Middle English Dictionary Entry
heuen v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | heuen v.(1) Also hē̆w(e(n, heu, ewe, heuwen, hevin, (early) hæwen, hæuwen. Forms: sg. 3 hē̆weth, etc. & hē̆wþ; p.sg. heu, hẹ̄̆w(e, heou, hewȝ, hieu, hiewh, how, hūe, hūȝ & hē̆wed(e; pl. heu(en, hẹ̄̆w(e(n, heowen, heuh, hīwe, hūwen, hwen, (early) heouwen, heuwen & heud, hē̆wed(e(n; ppl. heuen, heun, hē̆we(n, ihē̆we, iheuwe, howen, (early) hæwen, heawen & i)hē̆wed. |
Etymology | OE hēawan; sg. 3 hēaweþ, hīewþ; p. hēow, hēowon; ppl. gehēawen. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To chop (sth.), cut, hew; esp. to chop (trees), cut down; -- also intrans.; ~ a)doun, cut down (a tree, a wood); ~ in (on, upon), chop (sth.), cut into; ~ of (awei), cut off (a limb); ~ up, remove (a tree) by cutting; ~ to pece(s, cut or chop (sth.) to bits; ben i)hewed, of a tree: be pruned severely, be mutilated; up ihewe, removed by hewing; (b) in prov.; (c) to dismember or mutilate (sb., a part of the body); dress (an animal), cut up (a fish); ~ of, cut off (the head, hand, etc.); ~ asonder, ~ a (in) two, ~ to (in, on) peces, etc.; (d) to tear (sth.) with the teeth or tusks; (e) to strike (fire from a flint); (f) fig. to grieve (sb.); cut (love in two); of the tongue: be cutting; ~ up, destroy (sb.); ~ upon, think about (sth.) bitterly or violently; etc.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9285 : Illc an treo þatt..Ne bereþþ nohht god wasstme Shall bi þe grund beon hæwenn upp & i þe fir beon worrpenn.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)28030 : He bar an his honde ane wiax stronge he bigon to hewene [Otho: hewe] hardliche swiðe.
- c1300 SLeg.Chris.(LdMisc 108)185 : Þis maydenes nomen heore gurdles boþe ant to heom [the idols] teiden faste, and to-drowen heom in-to al þe strete and heowen heom to peces þere [Hrl: & hewe hem to douste þere].
- c1300 SLeg.Nich.(LdMisc 108)160 : Seint Nicholas..dude heom for-sake þe feondes lore and hewe a-doun þat treo.
- a1325 SLeg.Juliana (Corp-C 145)154 : An angel wiþ a naked swerd to þe weol aliȝte And heu it al to smale pece.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)21/459 : Þe gardiner, as his louerd het, Hew awai þe bouȝ al swet.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)22/484 : Þe ȝonge impe..Had large roum..for þe elde tre is so ihewed.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)77/1643 : Þe gode burgeis..fond his ympe vp ihewe.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.6.30 : He haþ destrued þe auter of baal & hewe [vr. hewen; WB(2): kittede] doun þe wode.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2865 : He..leet anoon comaunde to hakke and hewe The okes olde and leyen hem on a rewe.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.263 : As water bowes beeþ i-kutte and i-hewe of treen.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)8.283 : Þat tyme the woodes in Wales were i-hewe [vr. yheuwe] adoun.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2834 : Hew doun this tree and lett it falle.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8807 : Son þe tre was heun [Göt: heuen; Frf: hewen] dun.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)1217 : Al hard bycom his skyn Als eny balayn or horn to hewe yn [Hrl: hewen vppon].
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)42/11 : And he comaunded to þe vynour þat he hewe it vp.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3390 : Iason..Hath with his swerd spent on him many stroke, And leied on him as men hewe on an oke.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)677 : For þe ald [tre] has so bene hewid, Þarfore es it al bishrewed.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)126/23 : Men hewen [Man.(2): hewez] the trees with an hachet all aboute the fote of the tree.
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)5b : An instrument wherwiþ we hewen clepen we an axe, & I axe god mercy of synnes þat I haue don.
- (c1426) Paston2.12 : Certeyns maffaisours..with carpenteres axes the yates and the dores of the seyd place hewen.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)239 : Hewyn a-wey: Abscido. Hewyn downe: Succido. Hevyn, or schoppyn to-gedyr thyngys of dyuerse kyndys: Conscido.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)6.60 : Now as the treen beth cladde in her estate, ffor gutteryng to hewe is and to hent.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)7.108 : The bowes of that tre That heier beth, let hewe of or diuyde Away.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)112b : Loke welle þat þi trees of whiche þou schalt make þi galeies ben Ihewe doun in couenable tyme.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)17.251 : Tho that the brawnches gonnen forto hewe, It weren the Fals Iewes vppon A rewe.
- c1450(c1430) Brut-1430 (Glb E.8)395/4 : Thei hewe adoune alle maner of treis.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)17/32 : A theef with an ex in his hand..went on-to a certeyn roof whech was cured with leed, and..be-gan for to hewe.
- (1465) Paston (Gairdner)4.207 : And that thay myght not cary, thay have hewen it a sonder in the most dysspytuose wyse.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)10338 : A gret staff on hys bak, Clobbyd & boystous ffor to se, & was yhewe [vr. yhewyd] out off A tre.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.3.58a : This braunch..waxed aftirward a greet tree and was afterward hewe doun.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1917 : Fulofte he heweth up so hihe That chippes fallen in his yhe.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.91 : Þat hewis ouer his heued, þe chip falles in his ine.
- ?a1400 Songs Langtoft (Petyt 511)p.330 : It fallis in his iȝe, þat hewes ouer hie.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1230 : And it is not holsom a man to hewe Abouen his hed, when it is ouere hiȝe, List þe chippis wil fallen in his eye.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.4421 : It liked hym nat ouer his hed to hewe.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.55 : Who-so hewyth to hye, Þere falle chippis in his ye.
- c1500(a1449) Lydg.Aesop (Trin-C R.3.19)168 : Me lyst nat hewe chyppes aboue myn hede.
- a1500 Solomon seyth (Trin-C O.9.38)23 : Ouer thy hed loke þou neuer hew; Pouerte hath but frendys few.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)39/20 : Commenly it is spoken, and for an olde proverbe it is leged: 'He that heweth to hye, with chippes he may lese his sight.'
c
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2985 : He let him hewe to peces.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)305 : He wald..hewe me wiþ swerdes kene Ȝif ich hadde don him þat tene.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Job 40.25 : Frendis shul hewen [WB(2): kerue] hym? Marchaundis shul deuyden hym?
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5897 : This child..Sche slou, and hieu him al to pieces.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)2012 : To þe king þey goþ nowȝ And hewith his body swith smal.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1351-3 : To hewe hit in two þay hyȝes..Boþe þe hede & þe hals þay hwen of þenne.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)35/2 : He toke him and..hewe þe body halto pecis.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5043 : He shulde on pecis hewe be a-soundre.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)1 Kings 15.33 : Samuel hewide [vr. hewȝ; WB(2): kittide] hym into gobbetis.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3713 : Als lymmes..er þai Þat er hewed fra þe body oway.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)173/9 : This cursed Emperour mett with hem..for to haue slayn hem & an hewen hem to peces.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)99/13 : Þai take his body and hewes it in small pecez.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.2124 : Thei his riht hand heuh off bi the wriste.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)1313 : Þe Duke Renaud was hewe [vrr. hewede, hewen] smale, Al to pesys, so says oure tale.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)188 : Þough men brenne the borough þere þe burne loiggeth, Or elles hewe of þe heede þere he a hows had.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)127/15 : I shall haue euery lyme of me hewen frome othre.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)170/26 : To haue hym ȝe gon hewe þe flesch with þe bon.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)214/2012 : And sithin to þe kyng he gooth And heuweth a-too his lymys all.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)213 : Þou scholdyst be honged or hewe small Be jugement.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)1510 : I Comaunde..that ȝe hym take, And hew hym al to peces.
d
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)965 : Of the fruyt that was browne The knave kast the bore a-doune; And he was for-ungrid sore, And ete, and nolde hew no more.
e
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.244 : Ac hew fyre at a flynte fowre hundreth wyntre, Bot þow haue towe to take it..Al þi laboure is loste.
f
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)10/22 : Heo [the tongue] heou mid hearde worde.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10073 : Crist..shollde..hæwenn upp Wiþþ bitell wræchess axe..All þatt flocc off Judisskenn follc.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5522 : He may not hewe her love a-two.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.BC (Trin-C R.3.20)32 : Þeyre tunge clappeþe and doþe hewe.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)929 : Vp-on þis woful thoght I hakke & hewe.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)278/209 : Þis harlott..has hewed owre hartis fro oure brestis.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)309/64 : It heuys vs in harte full haly to here þam.
2.
(a) To shape (wood) by hewing; cut (timbers, firewood) into lengths; -- also intrans.; (b) to hew (rock or stone); shape or quarry (stone); hew (a sepulcher, etc.) from stone; ~ in, ~ out; carve (tablets) out of stone; build (sth.) with stone; -- also intrans.; heuen ston, hewn or shaped stone; ~ on, hew at (a stone); clene heuen, q.v.; (c) to chop up (food), shred, mince; ben heuen as smal as flesh to the pot.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)545/36 : Lignum: iheawen treow.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)281 : Salomon it liet felle and hewe ase quoynte-liche ase men miȝte, And liet it meten and makien more bi a fote þane þe riȝte.
- a1350 Mon in þe mone (Hrl 2253)23 : He haþ hewe sumwher a burþen of brere.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)77/1640 : Al maugre þe gardiner, Þe ympe was hewe [vr. hewen] to þe fer.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.22.3 : He hadde hewid [altered from: yhewid; WB(2): hewe] his wode in to brent sacrifice.
- (1383) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)4.128 : Tymber redy hewen [for a new building].
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1422 : Wel koude he hewen [vr. hevyn] wode and water bere.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)250a/b : Þey beþ arrayed, yhewe, and yplaned and ymade couenable to makynge of schippes, of brigges, of hucches.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)1724 : Now woot noe what to do, And hew tymbur þat fel þerto.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.6.14 : Make thou to thee a schip of trees hewun and planed [L lævigatis].
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)43/97 : To hewe þis burde I will be-gynne.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)30 : As the carpentere with his ax to howse and to hewe.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3430 : For & wee hewe a-mys eny maner spone, We knowe wele in certeyn what pardon wee shull have.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)174/429 : He..fellith tymbir and gene to hewe, And fourty sheppis he ded make newe.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)143/12 : For þys tre was passyng oþyr, he made to hew hit don to þe werke.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15466 : Machunnes heowen; lim heo gunnen bærnen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)16968 : He lette axien anan men þat cuðen hæuwen [Otho: ewe] stan.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)75/136 : Þo hy rerde þe priorie, and fair ston hy fonde; Þer wende forþ a vewe men to hewe hom to hore honde.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.22.16 : Thou heewe out [WB(2): hast hewe; L excidisti] to thee heer a sepulcre; thou heewe in an heeȝ, a memorial bisily in a ston a tabernacle to thee.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.20.25 : Ȝif a stonen auter þou makist to me, þou schalt not edyfye þat of howen [vr. hewun; L sectis] stones.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 23.53 : He..puttide him in a graue hewun [L monumento exciso].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6643 : Heu ke [read: þe] suilk tables..Als i þe forwit had puruaid.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)304 : After masons he sent anoon, Þat wel couþ hew stoon.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)789 : A ful huge heȝt hit haled vpon lofte Of harde hewen ston vp to þe tablez.
- (1421) Indent.Catterick in Archaeol.J.757 : Ye forsaid brigg schall have a tabill of hewyn stane vndir ye Alluryng.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)3 Kings 5.18 : Whiche stoonys the masouns of Salomon and the masouns of Hyram hewiden [L dolaverunt].
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)22a/b : Dolatilis: behoueli to howe.
- ?a1425 Const.Masonry(1) (Roy 17.A.1)p.268 : A mason..That syȝth hys felow hewen on a ston, And ys yn poynt to spylle that ston, Amende hyt sone ȝef that thou con.
- (1434) in Salzman Building in Engl.506 : Alle the remanent of the said body and isles unto the full hight of the said quire with clene hewen ashler.
- (?c1450) R.St.Edmund in Archaeol.42404 : Also for makyng of iiij new arches, the sydes of new hewyn stone with tymber aboue.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)230/76 : The masons I knewe that hewed it [the temple].
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 370)4 Kings 4.39 : He gederde of it wijld gourdis..and hewede to gydre [L concidit; WB(2): schredde] in to the pott of potage.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4072 : The blake wether tho sche tok, And hiewh the fleissh, as doth a cok.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.17 : Cast þerto erbes yhewe.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.29 : Take peions and stop hem with garlec ypylled and with gode erbes ihewe.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)429 : Take..parsel, sauge, ysope, savery, and hewe hom smale, and do hit in the pot.
- (c1434) *Anc.Pet.(PRO)307.15339 : The forsaid besecher ys thretenyd by the seide Richard Makeney..yf he may be founde in hys howse to be hewe as smal as fleysshe to the potte.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)15/28 : He had leuar ben hewyn as smal as flesch to þe pott.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)7 : Þanne take leuys of þe percely and hew hem þer-to.
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)95 : Caste the hewen guttes and þe drawen brede in a potto.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.8 : Þo chekyns by hom selfe þo sethe þer to; Hew hom in quarteres.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.27 : Take onyons and hew hom wele.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)91 : Do ther to mylk, bred, and yolks of eggs sodden; hew and grind them and drawe them upe with juic of parsly.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)107 : Hew pegions small.
3.
To cut or strike with a weapon in combat; cut (sb. or sth.) with a weapon; ~ of, strike off (an arm, etc.); ~ on, strike (sb. or sth.), strike at, attack; ~ togeder(es, fight; ~ doun, ~ upon, ~ to deth, ~ to pece(s, etc.
Associated quotations
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7480 : Mid heore speren longe, mid axen, mid sweorden, mid scærpe speres orde, hardliche heo heowen [Otho: hewen].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9796 : To-gadere heo tuhten &..hardeliche heuwen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30405 : Þeines riche..heouwen heȝe helmes.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2729 : He grop þe swerd ut sone anon and hew on hauelok ful god won.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1031 : Aiþer to oþer rade and hewe on helmes briȝt.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)456 : Þe kniȝtes..drowen swerdes ate laste, & eiþer huȝ on oþer faste.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1491 : Poidras oppon the ȝunge kniȝt Leid on wiþ al his miȝt, & here men togidere huwen [rime: blewen].
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)orig.draft 604 : Þey hywe to-gydre with swerdes dynt.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)835 : He hewþ on Sarazyns with al is myȝt.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.14.45 : Amalachite descendede & canane..& smytynge hem & hewynge to geders [L concidens], pursuede hem vnto horma.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2497 : Sua lang þai heu [Göt: heud] on helme and sceild.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)1451 : Þey hew [LinI: heowen] on helmes with swerdes kene.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)1546 : For Elene, þe Quene of Grece, Mony a man haþ ben hewe to pece [LinI: hewen to peces; Arms: hewyn in pece].
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.17 : Þei hewe on þe paiens, as men of wille gode; Þe paiens ageyn þam, fulle stifely þei stode.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.886 : Þis Troyan knyȝt be-gan Armys, leggis, schuldris, by þe boon, To hewen of.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.3806 : I can signes shewe, My platis stronge percid & I-hewe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.3192 : Knyȝtes..With sharp swerdis gan vpon him hewe.
- a1425-a1500(?c1350) Libeaus (Kaluza)1981 : As þey togeder hewe, Maboun..In felde up aros.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.1113 : Dalmacius..With sharpe suerdis..Vnto the deth was woundid & Ihewe.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1825 : There was sir Alyduke slayne and Achinour wondyde, Sir Origge and sir Ermyngall hewen al to pecez.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1879 : Be hunndrethez they hewede doun be þe holte-eyuys.
- c1440 Thos.Ercel.(Thrn)545 : Ȝitt sall þay hewe one alle þe daye.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)544 : Tytus..An hey breydeþ þe brond..How [vrr. hewedde, Hewys] hetterly doun, hente who so wolde.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7681 : He..Hurlit hym to hard erthe, hue hym to dethe.
- c1475 Awntyrs Arth.(Tay 9)p.21 : Thus the hardy on heyte, on helmis thai heuen.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)50/26 : There began a stronge batayle..and so they hew with hir swerdis.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)625/8 : Thus they traced and traversced and hewe on helmys and hawberkes.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)188/1098,1101 : And Alisaunder be-ganne to hewe..Many a grete lord of grece, He them heuwes al to pecie.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)981 : He hewed the ameraunt in peces thre.
- a1500(?c1400) Song Roland (Lnsd 388)748 : He hewithe doun hethyn men full many.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)304 : They hewe on hym full boldely; There was none of all þat company So bolde nor so wyght.
4.
?In place names [see Smith PNElem. 1.246].
Associated quotations
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