Middle English Dictionary Entry

senden v.(2)
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

Note: Cp. asenden v., isenden v.
1.
(a) To dispatch (sb.) as a messenger or on a mission or an errand; dispatch (sb. to sb. or to a place, sb. to do sth.); also fig.; send (a fleet to war); -- without obj.; ~ after, send (sb.) for (sb. or sth.), dispatch (an army) in pursuit of (sb.); (b) ~ message (messager, sonde), to dispatch a messenger or an emissary; also fig.; (c) ~ abouten, ~ forth, ~ forth biforen (toforen), ~ hider, ~ in, ~ oute, ~ thider, ~ to and fro, ~ up; (d) in proverbs.
2.
(a) To cause (sb., a child, a body) to be conducted or conveyed; allow (sb.) to go; return (a captive to sb.); release (a dove); ~ forth (hider, oute); (b) to convey (sb.) or cause (sb.) to be conveyed as a prisoner; commit (sb. to prison); -- also without obj.; send (sb. into exile); ~ forth (hider); ~ of (oute of) lond, force (sb.) out of the country; (c) ~ ayen, to send (sb.) back; send (sb.) back to (sb.), return (sb.) back to his or her own country; ~ hom ayen; (d) ~ forth, to dismiss (sb.), send away; ~ from (awei from), send (sb.) away from (sb.); also, refl. get away from (sth.); ~ oute, send (sb.) away; put out (beasts); -- used fig.; (e) to refer (a reader to another passage, sb. to a text); -- also without obj.; (f) of the will: to direct or compel (a person to good or evil).
3.
(a) Of God, a heathen god, an angel, etc.: to cause (sb.) to go (to a place or person); dispatch (sb.) on a divine mission; send (sb. to do sth.); also fig.; ~ hider; ~ oute from, remove (sb.) from (the face of the earth); (b) of God: to send (Christ into the world, Christ to mankind); ~ adoun (doun, forth, hider, hider doun); (c) of God: to send (an angel to the world), dispatch (a divine messenger to sb., an angel or a personified virtue to do sth.); of Christ: send (a heavenly host to do sth.); of Satan: send (a devil to sb. or to do sth.); also, send (his offspring) into the world; ~ adoun (doun, hider); ~ sonde; (d) of God: to charge (sb.) with a divine mission, give a divine commission to (sb. to do sth.); ~ forth; (e) of God or Christ: to provide (sb.) with (sb.); allow (sb.) to have (a child), ordain the birth of (a child); select (a prophet, sb. to be sth.); ~ to, send (a child, prophet) to (sb.); (f) to create (mankind); introduce (extortioners into the world); (g) to consign (sb. to a state or to heaven) through divine action or intervention.
4a.
(a) To cause (sth.) to be delivered or conveyed; send (sth. to sb.); also fig.; export (goods); -- also without obj.; exchange (gifts); also, exchange gifts [quot.: c1350]; ~ of, send (sth., sth. to sb.); (b) ~ ayen, ~ hider, ~ hom, ~ oute; ~ togeder, to exchange (gifts); (c) fig. to send (sth. to heaven), consign (treasure to heaven, one's soul to God, etc.); transmit (gladness, courage, etc.) to (sb.); ~ up; (d) to send (sth.) away, dispose of; donate (goods); (e) in proverb.
4b.
(a) To dispatch (a ship); ~ oute (over); (b) to serve (wine, food, gall as food, sb. with sth.), provide (sb. with a serving); ~ in; (c) to administer (an enema); (d) to circulate (a bishop's seal on a bull); (e) ~ socour, to send help to (sb.); (f) ~ over, to bequeath (servants to sb.); -- used without obj.
5.
(a) To cause (a document, letter, etc.) to be delivered; send (a letter, etc. to sb.); -- also without obj.; issue (a writ); also, distribute (a book); ~ oute (over); ~ writ after, issue a writ summoning (sb.); don ~; (b) to send (a message, an answer, words, etc.) by written means or orally by a messenger; send a written record of (sth., what sth. is, etc.); communicate (one's will to sb.); ~ doun, communicate (alterations to a bill desired by the king to Parliament); ~ oute; (c) ~ word, to send a message; transmit a message (to sb.), inform (sb.); -- often followed by noun clause; also, of God: issue a decree [quot.: a1382]; (d) in salutations: ~ gretinge (joie, pes, recommendacioun, worshipe, etc.); (e) to send a message to (sb.); inform (sb. that sth. is so, sb. to do sth.); ~ to seien, send a message or messenger to inform (sb. of sth.); -- followed by noun clause or direct quotation; (f) to dedicate (a book to sb.).
6.
(a) To send word or a message; dispatch a messenger (to do sth.), send somebody on a mission; of God: send a message or a divine messenger; command; give a command (to sth.); ?also, send help [quot.: a1450]; ~ forth; (b) ~ after, to send a message or messenger to summon (sb.) to come; send a request for (sth., help) to be sent; also, send men in pursuit of (sb.) [quot.: a1225(?a1200)]; (c) ~ for, to summon (sb.); send somebody to fetch (sth.); send a message requesting (peace, a truce, help); ~ doun for.
7a.
(a) Of God, a god, etc.: to bestow (a virtue, quality, mercy, grace, life, etc.), grant; (b) of God, pagan gods, etc.: to inflict (sth., a natural disaster) as punishment, impose (vengeance, penance, etc.); ~ doun; ~ in sword, induce the violence of the sword; (c) of God: to cause (a natural occurrence, a marvel); cause (sth.) to come into existence; introduce (a song into someone's mouth); (d) of God, etc.: to provide (a revelation, sign, counsel, an example, etc.); deliver or transmit (the Law, Holy Writ, etc.); -- also without obj.; (e) of God, Christ: to send out (the Holy Ghost), send out (the Holy Ghost to sb. or to do sth.); introduce (the soul) into a person; ~ doun (forth); (f) to inflict (a torture); of Satan: send (temptations), inflict.
7b.
(a) Of God: to provide or supply (a material object, goods, etc.); ordain (things in general) as someone's lot in life; grant or ordain (a state of affairs); also fig.; also, of God's songs: provide (spiritual food); (b) of God: to provide for (sb.); (c) of God: to provide; (d) sent of, authorized by (the king).
8.
(a) To emit (light, heat, a voice), give forth, project; also fig.; ~ adoun (forth); ~ in, fig. inject (light into the church); ~ oute, emit (light, flames, dew, a cry, etc.), expel (air); also fig.; ~ oute breth, die; (b) to transmit (nourishment, blood, a sight, etc.); transfer (food to a second stomach); put (water in a pot); ~ doun; ben sent, of blood: be changed (into water); (c) to reach out (one's hand), send out (roots, arteries, etc.); also fig.; (d) to direct (a prayer to God, a song to Jesus, thoughts to heaven or to God, one's sight toward a place); ~ bi, transmit (a prayer) to God through (sb.); (e) ~ forth, to finish (the canonical hours), discharge; ~ in, induce (sleep, silence, temptation), cause; ~ oute, expel (sth.), force out; (f) to shoot (a stone from a mangonel); throw (sb. or sth.); also fig.; -- also without obj.; scatter (seeds); sprinkle (salt); pr.ppl. as noun, in phrase: sendende an arwe, an archer; (g) ~ lot(es [see lot n.(1) 1.(a)].
9.
Misc. (a) ~ ayen, to intervene, take steps, counterattack; -- ?error for lenden ayen, used without obj. [see lenden v.2.(b)]; (b) in loan transl. of L immittere; (c) error for sen v.(1).

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3232 : He lette fuse him to flan swuðe kene and alle him to sende.
  • Note: New sense for sense 8.(f).
    Note: Gloss: to shoot (an arrow).
  • (1450) Let.Fastolf in Scrope Castle Combe275 : I am bonden for my lord Scales to my lord Cardnale in v.c. mark, the qu[ich] somme he kannot fynd no way to pay hit onlese then that he sel a parcel of his land, querfore he sendis ower a man of his called Pessemerche.
  • Note: New sense for sense 1.(a).
    Note: Gloss: ~ over, to dispatch (sb.) on a mission from one place to another.
  • a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)172 : Bi a decre, concludyng in sentence, With feyth assured as the statute bond, First thei shuld appere in the presence Off the Emperour, sent thidre fro eche lond.
  • Note: Additional quot. for sense 1.(a).
  • a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)1164 : Doun from heuene was sent a massage..A branche shold spryng out of Iesse. This newe tydyng to nazareth was sent, And Gabriel cam on this massage.
  • Note: Additional quot. for sense 5.(b).--all notes per MLL