Middle English Dictionary Entry

hō̆ngen v.
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

Note: Cp. ahon, anhongen, bihon, bihongen, forhon.
1a.
To suspend (sb. or sth.) from an elevated point: (a) to hang (sb., his corpse, or parts of it) up by the feet, hands, or hair; ~ up, ~ up bi the fet, etc.; (b) to fasten or mount (sth. on sb. or sth.) so that it hangs; hang (sth.) on a hook, a pin, etc.; ~ up; henget (= heng hit) also fig.; ~ up axe (hachet, knif), cease what one is doing, stop trying, give up; (c) to suspend or fasten (sth. around one's neck, shoulders, etc.) by means of a cord, band, or string; loop or drape (sth. over sth.); place (a bridle on a horse); (d) to suspend (vessels, bells, chandeliers, or the like); ~ up; also fig.; ppl. honged, suspended; honged laumpe, a suspended lamp; (e) to put up (hangings, tents); hang up (banners); set (sth.) out (to be dried).
1b.
(a) To take hold of (sb.) so that he remains in a suspended position; (b) to set (the arm or foot) in a sling or loop hanging around the neck or shoulder; (c) to set (a door or gate) on its hinges; ~ with, of gates: be hung on (a hinge).
1c.
(a) Of persons, bodily parts, or dead bodies: to be suspended (by the hair, limbs, etc.); (b) of things: to hang (on a wall, tree, building, etc.); be suspended (from sth.), be hung (on a nail or pin); of flowers, fruit, leaves, branches: hang or grow (on a tree or plant); also fig.; honginge goter, ?an eaves trough, ?a downspout; honginge lok, ?a padlock [cp. henglok]; honginge rinde, a loose piece of bark; honginge rolle, the suspending part of a surgical belt or truss; (c) to be suspended (from a chain, string, band, etc.); dangle, hang; ppl. as adj. honginge, of chandeliers, vessels, plummets, etc.: suspended; (d) to be suspended (about one's neck, by one's side, on one's body, etc.) by means of a cord or band; be looped (about the neck or arm); of saddles: be set (on a horse's back); ppl. as adj. honginge, of a purse: suspended; (e) to remain in something that is suspended; (f) in proverbs and sayings.
1d.
To be provided with things that are suspended or fastened.
2a.
(a) To put (sb.) to death by hanging on a gallows or gibbet; ~ and drauen (to-drauen); ~ on loft, ~ (on) heigh, ~ upon heighte; ~ bi the chin (hals, nekke, throte, wind); ~ on galwes (tre, galwe-tre); ~ on gibete; also fig.; ppl. honged, of persons: dead from being hanged; -- also as noun; (b) to hang (sb.) on a cross, crucify; ~ and drauen, ~ (an) heigh, ~ on heighte, ~ on (upon) the cros, ~ on rode (tre, rodetre); (c) refl. to kill oneself by hanging; (d) in asseverations, imprecations, and expressions of anger.
2b.
(a) To die by hanging; ~ and drauen, be hanged and drawn; ~ (on) heigh; ~ bi hals (nekke, throte); ~ on galwes (galwe tre, tre, gibete); ~ upon tre (heighte); (b) to hang on a cross; be crucified; ~ heigh, ~ on heigh (heighte); ~ in (on, upon) cros (tre); ~ on (upon) rode; ~ on rode tre; (c) in asseverations and imprecations.
3.
Of clouds, stars, miraculous objects, etc.: to remain in suspension, float; hang (in the air).
4.
(a) Of persons: to lower or bear (one's head, eyebrows, or chin) down, as for sorrow, worry, shame, deliberation, etc.; ~ adoun (doun); ~ chere, pull a long face; of animals: hold (the ears or tongue) in a drooping or hanging position; ~ oute; (b) of a person's or animal's bodily parts or organs, pathological growths: to hang, bend down; of limbs: be limp; of cheeks, faces, lips: sag; ~ doun (oute); also fig. of the heart: be downcast; (c) of hair, eyebrows, beards: to flow, droop; ~ adoun; (d) of furnishings or articles of clothing: to drape, hang; ~ a)doun; (e) to be in a downward or lowered position; also, extend downward; ~ dounward; ppl. honginge, of a nerve: ?descending in a downward direction; of shoulders: ?sloping; (f) ppl. as adj. honginge, of a hill: steep; as noun: declivity; (g) to lean (to one side), bend; fig. ~ of, side with (sb.).
5.
(a) To adorn (a place, room, or bed with hangings), cover; decorate; deck (a horse) with trappings; honged (hunge) bed, a bed furnished with hangings; (b) to affix (a seal); (c) ?to cover (seeds) with earth, sow.
6.
(a) To set (things) up, construct; (b) to support (a bodily organ or part); fig. ~ up, ?uphold (sb. or his heart), strengthen; (c) to attach (a muscle).
7.
(a) To stick (to sth.), adhere; ~ bi (in, on, upon); -- also refl.; (b) to cohere; ~ samen, ~ togeder(es, of things: remain in one piece, hold together; ppl. honginge, of liquids: thick, viscous; (c) to hold (on to sth.); cling (to sb. or sth.); (d) ~ at, to follow (someone's bidding); ~ bi, ?trust in (sth.); ~ on (upon), cling to (sth.); stick with (sth.); ~ to, adhere (to sb.), follow; ~ on hals (nekke), hang on (someone's) neck, be a burden to (sb.); ~ on seil, ?be in (someone's) company, be with (sb.); ~ upon lappe, belong to (sth.), be part of (sth.); (e) ~ on (upon), to adjoin (a place, an area), be adjacent to or connected with.
8.
(a) To remain or be (in a place); remain (in a state or condition), be set, be fixed in a state or position; (b) to persist (in a course of action); also, dwell upon (a thought), linger; ?hanker (after sth.); (c) ~ in balaunce, to be subject to (someone's) disposition or decision; ~ in honde, be under (someone's) control; (d) to vacillate (between contending emotions), be undecided; ppl. honginge, of life: uncertain, unstable; ~ in balaunce (peise, doute), of persons: be in suspense; be undecided; of love: be unstable; of worldly bliss: be subject to fate or chance; of persons, their life, honor, destiny: be in danger or jeopardy; ben honged in balaunce, of life: be endangered [see also balaunce, jupartie, peise].
9.
(a) Of sins, emotions: to weigh upon (sb.), be with (sb.) continually; -- with on, upon; ~ in herte, of feelings, thoughts: weigh in (someone's) heart; (b) ~ over hed, of eventualities: to be in store for (sb.); be imminent for (sb.); threaten (sb.); (c) ~ upon the name, to be recorded against the name (of sb.); ?be charged against, be owed by (sb.).
10.
(a) Of disputes, negotiations, pleas, suits: to await settlement or resolution; ~ in compromise, await arbitration [see also compromise]; ~ in debate, be in dispute, be the subject of legal controversies [see also debate]; ~ in honde, of actions or matters: be delayed, suffer delay [see also honde]; ppl. honginge, be suspended in discussion or explanation; (b) ppl. honginge, pending; (c) ppl. honginge, during.
11.
(a) To depend (on sb. or sth.); -- with bi, in, of, on, or upon; ~ of, owe a quality or characteristic to (sth.); (b) to result (from sth.); be based (on sth.); (c) ~ in (on), to concern (sth.), pertain to (sth.); ppl. honginge, belonging (to sth.), being an appendage (of sth.).
12.
To spend, expend; ~ on, spend money for (sb. or sth.); honginge in, ?paying (a sum of money), ?owing (a sum).
13.
To judge; ~ in a balaunce, weigh (sth.); judge; ~ in weights, be judged; ~ at, be decided by (someone's word).
14.
In place names [see Smith PNElem. 1.233, 243].

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1500 Tale Basin (Cmb Ff.5.48)p.52 : The shevyll sticked there fast, withowte any dowte, And he hengett on the ende
  • Note: Additional quote(s)
  • c1400 WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Luke 19.48 : Hangid up or al ocupyed [DC 362(2): Al the peple was al ocupyed [L suspensus], heeringe him].
  • Note: New sense
  • c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1782 : Men rather yow to hangen oughte!
  • Note: Additional quote(s) for 1.(a)

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.28vb (2.2) : Gode tokenes in seke man..Spatel white in colour and hongand wel togeder, and if he mai delyuer him þerof at onys or twies or 3 at þe most.
  • Note: Additional quot., sense 7.(b). New spelling (pr. ppl.) = hongand.
  • ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.108vb (3.17) : If it [sperm] appere in gode grete parties..hangond & ropand & but fewe and somdel incorporate wiþ þe vryn..it seiþ þe 'gomorre.'
  • Note: Additional quot. New spelling (pr. ppl.) = hangond.