Middle English Dictionary Entry
fasten v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | fasten v.(1) Also festen. Forms: p. fasted, feste, fested; ppl. i-)fasted, i-)fast, fested, i-fest. |
Etymology | OE ge-)fæstan, & cp. OI festa. The ME ppl. fast, fest is identical with the adj.; hence, the phrase is fast (fest) is often ambiguous. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. fastnen.
1.
(a) To make firm, stable, or stationary; to place or fix (in position), to plant firmly (in the ground); (b) to establish securely; pass. be established; refl. establish oneself (in a place), stay; (c) solidify, congeal.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7834 : Þa Bruttes..nomen longen ræftres..& setten heom i Temese flod; þer weoren fifti hundred faste i þon grunde.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2703 : He fest is [two likenesses] in two ringes of gold.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22479 : Es nan [of the stars] sa wel fest [Trin-C: faste]..Þat it ne sal dun þat dai fall.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1991 : His shelde bifore his face he fest For þe fyre þat þe dragon kest.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)20a : Yf a man haþe a wawing toþe þat is not faste in þe gommes, ete of þis rote and hit will faste ham.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)158 : Festyn or knyttyn yn to a thynge, or gryffyn, or oþer lyke.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)16406 : Longe hit [a gate] stod þer wel y-fest.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)109/14 : It schal..doon awey þe ake & festyn þe teth faste in þe gomys.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.58 : This hors his forthere fete on Helyodre he festte.
b
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ex.15.17 : Lord, thi seyntuarye that thin hondes fastiden [L firmaverunt].
- a1450 Methodius(2) (Add 37049)101/19 : In þe region of his breþer he suld fest tabernakyls.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2320 : I, Alexander..þat fest [Dub: fessit] am in grece.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)27/28 : Þer was a yong [man] þat feste hym at þe scule with Pictagoras, for to be a sophister & lern eloquens.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)218a/a : Cipris is a medicinal tree of couenable and fastyng [L conuenientis et conglutinatiue virtutis].
2.
(a) To attach or tie (to something); (b) to tie (a rope or string).
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)361 : Ðe spinnere..festeð atte hus rof hire fodredes.
- c1330 St.Greg.(Auch)49/114 : Markes four of gold prout Vnder þe heued sche had y fest.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)16503 : A rape..fast he fest abute his hals, þer-wit him-self he hang.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1108 : Þe ox and þe asse boyth Iosep fest At a manger.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)5295 : Of þe nayles þat hym thurgh hand and fote Til þe hard rode tre fast fested.
- a1450 Vnkynde man (Cmb Dd.5.64)7 : My hende, my fete, with nayles er fest.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)2000 : He teyde a tredde on a pole With an nedil ther-on I-fest.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)487/18 : Þai sulde close hur in a tombe of stone and..feste þe coveryng þeron stronglie bothe with lead & strong yrn.
b
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)1728 : Noe..Himself festid [Frf: feste] bath band and lace.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)102 : Þay..Cachen vp þe crossayl, cables þay fasten.
3.
To put or place (one thing on or against another): (a) put (one's hand on something); ~ hond, ~ fingers, to grasp or clutch; (b) land (a blow); cast (light on something); (c) to attack (someone or something); ?make contact; (d) bestow (wealth, courage on someone); inflict (suffering).
Associated quotations
a
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7125 : Wen fortun wyth fell angur festis on hond, ffull tid in hire tene turnys he þe qwell!
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)546 : In hys berd his fyggers he fest, And breyde hys chyn to hys brest that hys nekke brast.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)263/159 : Felowse, fest on fast youre hende And pull well at this band.
b
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23385 : And als suith als sunn mai fest Fra est his lem vnto þe west, Als suith mai þou cum þider.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.190 : A stroke on him he fest.
c
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3797 : A fier magti ðat folc fest on, And haueð manige ðor for-don.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)6772 : Þe heved of nedders þat on þam sal fest.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)104 : Þer was non so hardy Durste on þe fynde fast.
d
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)83/22 : Faste on me ðane gost of strengþe.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)327 : Swiche an iuel is on him fast Þat he no may it of him cast.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)473 : Anticrist wolde faste to men godis of fortune bi coueytise, þat shulden drenge a man to helle.
4.
(a) To join (things together); pass. to interlock; (b) to join or unite (in marriage); ~ ayain, reunite (body and soul); to include (in a brotherhood); -- often pass.
Associated quotations
a
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)307/53 : Þe grete hulles..weore so faste to gedere fest, þat..May no þing passe out of þat lond.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8797 : For to sek a maister sparr For to fest..Vr warc to-geder.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)158 : Festyn or byynd togedyr: Ligo, alligo.
b
- ?c1335 Heil seint Michel (Hrl 913)st.18 : He is sori of his lif, Þat is fast to such a wif.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.283 : Thow seyst we wyues wil oure vices hide Til we be fast, and thenne we wol hem shewe.
- c1400 *PPl.C (Trin-C R.3.14)[13.9] f.29b : While fortune is þi frend, ffreris wile ye loue And faste ye in here ffraternite.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)2.123 : And þow hast fest [vr. fast] hire to fals, fy on þi lawe!
- a1450 LDirige(1) (Dgb 102)222 : Tyl body and soule aȝen be fast.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)643 : Sche answeryd..That þey schulde faste hur wyth no fere.
5.
(a) To confine (someone in a place); (b) to secure with fetters, to fetter or shackle; ~ in (with) bondes; also fig.
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1335 Þe grace of god (Hrl 913)189 : Al in helle were ifast.
- c1330 St.Greg.(Auch)65/240 : Þe child..Þat sche lete fasten in þe tonne.
b
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1785 : Þe oþre shal ich kesten In feteres, and ful faste festen!
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)3039 : Sathanas he fested fast With bandes þat sall euer last.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)10603 : Men myȝt neuer hym yn bondes so feste Þat þey þat tyme ne gunne al to-braste.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)392/340 : Mighill..feste yone fende, þat he not flitte.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)23/15 : Þe Abbott wex wrothe..and feste hym be þe fute with a chyne withoute þe abbay yate.
6.
?To fortify (a place).
Associated quotations
- c1300 Horn (LdMisc 108)1444 : A kastel he dude feste, Wit water alby sette.
7.
(a) To strengthen (the body, the mind); comfort (the heart); (b) to confirm (someone in faith, a virtue, a vice); -- often pass.
Associated quotations
a
- c1350 Cum maker (Bod 425)26 : Whilum ful mani a haleghed brest With þi hape þou fild and fest.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)27898 : All þat euer festis wiit, Drunkennes þan skailes it.
- a1500 Peterb.Lapid.(Peterb 33)108 : Somme seyne þat þey [margarites] comforten lymes & membris..& fasten þe lymes.
b
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)143 : Feste ðe of stedefastnesse & ful of ðewes.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4281 : In hir foli sua was sco fest, Þat dai ne night ne had sco rest.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21013 : Þe land o spaigne in fait he fest.
- a1450 LDirige(1) (Dgb 102)210 : God..in þy fayþ me fest!
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)56/34 : So wys a kyng, þat yn ynite and obedience haþ confermed and fastyd þe louable poeple of Inde.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)9.15 : Infixe sunt gentes..genge that lifes in lust..ere festid in ded of synn with nailes of ill delite.
8.
To pledge or promise solemnly; ~ treuthes, ~ faith, ~ seurte, ~ covenaunt, make a solemn agreement or promise; ~ pes, make peace by agreement; ~ with hond, confirm with a handshake.
Associated quotations
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1140 : Þe king & Randolf eorl at Stanford..athes suoren & treuthes fæston, ðat her nouþer sculde be suiken other.
- a1350(1307) Execution Fraser (Hrl 2253)41 : To þe kyng edward hii fasten huere fay.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.450 : Gode pes y schal festen anon.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1650 : Forwardes þat i haue fest ful wel schal i hold.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2691 : Þe couenand was wel fest wit þis.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)651 : All this forward to fulfill ye fest with your hond.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)2935 : Bot for sewrty was fest [vr. promyst] be forn, he sayd þe peyse suld stably stand.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)3324 : He woll vs falselly be-traye, yiff we may not oure forwardys faste.
9.
(a) To set (one's heart or thoughts on something); ~ hope, to trust; ~ faith, have faith; refl. become attached (to a vice); (b) to fix or keep (something in mind); (c) to make up one's mind, decide.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)438 : Wo so festeð hope on him, he sal him folgen to helle dim.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3405 : In drightin was his fayth ai fest.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26782 : Þai þaim to þair filthes fest als hund to þat he forwit kest.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.144 : Richard him atires, his wille þerto is fest, So mykelle he þider desires, þat he may haf no rest.
- a1425(c1300) NHom.(1) Abp.& N.(Ashm 42)p.79 : Sone on hir his lufe was fest Swa harde, that he might haue na rest.
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle Ihesu god sone (Cmb Dd.5.64)14 : On blysse þat never sal blyn, þou gar me fest me skylle.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)1.1 : He festid noght the fote of his luf in lykynge & ioy of this werld.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)15.2 : Thai haf festid thaire hope in the land of heuen.
b
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)160 : Feste ðe forðward fast at tin herte ðat tu firmest higtes.
- c1440 ?Rolle þi ioy (Thrn)36 : Haue hym in thi thynkynge, And feste his lufe sa faste That..Na gwayntyse may it caste.
- c1440 Bonav.Medit.(3) (Thrn)218 : Of all thynge it is the best, Ihesu in herte fast to fest.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)329/24 : Feste it faste in your mynde and þink at ye will kepe hit fro hens forwhard.
c
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)109/280 : Then wold I we fest, This mete Who shall into panyere kest.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)22199 : Adint on arthur for to feste. Arthur his schelde bitwix þam keste.
Note: New gloss for 1.(a) to plant or drive home (a blow)--per MLL
- a1425 HBk.GDei (Hnt HM 148)85/14 : Yhitt thynk how he [Christ] was strenned on þe croice þat layd was on þe erth..and to þat tree he on lay, what þai festented him with iren nailes.
Note: New spelling
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Removed 2nd quot. under 2.(a) Bestiary 417, per slip--JL