Middle English Dictionary Entry
lēnen v.(3)
Entry Info
Forms | lēnen v.(3) Also lẹ̄nen, lē̆n(e, lein(e, lenne, lāne(n, lōne & (early SW) læn(e, leone, (chiefly early SW & SEM) lean(e(n & (chiefly late) lē̆nd(e(n, lente, lenede. Forms: sg. 2 lēnest & (chiefly N) len(n)es, lens & (early SW) lenst, (early SEM) lanst; sg. 3 lēneth, lāneth, lōnit & (chiefly N) len(n)es, lens & (K & early SEM) lenth & (late) lē̆ndeth; pl. lēneth, lāneth, etc. & (early SEM) læneð; p. lē̆nd(e, lā̆nd, lōnde, (early SEM) lænde & lent(e, lant(e & lēned(e & (N) len; sg. 2 lentest, lantez, (early SEM) lændest & lēnedest; pl. lēnden, lenten, etc.; ppl. lē̆nd(e, lā̆nd(e, ilē̆nd, ilā̆nd, (early SEM) ilænd & lent(e, lant(e, ilent(e & lēned, (early SW) ilēned, ilēnet, ileaned, ileanet, gileanet. Contractions: lenestou (= lenest thou); lendestou, lentestou (= lendest thou). |
Etymology | OE lǣnan; sg. 3 lǣþ; p. lǣnde; ppl. -lǣned & (pl.) -lǣnde. Also ON; cp. OI lāna. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To give or grant (sth.) to (sb.); give to (the poor); pay (tribute); give, be generous; ~ to, give (sth.) to (sb.); (b) to give (sb. a woman) in marriage; (c) to grant or give (sb. strength, good will, love, etc.); spare (the life of sb.); give (sb.) permission, allow; give (law), afford (shade), allow (a longer time) for repayment of a loan; ~ love in, give (one's) love to (sth.); (d) to give (sb. a blow), address (words) to (sb.), shoot (an arrow) at (sb.); ~ livere (to, assault (sb.); (e) to offer (sb. one's hand); ~ ere to, lend an ear to (someone's voice), listen to.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)228 : Þis lond he hire lende þat come hir lifes ende.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3170 : Quatso he boden, sruð or sat, Egipte folc hem lenen ðat.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)36.27 : Þe ryȝtful ys merciful al day and laneþ [L commodat], and his sede shal [ben] in bliscynge.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)111.5 : Þat man shal be ioieful þat haþ pite and laneþ & ordeineþ his wordes in iugement.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.12.36 : Þe lord ȝaue grace to þe puple before þe Egipciens, þat þei wolde leene hem [WB(2): that the Egipcians lenten to hem].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4128 : Ek Cimpheius the Serpent To hire hath alle his scales lent.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.135 : Fifty þousand marcs had he lent abbeis Þat wer in pouerte, vp þam forto reise; Alle þat was gyuen & befor hand lent Þat was not in cofre whan he mad testament.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)1.155 : But ȝif ȝe loue lelly & lene [vrr. ȝeue to lone, releue, succurre] þe pore..Ȝe ne haue no more meryt..Þanne malkyn of hire maidenhed.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)7.16 : I shal lene [vrr. lenyn, len, lenden; fynde] hem lyflode but ȝif þe lond faile.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)7.207 : Loue hem & lene [vrr. lenne, lone, lenede] hem, & so þe lawe of kynde wolde.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)10.42 : But þo..lye on hem þat leneth hem no ȝiftes.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.238 : For lomer he lyeth þat lyflode mote begge, Þan he þat laboureth for lyflode & leneth it beggeres.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)13.107 : Þat louyeþ and leneþ hem, largeliche shal ich quite.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Luke 6.35 : Loue ȝe ȝoure enemyes, and do ȝe wel, and leene ȝe, hopinge no thing therof, and ȝoure mede schal be myche.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Rom.13.6 : Ideo enim et tributa prestitastis: and þerfore forsoþe ȝee lenyn trybutys.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)95a : Whiche hyhe þinges, we ioyen hiȝeliche þat þey ben I-leued or lant [L praestitum] to alle the world in oure dayes.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)36.27 : All day he has mercy and lennys..He has na nede, forthi..he has pite of helples, and he lennys, lerand and gifand almusdede till pore.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)544 : A lord were loþere for to leyne [vr. beyne] a k[n]aue Þanne swich a beggere.
b
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)3200 : Þo we[n]de þe welde-king þat hit were for gyle þat Leir king hire fader nolde hire him lene.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)981 : Hii wende to scottes þat þer were, þat hii..ssolde..lene hom wimmen þat hii miȝte hor ospring eche so.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)31567 : Ah ȝif þu wult me lenen & þine læue iunnen..ich wulle uorð aneouste and faren ouer Humbre.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)13/137 : Ant hwet is he, þes were..þet tu hauest wið ute me se forð þi luue ilenet þet tu letest lutel?
- c1225 St.Juliana (Roy 17.A.27)20/174 : Ȝef þu dredest..an dedlich mon þe liueð al aȝein lay ant leneð al his luue in liflese schaften..schuldich þenne for saken ihesu crist?
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)22 : Þe child..buskede him out of þe buschys þat were blowed grene & leued ful louely þat lent grete schade.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)4398 : Mercy ich craue; lene me lif..i þe praye.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.345 : Þere nys..non so moche wrecche Þat he ne may louye..and lene of his herte Goed wille & good worde.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.284 : Freres..borweth and bereth it þider and þanne biddeth frendes Ȝerne of forȝifnesse or lenger ȝeres lene.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)248/178 : But lokis by your lewty, No liffe ȝe hym lenne.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)1044 : Thynk appon Marie brighte, to whayme oure lufe es lentt.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)2545 : Þei leued the law þat moyses lent and vnto mawmentre mad þer mene.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)53 : Ne neuere shal the soule perfytliche see if this greenesse ne lene him miht and strengthe.
d
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)756 : Þu nost neuer þat þu menst, Bute lese wordes þu me lenst [Jes-O: lenest].
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)885 : So louely loue..lent him an arewe hetterly þurth his hert.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1233 : Þanne lente he swiche leuere to ledes þat he ofrauȝt, þat þe lif sone he les þat lauȝt ani dint.
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)141/1242 : And some he swilke a boxe lent Þat þe heued fro þe body went.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)4447 : Nemnius swilk a strok hym lent, Þat by þe schuldres þe hed of went.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.330 : Þey..pletid with pollaxis and..drowe out þe bladis And lente men leuere of her longe battis.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)247/136,141 : A swap fayn, if I durst, wold I lene the this tyde..I shall lene the a flap, My strengthe for to kythe.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)1020 : A grete stroke he had hym lente That the crowne wyth the hedde Vppon the sonde þere was leuydde.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)1155 : Sory wordys were me lente, To serue Felyce when y was sente.
e
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.3082 : Lene [vrr. Yeve, take] me youre hond, for this is oure accord.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.725 : And to Pandarus vois he lente his ere.
2.
With God, Christ, the Virgin Mary, Fortune, etc., as agent: (a) to bestow (money, wealth, possessions) on (sb.); give (the earth) to (mankind); -- often with contextual implication that the gift is temporary [cp. sense 3.]; godes lent, good things given or lent; lent lone, a lent loan, a transitory gift; (b) to give (sb. a quality, condition, faculty, etc.); grant (sb. grace, life, light, joy, strength, wit, a favorable wind, etc.); bestow (grace, light); ~ of, give (sb.) a portion of (light); ~ to, give (life) to (the dead); ~ with, endow (sb.) with (grace), reward (sb.) with (sorrow); (c) to grant or permit (sb. to do or be sth.); grant (that sb. do or be sth., that sth. happen or not happen, etc.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4699 : Þiss hallȝhe mahht..makeþþ þe full kisstiȝ mann Off whattse Godd te leneþþ.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.VA (Lamb 487)105 : Largitas, þet is..þet mon wisliche spene þa þing þe him god lene on þisse liue to brukene.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)5 : We heoueden mare wele on þisse liue..we ahte..þonkien hit ure drihten þe hit us lende.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)233 : He is hure fader; he lenð us his eorðe to tolie, he corn to sawe; his eorðe us werpð corn and westm, niatt and dierchin.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)217 : Man hoh..of þan þe god him haueð lend, loc to chirche bringen.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)11/31 : Of ðan ilche gode ðe he us hafð ilænd.
- ?c1335 Þe grace of godde (Hrl 913)70 : Þe gode þat god ham send, Þoȝ man hit hab, hit nis noȝt his, Hit nis ilend him bot alone Fort to libbe is lif iwisse And help þe nedful þat naþ non.
- ?c1335 Þe grace of godde (Hrl 913)102 : And bot þou hit hab ispend ariȝte, Þe gode þat god þe haþ ilend..To helle pine þou worþe isend.
- c1330 Þe siker soþe (Auch)30 : Y tel it bot a lent lan When al þe welþ of our wan Þus oway wites.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)6/7 : Hi uoryeteþ hire ssepere an leteþ him þet alle þise guodes ham lenþ.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)19/10 : Proude men..useþ kueadliche þe greate guodes þet god ham heþ ylend.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)78/10 : Abraham, Iob, and daviþ..deden hire profit of þe guodes þet god ham lende.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)120/8 : Þe oþre graces and þe oþre guodes he ous lenþ uor to usy ine þise liue, Ac þise byeþ yefþes ariȝt, wyþ-oute wyþnymynge and wyþ-oute lere.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)10242 : More loue þey gode þat he haþ sent þan þey do hym þat alle haþ lent.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10179 : In thrin his godes did he dele Þat godd had lent [Trin-C: lant] him of his lane.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)7.77 : Gregori..bad vs gyuen alle Þat asketh, for his loue þat vs alle leneth [vr. leues].
- c1400 Almighty god in trinite Inwardly (Eg 3245)5 : Of al þat þow lenist [vr. lennes] me Lord, ȝe, blissid mot þow be.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)2 Cor.9.10 : He..þat admynystrys þe seed to þe sowande, he schal lene [L prestabit] þe bred to ete.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)5993 : Alle..þat wrang and in ille entent Þe gudes spended þat God had þam lent.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)25/29 : Tyl þe nedful sal sho..nohf bere hir heȝe for þe helpe þat god hauis lent hir.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)114/26 : If þei hadden kepte hem as goodis lent, and not as her owne propre goodis, doutlees þei schulden haue forsake hem withoute peyne.
- ?c1425(c1390) Chaucer Fort.(Benson-Robinson)58 : Thou pinchest at my mutabilitee, For I thee lente a drope of my richesse, And now me lyketh to withdrawe me.
- a1450(1400) Eche man be war (Dgb 102)37 : Man of his owen hath no thyng..Man, not nys thyn, alle god lent.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)27/3 : God wel doiþ..when he wiþdraweþ fro hem þat he hem lente.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)1568 : He wolde þat almys..brynge..For his loue þat alle thyng has lende.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.42 : For gud his butte a lante lone, Sum tyme men [haue] hit, sum tyme none.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)3.305 : Brennius..spoilede the goddes of theym and temples, seyenge that the riche goddes lene [Trev.: mote ȝeve] somme of theire richesse to men.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)12/115 : Full long till hym I may me meyn, ffor..I traw that he will leyn me noght.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)13/118 : Lenys he me, as com thrift apon the so? ffor he has euer yit beyn my fo.
- a1500 Pennyw.Wit(2) (Cmb Ff.2.38)115 : Gode ys but a lante lone, Some tyme men haue hyt and some tyme none.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.16 : Icc hafe wennd inntill Ennglissh Goddspelless hallȝhe lare Affterr þatt little witt þatt me Min Drihhtin hafeþþ lenedd.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)122 : God ȝeue þet ure ende bo god and wite þet he us lende [vr. lenne].
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)3/17 : Heo, as þeo þet te hehe heouenliche lauerd hefde his luue ilenet, leafde hire ealdrene lahen.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1084 : Ah ȝef he nere soð godd..hu mahte he lenen [vr. leanen] lif to þe deade?
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)2/23 : Þe hehe healent..alle cristene men..hafeð ilened [Roy: ilenet] þet lif þet echeliche lesteð.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)38/5 : Seli meiden, hweonne is þe ilenet [Roy: ileanet] i þine leoðebeie limen se stealewurðe strengðe?
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)24/218 : Wjit, þe husebonde..þonkeð god ȝeorne..of se riche lane as beoð þeos sustren, his fowr dehtren, þet he haueð ileanet [Roy: gileanet] him.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)27/461 : Crist him lene spede [Ld: god lene þe wel spede], Þin erende to bede.
- c1300 Body & S.(5) (LdMisc 108)p.55 : Haddest þouȝ..Ȝwile us was lif togidre lent [vr. ylent]..bihiȝt amendement, Ne þorte us have friȝt ne fer.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)660 : Þat Man worþ ynne ybrouȝt Þat of whit þat god him leneþ ne byȝuteþ riȝt nouȝt.
- a1350 Lord þat lenest (Hrl 2253)1 : Lord þat lenest vs lyf ant lokest vch-an lede, fforte cocke wiþ knyf nast þou none nede.
- a1350 Heȝe louerd (Hrl 2253)105 : God vs lene of ys lyht, þat we of sontes habben syht ant heuene to mede!
- c1330 St.Greg.(Auch)67/259 : Þat day was hem no grace y lent.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)147/25 : Hit hat zaynte peter þet þe guodnesse [Vices & V.(2): graces] þet god ous heþ y-lend, þet we hise diȝte to oure nixte.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2326 : Swiche grace god lente þat þe prouost sone..was brout þider.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)4578 : Heuen king, heried mot ȝe bene, þat haþ þe lend lif vs alle to deliuere.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)590 : God sende þe þis þat al þe grace lenes.
- c1390 I warne vche (Vrn)12 : Loue him also, For he haþ lant þe lyf and liht.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)649 : Ne writer nan mai write wit inc Þe mikel ioy þat þam es lent Þat dos her will mi commandment.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.49 : Litel louiþ he þat lord þat leniþ [vr. lonyt] hym al þat blisse.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)348 : Ȝe, Lorde..Al is wroȝt at þi worde, as þou me wyt lantez.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2250 : Nay, bi God..þat me gost lante, I schal gruch þe no grwe.
- ?1403 Yk.BPrayer(1) (Harv Widener 1)64/13 : Ȝe sal mak your prayers..for al prelates..that god len thaim grace.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)1530 : All þa sayntes thanked him right þat slike lane wald þam len [vr. to þaim lene].
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2676-7 : I prai to Crist, hevyn kyng, Lady, len ȝow gude lifing, And len grace, þat al ȝowre anoy May turn ȝow unto mykel joy.
- ?a1425 Const.Masonry(1) (Roy 17.A.1)p.268 : Teche hym esely hyt to amende Wyth fayre wordes that god the hath lende.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)7/187 : Þi V wyttis..Þonke þi God þat land ham þe.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)1615 : God..lene hym grace in þat fyghte Wele for to spede!
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)1313 : When þe wynd was wel þem lent, Þey toke þer leue, & forþ þey went.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)196,199 : Al þe days of oure lifyng Er lent vs allane for þis thyng: For we suld here oure mis amend..Þair-for god lens vs oure lif-days.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)335 : Þou schalt..fare wel in alle thynge þat Lord þi lyfe hath lante.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)129/97 : Lorde, þat lenys þis lastand light..Kepe þe, sir kyng.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)138/11 : With grace þou has me lente.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3108 : With all þe Iolyte & Ioy þat Iubiter vs lenes [Dub: lennys].
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)1122 : Grace and helpe god sone þaim len.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)2532 : Grete god slik grace him len In myracles of heelyng to haue fame.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)232/17 : Hit is the goodnesse of God that lente me this strength.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)192 : With a drery dreme he dryves owte wordes, Þurghe sum lant goste lyfe of hym þat al redes.
- c1450(a1400) Chev.Assigne (Clg A.2)99 : He þat lendeth wit..leyne me wyth sorowe If i drowne ȝou to-day.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)3693 : I shall..euyr for yow specyAlly pray While god wyll me lyffe lente.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)144/114 : He that it send vnto my sight leyne me that grace!
c
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)215 : Vre louerd crist it lene us ðat his lage us fede.
- a1300 Hayl mari hic (Dgb 2)14 : Hayl mari..hic aske wit reuful cher þu len me her..do penanz in mi praier.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)4159 : In swilc ðewes lene us to cunen Ðurg quat we ben to liue numen.
- a1325(?c1300) NPass.(Cmb Gg.1.1)1965,1969 : Iesu Crist..Lene [vrr. graunte, send] vs þis strong pining To habbe in owre miming..And lene vs so wre lif to dithten.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)3555 : He len vs, lord..In his ways..for to wend.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)3571 : Þou len vs so to leue our syn..Þat we may..Byde in blys.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.125 : Our lauerd len us that we mai Drinc wit him wyn that lastes ay.
- c1400 Death Edw.III (Sim)p.218 : An ympe..I hope schal ben ur bote..Crist lene [vr. leue] that he so mote.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2872 : God..Len us to se him hale and sownde.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)113/98 : My dere sun..len þam so þaire mis to mend Þat þai may wende..Vnto þe blis þou boght þam till.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2083 : God..lene [vrr. leen; let, leue] me nevere swich a cas befalle!
- c1440(a1400) Eglam.(Thrn)144 : Cryste len þat ȝe part frende!
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1023 : God len vs so to be bowsum Þat we may til his kingdom cum.
- c1450 Chaucer TC (Hrl 2280)5.1750 : In ech estat is litel hertes reste; God lene [vr. leue] vs for to take it for the beste.
- a1475 Chaucer LGW (Add 28617)2086 : God shelde yt..And leene [vrr. leve; graunt] here affter I may yow Fynde To me..kynde.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)272 : Þe riche Kynge of reson..has lant me to last þat loves ryȝt best.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)1464 : Than went thay..to bede To oure lord god..That day sholde lene hem wele to spede.
3.
(a) To lend (money or goods) to (sb.); lend (money or goods), lend to (sb.); lend, be a moneylender; also fig.; ~ to, lend (sth.) to (sb.), make a loan to (sb.), lend (sth.) for (a purpose); ~ a wed, make a loan against something, something pledged as security; (b) to grant the temporary use or services of (sth. or sb.) to (sb.); entrust (sth.) to (sb.), commit (sth.) to (sb.) for safekeeping; (c) ppl. as noun: something lent.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)11/29 : We sculen bliðeliche ȝiuen and leanen, wið-uten erðliche mede, alle ðe niede habbeð.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)77/19,21,22,27,30 : Ȝif nedfull mann wile borȝin at te of ðin eihte, lean him bleðeliche..Gif ðu him lanst ani þing of ðinen and tu nimst aȝean more ðanne ðu him lændest..ðu art aȝeanes godes bebode..Ða riche menn ðe laneð here eihte uppe chierches..oðe uppe oðre þinges þe rentes ȝiueð and healden hes lenger ðanne hie hauen al swa michel swa hie ðar uppe lænden..hie bieð idemd for gouleres.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)79/12 : Sume, hi læneð here emcristen te halue biȝeate.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)781 : Ich þe lende [Corp-C: lenede] þo fif hondred pound, and þov ne ȝolde me nouȝt on.
- c1300 SLeg.Nich.(LdMisc 108)138 : With-oute faille..ne dredez ou riȝt nouȝt. Ȝif ȝe me wollez þar-of lene, þat eov schulle faili ouȝt.
- c1330 Þe siker soþe (Auch)82 : When þou has gaderd & yglened Long lyopon & [?read: lyopenand] lened, Sparely þi gode spened..Þe war leuer swelt vnder sword Þan parti of þi peni hord.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)35/6,33 : Þer byeþ zeue manere gaueleres: lenynde, þat leneþ zeluer uor oþren..iewes and þe caorsins..leneþ and destruiþ þe contraye.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)36/1,2 : Þe uerþe manyere is ine ham þet leneþ of oþremanne zelure oþer borȝeþ to litel cost uor to lene to gratter cost.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)37/1 : And huanne hy..him lende a lite corn, hi habbeþ þri paneworþes of worke uor ane peny.
- (1371) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.102 : Robart londe hym a ȝen a bussel of bare..and a toluet of hwet..and londe hym a ȝ[en] iiij d. and ob.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.15.6 : Þou shalt lene vnder wed to many folk of kynde & þy self shalt borwe of no man.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.15.9 : Be war lest..þou torne awey..not wilnynge to lene hym þat he askeþ to borwyn.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.29.10 : Manye, not bicause of shreudenesse, lenten not [L non fænerati sunt], but to be bigilid wilfulli thei dradden.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 11.5 : Who of ȝou schal haue a frend..and schal seie to him, 'Frend, leene to me thre loouys.'
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.79 : But sendeþ lettres..to Aryon..and praye hym þat he lene [L præstet] me as moche as me byhoveþ.
- c1390 Þe wyse mon in (Vrn)105 : Whon þou lenest þi þing, tak hede of þis: To whom þou lenest and what he is.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1544 : For ye so kyndely this oother day Lente me gold..I thanke yow.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1026 : Lene me a marke..but dayes three; And at my day I wol it quyten thee.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1406 : Lo, swich a lucre is in this lusty game..it wol..maken folk for to purchasen curses Of hem that han hir good ther to ylent.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6795 : If þat þou lenis [Frf: he þat lenis] ani thing, Þow ask it noght wit occiring.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28404 : Agains will i lent my thing And quilum tok þar-for okeryng.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)14033 : In cuntre som tyme was a man Þat lante penyes of þat he wan; Þis man he was an okerere.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.247,253,254 : I haue lent [vr. Ilente] lordes and ladyes my chaffare, And ben her brocour after and bouȝte it myself..'Lenestow [vrr. Lenedest þow, Lendestow, Lentestow, Lentist þou] euere lordes?'..'Ȝe, I haue lent lordes.'
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Deut.28.12 : And thou schalt leene [WB(1): okyr; L fænerabis] to many folkis, and of no man thou schalt take borewyng.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)186 : And that is she that for usure Leneth to many a creature, The lasse for the more wynnyng.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)291/5 : If it were a ȝifte of litil valu and he wiþ entent resceyueþ it for a prys aboue þe loone þat he hath lent hym, it is vsure.
- c1425 Treat.10 Com.(StJ-O 94)29 : Ocur is on diuerse maneres, As if..þou lene a weed to a day be enprise & he breke þe day, þou takest alle.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)296 : Leendyn [Win: Lennden]: Presto, fenero, feneror, mutuo.
- (1440) Wars France in RS 22.2443 : The saide cardinal lante you foure thousand pounde upon certein jewelles preysed til two and twenty thousand marc, with a letter of sale that, and they were [not] quytte at a certaine day, ye shulde lese them.
- (1445) Wars France in RS 22.1466 : Richarde and other of his assent..seide..that the Staple must lene him a grete somme of money.
- (1448) Wars France in RS 22.1484 : We..charge you..to have and to take of us the saide vij c xlij li., as for monney lent unto us in ful paiement.
- a1450(a1401) Chastising GC (Bod 505)127/17 : Sum tyme þei wil ȝeue largeli her goodis for þe loue of god, and sum tyme þei bien so harde þat þei wil neiþer ȝeue ne leene.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)2381 : Whan hir couenant is Nat to hem kept..Loth wolde hem ben eft-sones for to lene.
- a1450 Myne awen dere sone (Vsp D.13)676-7 : Avise the wele To whame þou lens þi catele. Thy gude to swilke a man may þou len Þat eftir will þe toyle and tene.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)318/353-4 : If it ware youre lekyng..for to lene it, xxx pens I wolde ȝe lente on-to me.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2:Peacock)1181 : Hast þow I-land any thynge To haue the more wynnynge?
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)85/2531 : Who so that lust aqueynt him silf with sorowe..I haue y-nough to lene who wolle it borowe, Nor recche ageyne though they me nevir pay.
- (1464) Let.Ormond in Fortescue Works24 : In all this contray is no manne that wolle or may lene you any money.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)68/24 : Ech such habundaunt man in goodis is bounden..forto frely leene of his superflue goodis to his nedi neiȝbore, if of þilk neiȝbore it is hopid þat he schal mowe aȝen paie or aȝen quyte it.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)434 : The vserer so leneth [F cargent] hem litill and litill that at laste thei moste selle there heritage to hym that so longe hath it coveyted.
- a1500 I had my syluer (LdMisc 23)2 : I lent my good To my ffrend..I lost my [good] and my [ffrend].
- a1525(?1429) Cov.Leet Bk.121 : The seyd Laurance..hathe reseyued..c li. of the summe..the whiche was lante to seyd Duke..The whyche c li..Laurance hathe payd to hem that lant hit.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3680 : Ich þe wulle lanen [Otho: lene], of mine leode-folc, fif hundred schipes ifulled mid cnihten.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3974 : Þe king him lende ane ferd of his kennest folke.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4383 : Seoððen ȝern to þan kinge þat he þe læne ferde to lede to þine lond.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6247 : Ich eow wullen lanen [Otho: leone] of mine leod-folke fouwerti hundred cnihtes.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11494 : Læn [Otho: Lean] me Mauric þinne sune, þe is a swiðe wis gume.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)31621 : He wulle..Oswi king al fordon ȝif ic him lenen [Otho: leane] wulle mine leoden to vulste.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)108/8 : Ȝef me ȝemeð wurse ei þing ileanet [Cai: ilened; Nero: ileaned; Recl.: lent] oðer bitaht to witene, þen he wene þe ah hit, Nis hit..ȝemeles of slawðe?
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)162/9 : Þe leafdi..hefde ileanet [Nero: ileaned; Tit: lant] to a wake a wummon an of hire weden.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)111/17 : Þeo ancre þet wernde an oðer a cwaer uorto lenen [Cai: to leanen], fulueor heo hefde heoneward hire eien of bileaue.
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.20 : Swech man havi land [vr. ichave ilend] mi cloþ Þat ofte haveþ imaked me wroþ, Er hit come aȝein.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)10515 : Ȝif..Þou woldest me lene twelfe of þine sipes..in to see ich wolde fare.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)25178 : For to bi-ȝeten þin rihtes, ich leane þe [Clg: i þe lede] ten þousend cnihtes.
- c1300 SLeg.Pilate (Hrl 2277)234 : Len me a knyf þis appel to parie.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2072 : I shal lene þe a bowr..Til þou mowe ful wel go.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.22.10 : Ȝif any lene [WB(2): bitakith] to his neyȝbour ox..schepe and all beest to kepyng..þer schall be þe law of oþe in þe mydyll.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3777 : That hoote cultour in the chymenee heere, As lene [vr. leneth] it me; I haue ther with to doone.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.423 : Ek the god Mercurie also Lente him a swerd.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6773 : If i lent [Frf: lente] þe suilkin beist Þat ded be or spilt..And i mi-self noght in present, Þou sal it quit wit iuiement.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15197 : Til þe lauerd o þat hus Yee sai on mi parti Þat he yow wald len sum place To make vr mangeri.
- a1400 Ancr.Recl.(Pep 2498)104/21 : Atholde fyndels lant amys, nys it coueitise oiþer þift?
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)737 : I sal lene þe here mi ring, Bot ȝelde it me at myne askyng.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1542 : I wald never for nakyn wight Lene it are unto na knyght..Ȝemes it wele now for my sake.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3053 : To Resoun thanne praieth Chastite..That she hir doughter wolde hir lene To kepe the roser fresh and grene.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.RMArticles (Corp-C 296)221 : Þei drawen not noble bokis..& neiþer ȝeue hem ne lene hem ne selle hem to curatis & clerkis.
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)730 : Sere, off ȝoure goode hors lende me on.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)9336 : A swerd ye shall haue..And for youre love I woll yow hit lene [rime: kene].
- c1450 As Reson Rywlyde (Lamb 853)141 : If ony man loue me, lene me a plase Where y may wepe my fille & reste.
- ?c1450 Nicod.(1) (Sion Arc.L.40.2/E.25)605 : A corked mantil þai hym þan lent.
- (1463) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2.p.68 : No man..schall nott socoure his Frende..with his apprentyce, nothir hyre hym nother leene hym nothir also to labour in his occupacion with his wyfe.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)750/24 : I pray you to lende me youre armour and youre shylde.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)842/24 : I muste pray you to leane me youre hole armoure.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)4.127 : Men of Cartago, lenynge theire armoure to oþer peple, were soory.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)683 : To hys lorde he can meene And preyed hym þat he wolde hym leene Wepyn, armowre, and stede.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)697 : Y schall lende þe all my gere..And helpe the at thy nede.
- a1525(?1466) Cov.Leet Bk.334 : Also they woll that no retaylers in the Cete take no hyr for the lone of strykis, half-strykis, nor hopus lande to the salters.
c
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28398 : Lante & thyng me was taght I held ouer-lang as i noght aght.
4.
(a) To sell (sth. to sb.), sell to (sb.); (b) to borrow (money or goods); (c) to receive (love, permission), obtain; (d) to exchange (money); (e) math. to be borrowed from in subtraction; ten to ~, ten to spare, ten in addition.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4739,4742 : 'Ha reuth on vs..And len vs sumquat o þi sede'..'I sal yow lene,' þan said ioseph.
b
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.72 : Ȝif eny good man..leiþ his good to þe commune nede of þe town, by þe hondes of þese sexe y-swore by-fore y-seyd be y-lened [F enprompte] by skore oþer by þilke selue y-ȝolde.
c
- ?c1350 In sory tyme (PRO SC 2/175/41)p.287 : Y may not liue, y nam but lore, hure loue to lenun & y ne may.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)18465 : Be doumbe of speche..til þat þan Þat ȝe haue lent his leue ȝou to his derne priuetees to vndo.
d
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)15561 : Menn att bordess sætenn þær Wiþþ sillferr forr to lenenn.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)15795 : Menn wiþþ sillferr sætenn þær To lenenn itt te lede.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)15801 : Þurrh þe prestess wære þeȝȝ Sette to lenenn sillfer.
e
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)1828 : Adam, for þou has left my lare..Un-to þi body sall I send Sexty woundes, and ten to lend.
- ?c1425 Craft Number.(Eg 2622)12/39 : Þou mayst not borow of þe cifers, for þai haue noȝt þat þai may lene or spare.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.203 : Holy chirche dampnyth it in hem þat lendyn up usure but nout in hem þat borwyn for nede.
Note: New phrase