Middle English Dictionary Entry
missen v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | missen v.(1) Also misse, mis(e. Forms: sg.2 mist(e; sg.3 misseth, missed, misses & mist(e, (error) misted; p. missed(e, missute & mist(e; ppl. missed, misset & mist(e, (error) moiste. |
Etymology | OE missan, p. miste & ON; cp. OI missa. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) To fail to find (sb. or sth.), notice to be absent or missing; become separated from (one's company, one's comrade); ~ path, lose (one's) way; ben missed, be absent; be noticed to be absent; ben missed awei, have disappeared; ben missende, be absent or gone; (b) to regret the loss or absence of (sb. or sth.); ben missed of, be mourned by (sb.); (c) to lose the company of (sb.); do without.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8919 : Itt comm till efenn, & ta þeȝȝ misstenn þeȝȝre child.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)18817 : Ich hit wiste, anan swa ich þe miste, þat þu icumen weore to Vðere kinge.
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(LdMisc 108)250 : Ake porfirie it burede aniȝt..Þo þe Aumperur þat bodi miste, he was wroth and wod.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1961 : He missed Ioseph and ðhogte swem, Wende him slagen, set up an rem.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7208 : Wawaines breþer..In Camalahot misten Wawain.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)416 : He hade missed is mayne & malskrid a-boute.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)3516 : He wend nane other men had wist On what wise þai Ioseph myst.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)16.266/478 : He missed placidas In ilke a leode..And Messageres sone hym fond.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4216 : The wyf..gan hir cradel mysse, And groped heer and ther but she fond noon.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.108 : Quen thai him missed, thai him soht Imang thair kith.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20792 : He wil noght tak þe cark on him Quar þat it be sua soght or nai, Þou hir bodi be mist [Frf: moiste; Göt: missed] o wai.
- a1400 Bevis (Eg 2862)p.76 fn. : When þat he fro me wende, He toke no leue, he is myssende.
- a1400 Cursor (Vsp A.3)986/120* : When þai missed his body, fast away þai fledd.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)994 : His make watz myst, þat on þe mount lenged In a stonen statue.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.1634 : Al þis while was so huge a reyne..Þat euery man hath his felawe myst.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.537 : Troilus..Hadde..mad gret ordinaunce..If that he were missed..That he was gon to don his sacrifise.
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)133/1071 : The kynges gane þaire mantills myse, And ilke mane askede..Where þay bycomene were.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)886 : To-nyȝte myssutte i my knyȝte, And hithir folut i him ryȝte.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)177/8 : Men on þe morn missid þe hors & sewid after hym & tuke hym.
- c1450 Siege Troy(1) (ArmsAr 22)40/494 : Þe weder changed, y myst þe paþ.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)5641 : Þe childe waked and his belt myst.
- c1450(a1400) Chev.Assigne (Clg A.2)83 : 'Where ar my lefe chylderen?' Whenne she myssede hem þer, grete mone she made.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Jas.(LdMisc 108)380 : His menbres þat he carf of euer-eft he dude misse.
- a1450(?1404) As þe see (Dgb 102)231 : 'Litel while he mon be myst,' So þe executours wol say.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)398/55 : Welcome this tide..Ȝe haue bene miste vs here among.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)3713 : His moyder morned, fro scho hym myst.
- c1460 Dub.Abraham (Dub 432)213 : Of my modre, I wot wel, I shal be myst.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1052/8 : Now mysse ye sir Launcelot, for he wolde nat a fayled you.
- a1500(a1400) Cleges (Adv 19.1.11)495 : We mynstrellys mysse hym sekyrly Seth he went out of cunntre.
- c1450(1446) Nightingale (Clg A.2)13/333 : Deth toke hym to, whom mony sore shall mysse.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)191/3818 : Woo was Beues..Whan he myssud Arondell.
c
- a1400(c1250) Floris (Eg 2862)793 : Now y shal swete Florys mysse; Ne shal noon other of me haue blysse.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)prol.196 : For better is a litel losse þan a longe sorwe, Þe mase amonge vs alle þouȝ we mysse a schrewe.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)63/232 : My blissyng haue þou enterly, Me bus þe mys!
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10575 : For the losse..of þat lele kyng Myche water þai weppit, þat worthy to mysse.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)127/16 : Madame..ye shall go with me, for I may nat longe mysse you.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.42 : For on þat ȝe merked, ȝe myssed ten schore Of homeliche hertis.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)30/237 : Here shal no man tary the, I pray the go to! Full well may we mys the.
1b.
(a) To lack (sth.); ben missed, be lacking; ~ eien, lack sight, be blind; ~ lore, lack understanding; (b) to fail to obtain (sb. or sth.); fail to attain to (happiness, truth, freedom); also, fail to reach (a place); ~ markes, fail to accomplish (one's) objectives; (c) to lose (sth.), do without; (d) to lose interest in (food, enjoyment); (e) to omit (sth.), fail to mention; (f) to fail (sb.), leave, desert.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Owl & N.(Jes-O 29)1640 : Nule ic wiþ þe playdi namore Vor her þu myst þi ryhte lore.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1818 : Here-to-fore of hardnesse hadestow neuer, but were brouȝt forþ in blisse..wiþ alle maner gode metes, & to misse hem nowþe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.312 : Lovedrunke..lisseth To him which other joie misseth.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.101 : For as a man may nouȝt se þat mysseth his eyghen, Namore can no klerke but if he cauȝt it first þorugh bokes.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1198 : Fro þat mete watz myst, megre þay wexen.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5646 : To paradys the sonner go He shal..Where that he shal noo good misse.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)340 : Myssyn, or wantyn: Careo.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)4.284 : This name is Ioye of soroughfull in distresse..Vesture in colde to hem that clothes mysse.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14959 : Sen I so lang haue myrthes myst, lord, spare me now þat I not spyll.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)8753 : Better might men wand Heer, eere, foot or hand, Þan he mighte þe nose misse.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)185/7 : I þet totore folc he misseð [Cai: missed; Tit: misses] his merken, & sið in ham iriht up godes banere.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)985 : Y rede Þat he þe barnes mis.
- c1390 Deus caritas (Vrn)38 : Nou crist, for his Moder sake, Let vs neuere þis place mis.
- c1390 Treat.Mass (Vrn)398 : Vr ffader vre al-weldyng is; God let vs neuere his murþes mis.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)189 : Man may mysse þe myrþe..For such unþewez as þise, and þole much payne.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.116 : That of the story þe trouth we nat mys..This was the fyn of his entencioun.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)5266 : For þe godhede es ful of blisse, Þarfor þe sight of it þai [ill men] sal misse.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)8000 : Þe dampned bodyse salle fredom mys.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)782 : Whanne the devel aspide..that his pray he scholde thus mis, thanne was the cursede schrewe wondir wroth.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)57 : Þe Badde Aungyl mornyþ þat he hath myssyd Man.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)39/37 : He schal mysse for euer þing þat he desyreþ.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)372 : Here xall be goode corn; he may not mysse yt.
- a1500(c1370) Chaucer Comp.L.(Benson-Robinson)43 : Al that thyng which I desyre I mis.
c
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1827 : Þei þat misseden here mete wold make gret noyse.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.836 : Many a wonder woful mone Sche made, that no lif it wiste, As sche which all hire joie miste.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17202 : If þou wil werc als i þe wiss, Mi merci sal þou neuer mis [Göt: misse].
- c1400 Seint Ieremie telleþ (LdMisc 622)92/23 : He ne schal so litel misse As þe lest her of his body.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)282 : Forto greyfe god thei had non aw, þerfor all myrthes son thei myst.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)44/27 : Ȝoure fadyrly love lete me nevyr mysse.
- ?a1475 LDirige(2) (Dc 322)71 : Thy mercy, lorde, late me nat mys, But Parce michi, domine.
- c1475 Earth(3) (Brog 2.1)26/64 : That myrthe for to myse, it wer a karful case.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)684 : Ȝe, yt ys a goode rennyge fyst. Such an hande may not be myst.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)2046 : It was no right þat he [Lucifer]..Shulde haue any parte of þat blis; Þerfore sodeinly he gan it mys.
d
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)574 : Here mete & al merthe sche missed in a while & seccleled in a seknesse.
e
- a1450(?c1350) Pride Life (ChrC-Dub)181 : Sire, þou saist as þe liste..Bot somthing þou miste, And þerfor hold þe stille.
f
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1640 : Nulle ich wiþ þe plaidi namore, For her þe mist þirihte lore.
2.
(a) To fail to succeed or prevail; fail; fail (to reach a place, be holy); of eyes: fail to function; ben missing, fail to act; (b) to lack, do without; also, impers. that him missed, what he lacked; (c) to end, come to an end; of day: draw to a close; of a candlewick: become too short to burn; ben to ~, come to an end; (d) to be absent or lacking; (e) to fail to observe; make a mistake.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)764 : Oft spet wel alute liste Þar muche strengþe sholde miste.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3872-4 : Ones he smot ðor on ðe ston And miste and sag ðe water gon; Anoðer siðe he went is ðogt Betre and softere, and ne miste nogt.
- a1350 Ase y me rod (Hrl 2253)58 : Preye we alle..þat we ne misse in þis world to ben holy.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3679 : For yit I shal nat mysse That, at the leeste wey, I shal hir kisse.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.1362 : Who loveth wel, it mai noght misse..Bot if that thei som weie finde.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)75 : Thow shalt not mysse To comen swiftly to that place deere That ful of blysse is.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)5/19 : Hys eyn myssyd so þat he mygth not se to make hys lettyr.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)340 : Myssyn, as eyne for dymnesse: Caligo.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)65/293 : Now, fadir, be noght myssyng, But smyte fast as ȝe may.
- a1500(?c1400) Song Roland (Lnsd 388)276 : Mahoun the blis, And help the ther-to, þat thow not myse!
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)2235 : Watir of litarge..wold not mys with water of Azogo to make lac virginis.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)9543 : The wille of God wole not misse, What so he wole, anoon it isse.
b
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)80 : No mon þet ðe [Saint Marie] ȝeorne bit of helpe ne mei missen.
- ?a1300(a1250) Harrow.H.(Dgb 86)244 : Hy sulen alle to heuene blysse; Þe curssede gostes sulen misse.
- c1330(c1250) Floris (Auch)490 : Nou schal swete Florice misse, Schal non oþer of me haue blisse.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.445 : Nil I naught swere..That in his thought he nas somwhat disesed..And wold of that hym missed han ben sesed.
c
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9964 : Þis castel es o beld and blis, Þar mirth es neuer mar to mis [Ld: dothe nevir mys].
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.228 : Euer in joy & blisse in alle þat þei may do, Þei wene it salle neuer misse [F fynye].
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)40 : Al the blysse That was betwix hem til the day gan mysse.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)32/15 : Oure weele schal neuer mys.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)5.668 : Thus shalt þou wayle..Lyenge in peynes whiche shul neuere mys.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)18/513 : For now my blis on hit is to missyne, Syn..y am from yow fare.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)248 : Gode ys..begynnyng wythowt begynnyge Ande ende wythowt ende, þat xall neuer mys.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)315/320 : In my blys that neuer shall mys, Thou shall dwell ay.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)2866 : Þe weike þat in þe candel is, Whanne it byginneþ forto mys, Þe fire slakeþ and is aweie.
d
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17586 : He [God] sitt in heuen hall, Yeitt es he þar-wit ouer all..And mist noiþer in heuen þen here.
- a1425 Blissed be thow Baptist (Wht)27 : He bring vs to þat blys Þer myrthes non mys.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)8459 : Foure colours a man haþ him ynne..Þe firste is blood, þat may not misse.
e
- a1225 Wint.Ben.Rule (Cld D.3)95/9 : Be þan þe on munstre mysted odð miswod [read: misfoð]. Gyf hwyl[c] swustre myst odðe misfehð on bodunȝe sealme, [etc.].
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)102 : Þo seyde vre louerd crist..Nymeþ gode yeme, þat ye nouht ne mysse. Hwam ich biteche þat bred..He me schal bitraye to nyht er he slepe.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)120 : Accedie is a wel foul sinne..And what it is wole þe wisse; Vnderstond, þat þu ne misse.
- c1400 I herd an harping (BodDon c.13)31 : Nou haf we mysset in our mynde.
3.
With of phrase [replacing the gen. obj. of OE]: (a) to fail to obtain (sth.); lack (sth.), be without; fail to attain to (sth.); ~ of blisse (merci); (b) to lose (happiness, bliss of of heaven, one's life); ~ of blisse; (c) to fail to accomplish (one's objectives); fail to fulfil (a desire, one's desire); ~ of dwale, fail to succeed in deception; ~ of markes [see marke (2) 8. (d)]; also, fail to offer (a prayer); (d) to make a mistake about (sth.); fail to identify (sb.); fail to find (a place); ~ of wei; (e) to fail to execute (a stroke); fail to hit (sb.); (f) to fail to rescue (sb.); fail to capture (one's prey); (g) to be short of (a specified age).
Associated quotations
a
- a1275 Seinte Mari moder (Trin-C B.14.39)58 : To þe, leuedi, mot i take ant myne sunnes al fur-sake..þat i ne misse of þine blisse.
- a1300 Leuedy for þare (Jes-O 29)7 : Help vs nv, þat we ne mysse of þat lif þat is to cume.
- c1300 SLeg.11000 Virg.(LdMisc 108)179 : God us graunti..þat we moten i-winne Þe heiȝe Ioye of heouene..Ne þat we neuere þarof ne missen.
- (1357) Gaytr.LFCatech.(Yk-Borth R.I.11)76/379 : Man withouten merci of merci sal misse.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1542 : If that I were riche..Of twenty thousand sheeld sholde ye nat mysse.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23546 : Bot þair blis þat þar wonand es, Es mirthes nan it mai of mis.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)551 : On spec of a spote may spede to mysse Of þe syȝte of þe Soverayn.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)25/119 : Of murnig may þou neuer mys, For þou ert cumberd all in care.
- a1425 Cursor (Glb E.9)28970 : Of grete mede þou sal noght mis.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3330 : Mercy, Lord, haue on þis man..Vnto þi grace þat he be tan, Of þi mercy þat he not mys!
b
- ?c1250 Ar ne kuthe (Gldh)32 : Nu had man wele and blisce; rathe he shal thar-of misse.
- ?a1300(a1250) Harrow.H.(Dgb 86)194 : To-day þou sal..comen to paradises blisse, Þerof ne salt þou neuere misse.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)9/122 : Hi wenden to wisse of here lif to misse.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)418 : 'Þeih sholen se god' aperteliche, In his godhede and in his blisse, Off which þeih sholen neuere misse.
c
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)653 : Lauerd, wune wið me..þet þeo þe beoð icumene..me to underneomene, moten missen þrof.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)825 : Ȝif þe uox mist [Jes-O: miste] of al þis dwole, At þan ende he cropþ to hole.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2229 : Bot on desire, of which I misse.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)40.22 : Of this preyere did sche nat Misse.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)901 : Who so of þer wil here misses Serues þe croun of endles blisses.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12482 : Hit happit hom full hard in a hond qwile, And mony of þo mighty to misse of hor purpos.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)864 : Aske mercy and hawe..Yf ye tary tyll your dyscesse, ȝe may hap of your desyre to mysse.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)108 : Oft of myn entent hath he made me mys.
d
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)667 : Of him yhe sall noght mys. Takes þe man þat I sall kys.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1416 : I shal thee so wel wisse, That of myn hous ne shaltow neuere mysse.
- c1400(?c1280) SLeg.OTHist.(LdMisc 622)30* : Teche me..to knowe god & yuel, þat I þerof ne mysse.
- a1500 A ferly thing (BodPoet e.1)p.26 : Thei ded not mysse of redy way.
e
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2389 : Eft vrgan smot wiþ main, And of þat stroke he miste.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6915 : He myst of þe mon with his mayn dynt.
f
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)85/1458 : Horn, nu crist þe wisse, Of Rymenhild þat þu ne misse.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2196 : Þe puple þanne porsewed forþ & of here prey þei missed.
g
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)575 : Al childer bad he sla þat of twa ȝere oght mys.