Middle English Dictionary Entry

sellen v.
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1.
(a) To give (sth., sth. to sb.), present as a gift, bestow; also, give away possessions [quot.: Bod.Hom., 2nd]; ~ on honde, give (sth. into someone's hand); (b) to grant (sth. to sb.), render; provide (sth., sth. for sb.); do (sb. an injury); ~ mid, entrust (sth.) to (sb.); ~ on honde, pledge (sth. to sb.); kinges honde solde, granted by the king personally; (c) to administer (a medicine), administer (medicine to sb.); give (sb. curative food or drink); -- also without obj.; (d) to give up (one's life); deliver up (sb.); ~ on honde, deliver up (sb. to sb.); ~ to deth.
2.
(a) To sell, engage in selling; ~ and bien, bien and (or) ~, etc., buy and sell, engage in commerce; ~ forth, sell openly; yeven and ~, give and sell; -- used fig.; (b) to sell (sth.); -- also without obj.; offer (sth.) for sale; also fig.; (c) ~ awei, to sell off (sth.), dispose of; ~ contre, lease out a district (to a friar to beg in); ~ for, sell (sth.) for (money); also, barter (sth.) for (sth. else); also fig.; ~ to, sell (sth.) for (money); ~ to sale, offer (sth.) for sale; ~ up, sell off (wares); -- used fig.; (d) to sell (sth. to sb.); -- also without obj.; ~ o (of), sell an amount of (sth.); sell (sb.) some of (sth.); (e) for) to ~, for sale, to be sold.
3.
To sell (oneself, sb., sb. to sb.), sell (sb.) into bondage or servitude; -- also without obj.; also fig.; ~ in-to (in-til), sell (sb.) into servitude in (a foreign land); ~ in (to) servage, ~ in-to a servaunt (thral), ~ unto bondage.
4.
To betray (sb., Christ, a realm) for gain; betray (sb. to sb.) for gain; also fig.; ~ to deth, betray (sb.) to his death.
5.
Fig. or in fig. context: (a) to receive remuneration for (spiritual gifts, ecclesiastical privileges or benefices, bestowing of sacraments, etc.); (b) to gain temporal or eternal reward for (good deeds); (c) to sell (sb., oneself, one's soul to the devil or into perdition); barter away (heaven, heavenly joy, God's gifts, etc.), sell; ~ for, exchange (heavenly joy) for (earthly praise); ~ in-to (under), sell (oneself, one's soul) into (the bondage of sin); bien and ~ peine, traffic in (one's own) eternal punishment; (d) ~ dom (laue, etc.), to receive payment for rendering a favorable judgment; ~ soth (treuth), receive payment for advancing a falsehood or furthering an unjust action at law; (e) to give up (freedom of action); of a woman: sell (herself, her maidenhood); ~ awei; bien and ~, bargain over the marriage of (a woman); (f) to exact retribution for (an evil deed, an injury, insult); (g) ~ lif (deth), ~ lif (deth) dere, to sell (one's) life dearly, go down fighting; ~ to, sell (oneself) to (an enemy) by hazarding one's life in combat; (h) ~ lif, to sell (someone's) life, kill (sb.); bien and ~ , destroy (an opposing force); ben bought and solde, have one's fate sealed; of one's life: be forfeit; i have thi thrift solde, I have destroyed you; she mai me yeven and ~, she may do with me as she pleases; (i) bought and solde, of heaven: repurchased, repossessed from the devil; (j) in proverbs.
6.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • ?a1150 Aelfric Gloss.(Trin-C B.15.34)439/439 : Etan ne sealdon [alt. from: ne gereordodon].
  • Note: New spelling
    Note: OE: ge me ne gereordodan.
  • c1400 Apoc.(2) (Hrl 171)64/13 : And to þis beest was grauntid…to do who euere worschipiþ not þe ymage of þe beest be slayn…to haue þe marke of þe beest in her riȝt hond or in her forheed, & þat no man bie neiþir sille, but he þat haþ þe marke of þe beeste or þe noumbre of his name.
  • Note: Additional quote(s)
  • (c1452) Complaint Scrope in Scrope Castle Combe281 : Item, he bought me ayene; so he bought me and soilde me as a beste, ayens al ryght and lawe, to myn hurt more then Ml. marks.
  • Note: New spelling
    Note: Modify gloss 5.
  • (1450) Let.Fastolf in Scrope Castle Combe274 : Fyrst, for as moche as the mariage of the saide Stephen Scrope was solde to Sir William Gascoyng, the chefe Justice of Englonde, for v.c. marke.
  • (1450) Let.Fastolf in Scrope Castle Combe274 : Whan the sayd Gascoyng hade hym he wolde have solde hym agayn or maried hym the saide Stephen Scrope were he schulde have byn desparienged.
  • (c1452) Complaint Scrope in Scrope Castle Combe280 : Item, than for very nede I was fayne to selle a litill doughter I have, for myche lesse than I sholde a don be possibilite.
  • (c1452) Complaint Scrope in Scrope Castle Combe281 : First, where it is seyde that I was nat solde be my fader, Fastolf, to the Justice Wiliam Gascoyne, but at the instance, plesir, and grete prayer of my lady my moder, [etc.].
  • Note: Modify gloss 5.
  • a1450(?c1405) Man be war of (Dgb 102)54 : Deþ claymeþ eche man for hesse And sodeyn; deþ no dayes selle.
  • Note: New gloss--per MJW