sth.); ppl. shakinge as adj.: frightening; shaken to, ?attracted to (God), roused with love for; ?attractive to (God); (c) to seize (a purse), steal; ~ awei, carry off (sth.); ~ oute of, rob (sb.) of (goods); strip (sb.) of (clothes); also, fig. persuade (sb.) to abandon (a monk's habit); (d) to drive (animals); (e) to carry (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1325 SLeg.Dunstan (Corp-C 145)81 : Sein Donston..twengde & ssok hure bi þe nose.
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)18 : Alle the popes clerkes han taken hem to red, If treuthe come amonges hem, that he shal be ded..If Symonie may mete wid him, he wole shaken his berd.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2205 : Ys berd was huge & straȝte along & Lukefer þo gan taket, And wyþ his fyngres þat were strong harde gan he schaket.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.135.15 : Þe lord of lordis..shook out [vr. shoc out; WB(2): caste a down] pharao & his vertue in þe rede se.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3476 : This carpenter..hente hym by the shuldres myghtily And shook hym harde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7509 : A bere, a leon, bath i mete..i laid hand on þaim be-liue And scok [Göt: schok] þam be þe berdes sua þat i þair chafftes raue in tua.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.217 : Towhille Sir Edward was aboute þe chare to take, þe kynge's side, allas, Symoun did doun schake.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4587 : But what shuld I any lenger dwelle..of the wrastlyng to telle..how eueriche other lugge gan and shake.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)11/30 : Þe right aire of þat cuntre Es cumen, with all his knightes fre, To schac him by þe berd.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4006 : He slombred, and a nappe he toke, Tyll shame pitously hym shoke.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)22.98 : On with two hondis him took, And Evene to therthe there him schook.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2654 : Wyth Coueytyse þou renne on rakle..Þou schalt be schakyn in myn schakle.
- a1450 SLeg.Suppl.Bod.(Bod 779)380/105 : Wit þe fend he was I-chake & þolid wel mochil wo.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)868 : So I can Lewedly to a lewed man Speke and shewe hym swyche skiles That he may shake hem be the biles, So palpable they shulden be.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)90/2673 : Prysone his eyen lest that ellis they him move; For if thei goon at large they wol him wake; So here and there wolle they him plukke & shake.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)263/24 : Whan þou bostest and braggyst, schakyst hogge & avauntyst þe, þou faryst as cuckow, þat euere syngeth his owen name.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)5005 : Aldahamall..was taken And in to stithe fettirs schakyn.
- c1475 Guy(4) (Cai 107/176)9488 : I shuld shake thy berd so sore, Thy teth shuld fall owte.
- a1500(?a1425) Ipom.(2) (Hrl 2252)824 : But if his spere all tobrakke, He wold hym to þe ground shake.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)181/499 : Youre nekkys shall I shak In sonder.
- a1500 Sire emperoure (Ashm 750)5 : By þe berd I schall hym schake, That ys skulle schall al tocrake.
b
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)1 Kings 16.14 : So the Spyrit of the Lord wente awey fro Saul, and the shrewid spyrit fro the Lord shook hym [Bod 959: waggede hym out; WB(2): trauelide Saul; L exagitabat eum].
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5768 : A cursed man..helpe..other with his teching; For where they good ensaumple take, There is he with veynglorie shake.
- c1450 Siege Jerus.(1) (Add 31042)527 : Schakande [Ld: Knyȝtes..Ȝeuen a schillande schout, schrynken þe Jewes].
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)84/7 : He wold put hem oute of þe world..þei..þus clene I-schake to þe hy kyng, schuld make a complacens in desiryng of her beute.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)1744 : Reherce rebellioun Or myscreaunce, and how thei be forsake Of alle goode; a Prynce as a lyoun May telle that aforn thei ha be shake.
c
- a1400(?a1325) Bonav.Medit.(1) (Hrl 1701)479 : Þey shokyn hym oute þan of hys cloþyng.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.323 : Tresore þat þei mot fynde, with þam away þei schoke.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.368 : If my neighbore had any hyne or any beste elles More profitable þan myne..atte laste I stale it, Or pryuiliche his purse shoke.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)7083 : Out of his abite he [Vortigern] hym schok, Syþen out of þe abbeye hym tok; In faire cloþes he hym cledde; Wyþ hym to Londone Constant he ledde.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)4514 : No lesse offendist þou than he þat schakith Men out of hire good, and from hem it takith.
- a1500 In a mornyng of May (Cmb Ff.5.48)83 : Þou louyst wel hir lokyng; When þi purse shakyn is, fare-wel, clerk, þi cossyng.
d
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.117 : Þe Scottis whan þei cam, bestes ouer alle þei toke; Hors & nete alle samen, bifor þer oste þei schoke.
e
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9907 : The grekes with grem..The shalke on his sheld shoke to his tent, As for ded of þe dynt dressit hym to ly.
6.
(a) To brandish (a spear, sword, etc.); wield (a weapon); ~ bost, boast, speak arrogantly; ~ hauberk, make war; ~ oute of shethe, unsheath (a sword); with shaftes for to ~, with brandished spears; shaking word, fig. a word or words assaulting the soul, words suggestive to sin; (b) to make (a coin, helmet, an article of clothing, etc.) vibrate, shake; also, batter (a crown); also, ?move (a horn) back and forth; ~ a ring, knock on a door; ~ up, rattle (chains).
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13217 : Þe eorles..scæken on heore honden speren swiðe stronge.
- ?c1225 Ancr.(Cleo C.6)51/2,3 : Lecherie..schakeð [Nero: schekeð] hire spere..& mid schakinde [Nero: schekinde] word ȝeueð speres wunde [Pep: schakeþ his spere, þat is, schakyng woord].
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)574 : His ax, þo he to him com so grisliche, he ssoc & vaste Þat þe king kwakede.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)885 : Schaftes þai gun schake, And riuen scheldes briȝt.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3645 : After hym folwede & schoke bost xxxti þowsant on an host.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Job 41.20 : As stobil he shal eyme the hamer, and scorne the man shakende [WB(2): florischynge; L vibrantem] a spere.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)199/17 : Robert þe Brus..shooke his suorde at þe hye auter and smote him on the heuede.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4697 : Martys swerd shal no more manace..Nor he no mor shal his hauberk shake.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4061 : The cherl his clubbe gan shake.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)69a/b : Vibro: to braundisshe or sheke.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)555 : Þey..Schoken out of scheþes þat scharpe was [?read: were] ygrounde.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.49 : Ther weddut he that lady briȝte, The maungery last a faurtenyȝte, With schaftes for to schake.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)426/24 : Trystrames..shoke hys swerde to the kynge and made countenaunce as he wolde have strykyn hym.
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)91 : They reryd batayle on euery side..There were schyldys and schaftys schakydde, Hedys thorogh helmys crakydde.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)4315 : Somme þere ben þat wel bost can shake And to a man faire semblant make, And seie þat he is his frende Þe while he wote oght in his hende.
b
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)591 : Þe fole schok þe brunie Þat al þe curt gan denie.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3844 : He vel & ssoc þe helm & deide in a stounde.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1315 : Thus herde y crien alle, And faste comen out of halle And shoken nobles and sterlynges.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1762 : My condicioune..Is no more to pley, þen who so shoke a rynge, Ther no man is within, þe rynging to answere.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)145/16 : A corone of fyne golde she bare on hir hede, whiche be diuers hurtes was so sore shakyn [CQ(2): brwsid; F esbranlee] that it was alleredy on the oon syde enclynynge downeward.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)47 : Aftyr the laste course, they crye the Kinges largesse, shaking theyre grete cuppe.
- c1450(a1400) Chev.Assigne (Clg A.2)356 : All þese knyȝtes..to þe watur turnen..shoken vp þe cheynes þer sterten vp þe swannes.
- a1500(?a1425) Ipom.(2) (Hrl 2252)787 : He went with greyhondis thre..And blew a grete horne also; He blew lowde and shoke it wele, That it ronge all þe castelle.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)29 : The..fendis..Schewid a similitude and shappis of..all the inordinat aray that euer j vsyd, and shoke hit and schwid hit vp to the hill.
7.
(a) Of seeds, fruit: to fall from a plant, scatter; (b) to shake (a tree, branch) so that flowers or children fall out; ~ doun, shake (fruit) from branches; also, force (a flower) through a sieve; ~ oute, shake (fruit) out of trees; (c) ~ oute, to thresh (grain, vetch).
Associated quotations
a
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)5.15 : At Auerel medike is forto sowe..First repe hit laat, that seedes sumdell shake.
- c1450(?a1405) Lydg.CBK (Frf 16)63 : Their frute shal take Ayens autumpne, redy for to shake.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.24.13 : For these thingus shul be in the myddel of the lond in the myddel of puples, what maner if fewe oile beries that lefen ben shaken out of the olyue tree, and cluster braunches, whan were endid the vyndage.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)289a/a : The yrchoun..clymbeþ vpon a vyne oþer on an appul tree and schakeþ doun grapes and apples.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)2512 : Bot lyons, lybardes, and beres bath Folowed þam to þat tre & shoked it so..Þat þe childer in þe ryver fell.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)126/32 : He..fond a fayr erber in þe whech he restyd þat nyght..wher cam a bere..schakyng þe pertre & fellyng down þe flowerys.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)7.240 : So sifte hit that the greynes stille abide Inwith the siue, and flouris doun to shake [L decidat]; This flouris smale into hony swettest slyde.
- a1450-a1475 Lydg.TB (Bergen)2.3347 : Braunchis..haue her frute be-hiȝt Ageyn autumpne, who so list hem shake Whan on vynes ripeth euery grape.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.6.11 : Gedeon..shekede out [vr. shockide out; WB(2): threischide out; L excuteret] & purgede whetys in þe pressynge place.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ruth 2.17 : Þat sche gaderide wiþ a ȝerde betynge & schakynge out, sche fond of barly..þre busshelis.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.28.27 : In ȝerde shal ben shaken out gith, and the comyn in a staf.
8.
(a) To shake (a wine mixture, ingredients in wine); -- also without obj.; stir (a fluid), beat (a medicinal preparation); shaken togeder, mixed; -- used fig.; (b) to pour (wine); ~ oute, pour (wine) out, draw off.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 6.38 : Thei schulen ȝyue in to ȝoure bosum a good mesure and wel fillid and shakun to gidere and ouer-flowynge.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)166a/b : Be þer put in þe scutelle als mych of hote water And be it stirred or shaken [Ch.(2): be it beten; L agitetur] with a spature so mych vn to it be made white.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)2.410 : An vnce of foylis take, A pound of oyle, and x vnce of this bayis; In half a sester agyn [?read: agyd] wyn do shake, And al this thing to boyle at oonys make.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.1096 : Six sester old wyn do to mirtes bayis v pound, & hem to geder al to shake, And shake hem dayly xxij dayes.
b
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)177 : Ȝif they fyndyn ony wyn that be corrupt..the ballives of the toun shal doo shakyn out that wyn in the hie strete.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.788 : iij of hem [pieces of salted fat] putte in thyn oxen throte. A sester wyne in with an horn let shake.
9.
In proverbial sayings.
Associated quotations
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mark 6.11 : Who euere schulen not resseyue, ne heere ȝou, ȝe goynge out fro thennes, shake awey the powdre fro ȝoure feet, in to witnessinge to hem.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 13.51 : Poul and Barnabas..the powdir of feet shakun awey into hem, camen to Iconye.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.890 : 'A ryng?' quod he, 'ye, haselwodes shaken!'
10.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1248) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames316 : W. Sakespere.
- (1275) Hundred R.Tower 27 : Henr. Shakelaunce.
- (1301) Nickname in LuSE 55156 : Will. Schaktre.
- (1325) Court R.Lan.in LCRS 41106 : Robert Schaketrot.
- (1351-2) Nickname in LuSE 55158 : Joh. Shakejauell.
- (1366) List Names in LCRS 31.2110 : Ricardus Shakerewet.
- (1384) Nickname in LuSE 55158 : Ric. Shaklady.
- ?a1400 Cart.Ramsey in RS 79.145 : Galfridus Schakeheved.
- (1435) Close R.Hen.VI365 : Ralph Shoklegge.