A general treatise of the diseases of infants and children collected from the best practical authors by John Pechey ...

OF Childrens Diseases.

CHAP. I. Of the Dyet and Ordering of Children New-born.

AFter the Navel-string is Cut and bound up, and the Infant is washed, you must inquire about the Constitution of it: 〈…〉〈…〉 which purpose you must first consi∣der whether the Mother was healthy at the time she was with Child; for that is a sign of a healthful Child, es∣ecially if the Father be also of a sound onstitution: Afterwards you must ind what is the colour of the new born Infant; it is best when the colour

is reddish all over the Body, for that by degrees turns daily florid: but those Children that are at first Florid or White, are most commonly of an ill temperament, Cold, Dull, and not long lived. The crying of the Child new born, ought to be loud and clear, because it signifies plenty▪ of Spirits, and a strong breast: But if the Child cries low, it is a sign that the vital strength is small, and the Spirits few, and the Muscles of the Breast weak: You must more over consider whether the magnitude, figure, passages, situa∣on of all the parts be as they ought; and therefore the Midwife should handle it gently, and search whether any thing be amiss in any part that it may be recti∣fied as much as may be: Let her often ex∣tend and contract the Arms and Legs, and cleanse them from filth, and she must see whether the Eyelids, the Ears, the Nostrils, the Fundament, and Privities are as open as they ought to be, and she must take notice of the Fingers and Toes that they do not stick together. She must put her finger into the Mouth and cleanse it from filth, and see whe∣ther the Child be Tongue-tied or not afterwards the Child must be swaithed

up, and laid in the Cradle. Galen says that before it is cloathed, the body must be sprinkled all over moderately with Salt, that the skin may be rendered thereby more dense and solid than the inner parts; for he says, they are all e∣qually soft in the Womb: But it is to be feard that the salt by its biteing quality should occasion itching and other inconvenienceis, and therefore this cu∣stom was soon left off, and instead of it they washed new-born Children with Wine, and what Galen says is not agree∣able to reason; for the skin in the Womb has a peculiar Constitution dif∣ferent from the internal parts; nor is it safer to thicken the skin and to hinder transpiration, as Galen says in another place, much less is the custom of some barbarous people to be imitated, which was also used formerly in Germany, viz. the dipping the warm Infant from the Womb in the next Brook, that thereby it may be rendred more strong and lusty, and to try the strength of their Chil∣dren, whom they chiefly design for the Wars; for without doubt none but strong Children would survive such a dipping.

Before the Teat be offered to the Child, some Honey or Oyl of Almonds ought to be given it, to carry off from the stomach and bowels some filth Collected in the Womb; for a cer∣tain black and pitchy matter is con∣tracted in the Womb, and ought to be presently evacuated, for if it be not, sits are occasioned, and some think the Child ought to be dieted three whole days with fresh Oyl of Al∣monds and Sugar, and others Order some other Woman to suckle, the child, till the Mothers milk is pure. The child must be defended from all external injuries, and it must be kept in an Air moderately hot; and if it be not of a very good constitu∣tion, an Air inclining to the contra∣ry must be chosen: But respect must be had to the seasons of the year. The Cradle must be placed where there is not too much light, and so as that the light of the Sun or of a Candle may be seen directly, and great care must be taken that the child be not frightned, and it must never be left alone, left it be injured, by ve∣nemous Creatures, or some other ex∣ternal injuries, which they cannot re∣sist,

for it is known that Scorpions, Serpents, and such like Creatures have crept into Childrens mouths, or other wise injured them, or Cats by lying upon them have suffocated them. Let th Child lie in a Cradle by it self and not with the Mother or Nurse, till it has its hands and feet at Li∣berty to help it self, lest, as has been often found, it be suffocated by the Nurse, or by the Bed, and the Cra∣dle should be so made, that it can∣not easily be overturned by Rock∣ing.

Infants should sleep more then they do wake, that thereby Concoction may be the better perfected, and the spi∣rits invigorated, and therefore if watchings are troublesome, sleep must be endeavoured by Singing, Rocking, and offering the Teat often: but care must be taken that the Stomach be not over burthened with Milk

The new born Child must be Ba∣thed once a day; and moderately rubbed; for such frictions help Con∣coction, and the distribution of the nourishment, and serve instead of ex∣ercise and motion, which the Infant by reason of its Tenderness cannot

undergo, and they strengthen the mem∣bers and make them firm. After ba∣thing, the Infant must be swathed up, lest it should move its hands and feet too freely, and thereby distort the bones, which are yet very flexible▪ but after four months the hands and arms may be let loose, but the whole breast and belly must be swathed for a∣above a year to comfort the heart, and to defend the parts, and you must be sure to cleanse the Child often, to prevent Itching and Excoriation. And care must be taken that the body be kept open, which may be easily done if the Milk be good, and in a con∣venient quaintity. But if the Belly be bound, it must be anointed below the Navel with some Oyls, or emollient liniments, or an emollent glister must be injected.

Moderate crying Conduces to the evacuating the brain, to dilate and cleanse the Lungs, and excites the Na∣tural heat: but when it is immoderate it is wont to occasion fluxions upon the eyes, Catarrhs, and Ruptures. It does least hurt before sucking, and and when the milk is concocted, but because most commomly Children do

not cry without a cause, but are pro∣voked by something that disturbs them, a Prudent Mother or Nurse will en∣deavour to find out what is the cause ••hat that being removed, the Child may be at quiet: She will see whither the Linnen be foul'd for Children love to be clean, and will not sleep quietly till filthy close are removed from them: the Mother will see whether they are swaithed too hard, or whe∣ther they are not pinched by the wrinkling of the Linnen, or pricked by a pin, or whether gripes be the occasion.

As to the nourishment it must be fed with milk for some months, and it may suck as often as it will, if it be not subject to a Vometing or loos∣ness and provided the Stomach be not over-charged, and in suckling of a Child you must take notice to of∣fer by turns the right and left breast, especially after it is permitted to use its hands; for if you do not observe this, it will be accustomed to use one hand. After some months you may feed the Child with Pap.

But it is not convenient to give so∣lid meats before they have their Teeth; for they cannot chew them: But af∣ter the Teeth are bred, it is conve∣nient to accustom them by degrees to solid food; yet notwithstanding you must not deny them milk, bread, pulse boyled, and flesh, first chew'd by the Nurse may be sometimes given them, but hard meats must not be allow'd. In this mixture of aliment we must take care, while milk is in the Sto∣mach that no acid or austere thing be given, which may coagulate or cor∣rupt the milk in the Stomach.

When the Limbs of the Infant are strong, and it begins to use its hands and feet you must not too early al∣low of such motions, much less must you put them upon their feet too soon, as some unskillfull Nurses do, and by that means crook their Legs but when they are able to stand up∣on their Legs, they must be some∣what sustained by the Leading-strings and afterwards that they may be ac∣customed to go alone, you must put them into running-Chairs, such as are common in Families, and suffer them to push them along themselves, and by this

sort of playing exercise, they will be accustomed to their feet, and learn to go, and to stop themselves: But when they begin to go without help, they must not be left alone, and to prevent all danger it is best to put roll's about their heads. As to bathing, a Child new born ought to be washed every day, but from the third month, to the seventh month till they are weaned twice a week. If the Child be apt to use its left hand, you must bind it up and leave the right free, that by fre∣quent use it may become agile and strong.

The Child must not be weaned be∣fore it has all its Teeth, for till then it cannot chew solid Meats; besides, in breeding the Teeth, especially the Dog-Teeth, Children are subject to Fevers▪ pains of the Gums, and other Symptoms▪ and it is to be sear d that weaning them encreases their misery. But here can be no certain time set for weaning Children; for those that are brisk may be sooner weaned, and those that are weak may suck longer, and sometimes Children are to be weaned before they ought, by reason the Nurse or Mother are sick, or have conceived; and there∣fore

some are weaned in the tenth month, and some in the twelfth, and yet it is most convenient that the Child suck a year and an half, or two years; and it is proper to diet them with milk a lit∣tle longer; for the parts being streng∣thened by this agreeable aliment, par∣take of the benefit of it for the whole life. but at what time soever the Child is weaned, unusual meats are not suddenly to be offered to it; it ought therefore to be accustomed to them by degrees while it does Suck; for all sudden changes are dangerous, and a Man is offended by good Meats, if he be not accustomed to them; therefore Pape and Chicken-broath are first to be given, and when they have been wean∣ed a while, Pulse, and flesh of easie dige∣stion and good juice, first chewed by the Mother or the Nurse. It is better so wean a Child in the Spring or Autumn, than in the Summer or Winter, least to the alteration of the body, which is oc∣casioned by the new diet, another pro∣ceeding from the heat or cold of the ambient air be added to it, and so the Child be prejudiced: Some Women think, and not without Reason, that it is better to wean a Child at the increase

of the Moon, than at the decrease: and because it sometimes happens, that Chil∣dren cannot be drawn from the Teat by any means, the Papes must be anointed with the juice of Wormwood, or with the following Liniment.

Take of Honey two Drams, of Aloes half a Dram, of the juice of Wormwood one dram.

But these things must not be used too much, least the Lips and Gums of the Children should be inflam d, or the Stomach hurt: and because sometimes some Children dislike Honey and sweet things, you may anoint the Papes with them, and so cause an aversion: but the best way of weaning them is for the Mother or Nurse to get out of sight; for if the Children do not see them they will not cry for the Breast.

As to the Diet of Children that are wean'd till they come to be seven years old, it ought to be very different from that of the adult; for Children are yet weak, and their bodies tender, and so cannot easily bear errors in diet: at this age they ought to be fed often, and so much meat ought to be given them, as

may not only suffice for their nourish∣ment, but for their growth also, as Hip∣pocrates rightly observes, Children says he, are least able to bear Hunger, and a∣mong such those especially that are of a quick Wit.

As to the Passions of Mind, we must endeavour that Children be not violent∣ly moved with Anger; or affected with Sorrow, nor Frighted; for these vio∣lent Passions of the mind make great impressions upon the Body, and so occasi∣on the falling Sickness and other Diseases▪ Iniquity is connatural to Infants, and they are more prone to Evil than to Good, we must not therefore indulge them too much, but from their tender years we must so endeavour to mode∣rate all the Faculties and Affections of their Soules, that they my be obedient to Reason; for in this Age the foundati∣on of a good Life is to be laid. Do we not see that young Lyons and Bears, when they are young, can be made so tame, as to obey the very nod of the Keepers; whereas if you let them a∣lone till they are grown up, they will for ever after remain Fierce and Wild, why then should not the mind of a Child be so tamed, as to obey Reason,

and to harken to advice: but there are not the appearances of all the affections in the first years; anger shews it self first by crying and the like; and there∣fore you should endeavour to nip this animosity in the bud, and they that will not be reclaimed by admonition, must be disciplined by the rod, that in time to come they may be sit to perform the Offices of a Man: Play must be allowed them to moderate their affections, and indeed this age can scarce do any thing seriously, only you must take care that their play does not injure their bodies; such exercises must be allowed as are a∣greable to their years, and they must not be bred up in sloath; for it being necessary that they should be plentifully sed, as has been said, unless they use ex∣ercise, the nourishment will not be well distributed to all the body, and the na∣tive heat will be suppressed; In this Age they must be often washed: They that converse with them must take a special care that nothing blasphemous, scurillous, or immodest be said or done, so as to give an ill example to them: About the sixth year of their age, they should be put to Schoole to a Master, who is to instruct them in all things necessary to a good Life.

CHAP. II. Of the Diseases and Symptoms of In∣fants in General.

WHat ever diligence has been used for the right ordering of the Diet of Infants, yet notwithstanding they are often subject to Diseases; for that blood which was wont to be eva∣cuated every month, and those vitious humours that were wont to be carried off with it, being detained nine whole months in the Womb, it may easily happen that the Child be injured there by, especially all Mothers being not e∣qually healthful, and besides many great errors being committed in Diet, many vitious humours are communicated to the Fetus with the nourishment; all which, tho not always, disorder Chil∣dren in the Womb, and sometimes after they are Born, occasion various Diseases and Symptoms; and sometimes the Child is injured in the Birth, or by the cuting of the Navel-string, or by the change of place; for when it was in the Womb,

it was encompassed with peculiar cove∣rings, flesh, membrans, and humours all warm and soft.

The Diseases and Symptoms of Chil∣dren are many, some common with the adult, which being added by some Au∣thors to Treatises of Childrens Diseases makes them bulky; and therefore I will here pass them by, and treat only of such as are proper and familiar with them.

In the cure of Infants a special regard is to be had to the Methods and Medi∣cines, for Children by reason of the weakness of their bodies, cannot under go severe methods or strong Medicines: They do not well bear bleeding, nor strong Purges, but where purging is re∣quired, a Suppository ought to be used, or a Glister must be injected. For instance.

Take of the leaves of Violets, and Mal∣lows, each one handful, of the Flowers of Camomile, and Violets, each one pugil: boyl them in a sufficient quantity of fountain water. Take of the strained liquor four or five ounces, according to the age, and add to it of Syrup of Roses solutive, half a ounce, six drams, or an once of oyl of Violets, half an ounce, make a Glister:

Take of the Whey of Goats-milk a sufficient quantity, add to it of Syrup of Succory with Rubarb, or of Honey, or of Syrup of Roses solutive six Drams, of Oyl of Violets half an ounce, make a Glister.

But if there be occasion for other Purges they are most conveniently given to the Nurse or Mother; for the pur∣gative quality is imparted by the Milk to the Child; or lenitive purges may given to Children, respect being had to their age, as Syrup of Roses solutive, Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb, Cassia, Manna, or the like.

CHAP. III. Of the Fevers of Children.

THE first indication incuring Chil∣drens Fevers is to prepare well the acid, that it may be the easier ejected, but this preparation must not be endea∣voured by Sudorificks, properly so call'd, that is such as heat the body, which are by no means to be used for Infants or Children; but such things as absorbe the acid, and gently restrain the

Ebullition, are to be used the chief of these are Crabs-Eyes and Claws, Oyster-shells, Cuttle-bones, Egg-shells, Coral, Coraline, Pearl, Mother of Pearl, both the Bezoarstones, Hearts-horn burnt, burnt Ivory, the Bone of a Stags heart, Shavings of Harts▪horn, Bolearmonick, Seald-earth, Blood-stone, and the like, and among compounds, compound pow∣der of Crabs Claws, the Goastone, and confection of Hyacinth.

Take of compound powder of Crabs Claws, and of Pearl prepared, each one dram, mingle them, make a powder to be divid∣ed into six equal parts. Or,

Take simple powder of Crabs-Claws one dram, of Crabs-Eyes prepared two scruples, of Cochinel six grains mix them, make a sine powder to be divided into six Papers; let one be taken as soon as may be, and another two hours after, and afterwards let one be taken every fourth hour for the first two days, unless the Child be a sleep: but let the Powders be taken in a spoonful of the following Julep, and give a spoonful presently after.

Take of the Aqualactis Alexiteria four Ounces, of black Cherry Water, each two Ounces, of compound Peony and Epidemick Water, each two Drams, of pearled Su∣gar half an Ounce; mingle them, make a Julep. Or,

Take of Sweet Almonds blanched, number ten, beat them in a Morter, and pour up∣on them gently half a pint of Barly water, or of Aqualactis Alexiteria; strain it and add six Drams of simple Cinnamon water, half an Ounce of White Sugar; mingle them make a julep.

Sometimes I am wont to use, other things being omitted, a julep that hath much Pearl in it, but I order that the Glass should be well shook, before it be poured out.

Take of Black Cherry water, four Ounces, of the Water of all the Citron two Ounces, of Aquamirabilis, and pre∣pared Pearl, each two Drams, of White Sugar half an Ounce; mingle them, make a Pearl julep, give three spoonfuls at a time.

But if the Child be troubled with a Cough, give half a spoonful of some ••ectoral mixture, or Linctus, and let him take less of the Powders above prescribed.

Take of the Powder of Coraline, and simple Crabs claws, each one Dram and an half, of the Syrups of Maiden-hair and Marsh-mallows, each one Ounce, balsom of Tolu half an Ounce, of red Popy-water half an Ounce, mingle them.

Bolearmonek is often properly mixed with such things to good purpose, it powerfully stops Cattarhs flowing upon the Lungs. The juice of Penny-royal eated, and sweetened with Sugar-can∣y, is also better than most other reme∣ies. Oyl of Sweet-almonds is very ood, if Children can take it, so is Brim∣••••one and the Flowers of it.

The foresaid Powders are to be repea∣ted seldom, or often, according to the degree of the Symptoms: but it is here to be noted, the Gripes, Restlessness, and Watchings of Children, are as easily apeased by testaceous Powders as Pains nd Watchings by Narcoticks in grown eople.

The third day, unless the Small-Pox Meazles, or Scarlet-Fever appear, I order a Child of one year old to be purged in the following manner.

Take of Syrup of Succory with Rubarb 〈…〉〈…〉 Drams, of choice Rubarb powder'd fifteen Grains, or a ••••uple, of Aqualactis ••••••lectiteria one Dram, of small Cinnamon water thirty drops; mingle them. Or,

Take of Sweet-almonds blanched, number three, beat them in a marble Mortar, and pour upon them gently an Ounce or an Ounce and an half of Barly-water: in the strained liquor dissolve three Drams or half an Ounce of the best Manna•• mingle them, and make a purging Emulsi∣on.

Sometimes I order this or the like Plaister to be applied to the region of Navel, especially if Children are troub∣led with Worms.

Take of Succortrine Aloes, one Dram, of the powder of the leaves of Savin, of the tops of the lesser C••ntaury, and of the Flow∣ers of Camomile, each one Scruple, with a

sufficient quantity of Venice Turpentine, make a Plaister; let the margin of it be spread with the Plaister of Cumin to make it stick the better, and sometimes it may be converient to add to the other ingredi∣ents a Scruple of Coloquintida.

There is no purging Medicine more ••oper for Children, and more innocent ••an Rubarb, it gently and safely eva∣••ats the matter occasioning the Fever, ••d gently purges off the Humours, that ••rthen the Stomach and whole Body, ••d it strengthens, wherefore it is very ••oper for Infants, Children big belli∣•• Women, Old Men, and such as have ••en weakned by Diseases.

After the Purge hath done working, ••me Powder like the former must be ••ven in the Evening, and afterwards ••ust be repeated three or four times in day at fit times for two days, and on ••e third day purging must be used, ••d it must be dosed according to the ••eration of the former.

These things being performed, the ••orst Symptoms most commonlly ••ase.

As to Bleeding of Children, tho it ••ay be used, when the Febrile matter

is cast upon the Lungs, or for a hoop∣ing Cough, yet it is plainly a remedy not agreeable to their nature.

A Child about three years and a•• half old was seized with a small Fever that was continual, and accompanie•• with very irregular Exacerbations, she complained of a great pain in the Head and sometimes in the Belly, she nausea∣ted all meat, and was very sleepy, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that the standers by thought she would have the Small-Pox: There was a twitch∣ing of the Nerves in sleep, and she ha•• sometimes a dry Cough. I prescribe•• the following things.

Take of Aqualactis Ale••iteria six Ounce▪ of Epidemick-water half an Ounce▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉 prepared Pearl one Dram, of the simp•• powder of Crabs-claws two Drams, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Cristaline Sugar half an Ounce; ming•• them, make a julep, whereof let•• her tak•• three spoonfuls every fourth hour, shaking the glass before useing of it.

Take of Succotrine Aloes one Dram, of the tops of the lesser Centaury, of the leaves of Savin▪ dry'd, each▪ half a Dram, of Bur∣gundy-pitch one Dram, of Venice-turpen∣tine a sufficient quantity; make a Plaister to be applyed to the Navel.

The next day she persisted in the use of the julep, and a Blistering Plaister was applyed to the Neck: A Glister with Milk, Sugar, and Salt was injected, ••ecause the Belly was bound: At bed∣••ime she took the following Bolus.

Take Aethiops Mineral, and Merourius Dulcis, each fix Grains, of Marmalad•• of Quinces, two Scruples, make a Bolus.

The next morning she took the fol∣••owing purging Syrup.

Take of Syrup of Buckthorn two Drams, of the Earl of Warwicks Powders six Grains, of choice Rubarb powdered twelve Grains, of tincture of Saffron twen••y drops, of Black-Cherry-water one Dram; min∣gle them.

On the fourth and fifth day, the fol∣••owing mixtnre was given by spoon∣••uls.

Take of Coraline two Drams, of the leaves of Mint dryed and powdered, one Scruple, of the simple powder of Crabs claws one Dram, of Balsamick Syrup, and of the

Syrup of Marsh-mallows, each one Ounce, of Orange-water half an Ounce; mingle them.

The evening preceding the sixth day, the Bolus before prescribed was repeated, and the morning following the purging Syrup, by the virtue where of the Child vomited up a Worm, and soon after recovered.

The Fevers which are occasioned by corrupted Milk are known, for that the Teeth are not come, and there are signs of corrupted Milk, grips, frequent yellow or green stools: Fevers that come from breed∣ing the teeth known by the signs of breed∣ing teeeth: these Fevers most com∣monly are not dangerous, for the cause being taken away, they cease of them∣selves; but if the corruption of the Milk continues long, the Childrens lives are in danger: Those Children, says Hyppo∣crates, who have an Acute Fever upon breeding the Teeth are seldom troubled with convulsions; yet they are some∣times destroyed by a Flux of the Belly and Watchings.

If the Fever proceed from corrupted milk, you must use cooling and moisten∣ing things, because such Fevers general∣ly come from Choler, and therefore such

nourishment must be given to the Mo∣ther or Nurse, viz. Lettice, Endive Sor∣rel, an Emulsion of the four greater told Seeds, and a Ptisan of Barley, and the Mother or the Nurse must abstain from Wine, whilst the Childs Fever continues, and the Nurse must be gen∣tly purged with Manna, Cassia, or Sy∣rup of Roses Solutive; and alteratives may be given to the Child, as the Juice ••nd Syrup of Violets, or the Syrup of Sorrel or Citron; the waters of Suc∣cory endive, and Violets sweetened with Sugar, and the Spine must be anointed with an Oyntment made of the mucila∣ges of the Seeds of Quinces and Flea∣••ane, of Oyl of Violets and a little Wax; or a Plaister made of Houseleek, Plan∣••ain, Night-Shade, Rue, Barley-Meal, ••nd the White of an Egg may be ap∣plyed to the Stomach; and it is neces∣sary when the Milk is corrupted, and ••urns to choler, to apply to the Stomach ••ooling and astringent things, that the ••orruption of the Milk may be preven∣••ed; and the Concoction helped.

Take of the Oyles of Roses and Mastich, each half an Ounce, of red Sanders and Coral, each one Scruple, of Wax a little; mingle them.

But if the Fever proceed from breed∣ing the Teeth, we must endeavour to make the eruption of them easie, but more of this, when we come to speak of breeding Teeth, and the Alteratives mentioned before for the Fever occasion∣ed by corroupted Milk are of use here and do good.

CHAP. IV. Of the Small Pox.

THere are two sorts of them, the distinct and confluent the distinct begin with a shivering, and coldness, which is presently followed with exces∣sive heat, a violent pain in the Head and Back, Vomiting, a great propensity to Sweat in grown persons: But I have not observed, says Sydenham, any such disposition in Children, either before or after they come out: A pain at the ca∣vity of the Breast, beneath the region of the Heart, if it be pressed with the hand, dullness and sleepiness, especially in Children, and sometimes convulsive fits, and if these happen to them that have all their Teeth, I reckon the Small-Pox are at hand, which, most common∣ly, coming out a few hours after, suf∣ficiently answer the prognostic••tion:

For instance, if the Child has a Convulsive fit in the evening, as it usually happens, the Small-Pox appear the next Morning; and more over I have very often observed, that when they come immediately after these fits, they rise in large Pustles, and are mild, and favourable, and seldom Flux▪ It is to be noted that sometimes the course of separation is past over gra∣dually without any sickness, but most commonly, as we said before, the sick∣ness before the eruption is most violent.

The distinct Small-Pox usually come out on the fourth day inclusively, and sometimes a little latter, but rarely be∣fore, at which time the Symptoms most commonly abate, or totally vanish: The eruption is after this manner, first pim∣ples as big as small pins heads here and there shew themselves, and first of all in the Face, Neck, and Breast, and af∣terwards in the whole body: At this time the Jaws are afflicted with a pain, that increases as the Pustles rise, which, growing daily bigger and higher, in∣flame the neighbouring skin and flesh; for about the eight day, from the first approach of the sickness, the spaces be∣tween that before were somewhat white now begin to be red, and swell more or

less, according to the number of the Pustles, so that sometimes the eyes are swelled up and the Patient is deprived of sight: Next after the Face, the Hands and Fingers swell more or less, accord∣ing to the number of th•• Pustles▪ Th•• Pustles that were smooth and red to this day, are now grown rough and some what white, which is the first sign of their coming to maturity; more over they cast out by degrees a certain yel∣lowish matter. On the eleventh day the tumour and inflamation of the Face ma∣nifestly diminish, and on the four∣teenth or fifteenth day totally va∣nish.

That s••rt of Small-Pox which is cal∣led the Flux has the same Symptoms with the distinct, only they are more violent: Moreover a loosness sometimes preceds the erruption, and continues a day or two after it: This sort comes out generally on the third day; and sometimes so like a Erisppelas or the Measles, that they cannot be easily di∣stinguished: These do not rise so high as the distinct, especially those in the Face: After the eight day they begin to change into a duskish-colour.

A Loosness afflicts Children in the Flux-Pox, but does not invade Children so soon, as Spitting does grown people; But at what time soever it comes, if it be not stopt by art, it con∣tinues thro the whole course of the Disease.

I have always observed, that when the Disease was violent, the sick had as it were a fit in the Evening, and then the Symptoms raged as it were more cruely.

As soon as the signs of this Disease shew themselves, I keep the sick from the open air, and forbid them the use of Wine and Flesh, and allow them Small bear gentlly warmed with a Toast for their ordinary drink, and now and then permit them to drink as much of it as they will. I order them for victu∣als, Oat-meal and Barley-broths, and roasted Apples, and other things which are neither too hot nor cold, nor hard to be digested, I forthwith prohibit an hot regimen, and the use of all manner of Cordials: On the forth day I commit the sick to his Bed, and then if the Pu∣stles come not out well, some gentle Cordial may be properly prescribed, at lest for once to drive them out. Among

the Medicines for this purpose, those they called Paregorick, such as liquid Laudanum, Diascordium and the like, if they be mixed in a small quantity with some proper Cordal waters, excell the rest: when the Pustles first come out, I then carefully consider whether they be of the distinct or confluent kind, because they differ exceedingly one from the other, though they agree as to some symptoms; if therefore from the big∣ness and paucity of the Pustles, and the slowness of the coming out, and from the vanishing of sickness and other symp∣toms, which tire the Patient after the eruption of the Flux-pox, it appears that they are the distinct sort, I take care that the sick be refreshed with Small∣beer, Oat-meal and Braley gruel, and the like: and if the Small-Pox be but few, and in Summer time, and that ve∣ry hot, I see no reason why the Patient should be kept stifled in ••ed, and why he may not rather rise a few hours every day, provided the inconveniences of too much cold or heat may be prevented by the place and cloathing: but if either the cold season of the year, or a large eruption of the Puscles put the Patient under a necessity of keeping his Bed con∣tinually,

I take care that he lye not hot∣ter, nor has more cloaths on him, than when he was in health, and that he have a fire kindled only in the Morning and Evening, unless it be Winter, nor do I require, that he should be always fixed to one place, least he Sweat, which I confidently affirm cannot be promoted without great danger: when the Disease is going off, it is proper to give some proper Cordial Medicine, and at the same time also a little hotter, and more cordial-diet may be allowed: For in∣stance Sugar-soaps, and Oat-mea••-cau∣dle, and the like; nor is there any need of any other thing at all in the distinct and gentle sort, if the Patient be trea∣ted moderately with this method and diet, unless by chance restlessness or watchings should now or then perswade the use of a Paregorick.

But if the Small-Pox flux, the case is very hazardous, for this sort is no less dif∣ferent from the other, than the Plague is from this, tho among the vulgar, who take names and words for things, the cure of both is said to be the same; for towards the end of the Disease, the sick is in great danger, namely, on the Eleventh day, in the common Flux-pox,

on the fourteenth in a worser sort and on the sevententh in the worst sort, and sometimes tho rarely▪ on the 21st. day, the Fever, the restlessness, and other symptoms invading together, whereby the sick is generally destroyed, unless art relieve him; wherefore seeing there is so much danger, when they flux, the Physitian should endeavour all he can to hinder their fluxing, by bleeding presently in the Arm, if there be the lest suspicion of the Flux-pox, and by giving a Vomit afterwards, and by keeping the sick up till the sixth day, from the first sickness, afterwards he must be put to Bed, and kept there till the end of the Disease: But he must have no more Cloaths on, nor a greater Fire in his Chamber, than he used to have, when he was well, and he must drink freely of Small beer, or other coolling Liquors. But because notwith∣standing the Sick freequently grows hot, light-headed, and restless, I give an A∣nodyne every night, but a little earlier than is usual; because in this Disease, a sit of heat and restlessness comes, almost every day, towards the evening.

But, which is to be lamented, not∣withstanding these, and all other phy∣sical helps, the Sick is very often seized on the eleventh day, or on some other of those days, which we said were most fa∣tal, in the various kinds of Flux-pox, with a violently Fever, difficulty of Breathing, and restlessness, and dies suddenly: Therefore in this deplorable case, blood must be taken away, according to the strength and age of the Patient; from a young man ten or twelve ounces must be taken, and in the evening a large Anodyne must be given, as before, and so afterwards morning and evening, and sometimes oftener: but it is to be dili∣gently noted, that in some the fury of the Disease is so high, that a very large dosed Anodine cannot stop its force in twelve hours; in which case it is neces∣sary to repeat the Anodyne every sixth or eighth hour.

And because it happens often at the lattor end of the Disease, that the Body is bound up so much, that the Sick is like to be suffocated, and consequently is in great danger; in this case I have given successfully to grown people an▪ ounce and an half of Lenitive Electuary dissolved in four ounces of Succory wa∣ter,

or the like, which draught generally gives some stools before night: but if it does not, an Anodyne must be given in the evening, and sooner notwithstand∣ing the Purge, if great restlessness, or some considerable sickness threatens dan∣ger: if therefore the Purge does not answer the first day▪ it must be repeated the next, and then it seldom fails: and in this manner Bleeding and Purging may be repeated by intervals, as occasion requires. But it is to be noted, that the sick must not be purged till the thir∣teenth day, or after, nor then, unless bleeding has gone before.

For spitting of blood and bloody U∣rine coming upon the Small-Pox (for both these Hemorrhagies come sometimes at the beginning of the Disease) after Bleeding largely once, give an Ano∣dyne.

Take of red Poppy-water two Ounces, liquid Laudanum, 14 drops, of distilled Vinegar three Drams, of Diacodium half an Ounces; make a draught to be repeated every night at bed time.

Note that bleeding must be ordered and prescribed according to the age and condition of the Patient: The like is to be observed in giving Anodyens, and dosing other Medicines.

Take of Troches of Lemnian Earth, Blood∣stone, Dragons Blood, and red Coral pre∣pared, each half a Dram, of Dragons Blood, and red Coral prepared, each half a Dram, of Mastick, and Gum Arabec••, each one Scruple; mingle them make a fine powder, whereof let him take half a Dram every third hour, drinking upon it four or five spoonfuls of the following julep.

Take of the waters of Plantain, and Oak∣buds, each three Ounces, of Cinnamon water hordeated, two Ounces, of Syrup of dryed Roses one Ounce, make it a little accid with Spirit of Vitriol.

Emulsions also of the four greater cold Seeds, with white Popies do a great deal of good. After the Hemorrhagy is quite

stopt, you must proceed, according to the method prescribed in the Small-Pox.

The loosness in Children must be per∣mitted in the Flux-Pox, because it eva∣cuates the morbisick matter.

At last when the Pustles are crusty and hard, anoint the face often with Oyl of Sweet-Almonds.

Note, if in the distinct Small-Pox, the Face does not swell, you must give an Anodyne presently: But if the Pati∣ent be light headed, and very Sick, and makes water often, but little at a time, he can be relieved no other way, death being near at hand, than by giving Narcoticks freely, or by taking away a large quantity of Blood, and exposing the Body to the Air: But I would not be so understood here, as if in every frenzy coming upon the Small-Pox, there being no symptom more frequent, that I should advise bleeding presently, but only in that which therefore happens, because the Face does not swell in the distinct kind, tho there be a great num∣ber of Pustles.

Note also, for a suppression of Urine, which sometimes a••flicts young and brisk people, nothing does so well as taking the sick out of Bed, and after he has walk∣ed twice or thrice cross the room, by the assistance of the by standers, he will pre∣sently make water freely, and be much relieved thereby.

Note, the symptoms arising from catching cold, or by evacuations undu∣ly used, whereby the Small-Pox are struk in, must be removed by Cordials, and an agreeble Regimen: But they must not be continued after the symptoms are gone off, the chief of these are flatting of the Pustles, and a looseness in the di∣stinct Small-Pox; for in the Flux a de∣pression of the Pustles is natural, nor is a looseness dangerous in Children: In both these cases, a Cordial Portion made of distilled Waters, Diacordium liquid Laudanum, and the like, is proper, not only to remove these symptoms, but al∣so at any time of the Disease, if the Sick complains of a pain at the Heart, or of Sickness: But to speak the truth, symptoms of this kind are very rare compared with those that owe their ori∣ginal to the other extreme, which is more fatal, tho less blamed.

When the Patient is mending, and and the Pustles are falling off, after he has eat meat a few days, namely, about the 21st, or 22d day, I think he ought to be blooded, if the Disease has been violent, and after bleeding, he must be purged three or four times.

CHAP. V. Of the Meassels.

THis Disease chiefly invads Infants and all those that are together in the same house: it begins with shaking and shivering▪ and with an inequality of heat and cold, which mutually expel one an∣other the first day: the second day it ends in a perfect Fever with violent Sick∣ness, Drowth, and want of Appetite, the Tongue is white, but not dry; there is a tickling Cough, with a heaviness of the Head and Eyes accompnied with per∣petual drowsiness, and for the most part an humour distils from the Eyes and Nose; and this effusion of Tears is a certain sign of the approaching Measles, to which this is to be added, no less certain, viz. that tho this disease shews it self most commonly in the Face, after the manner of little swellings in the Skin, yet in the Breast, rather red Spots than swellings are perceived, arising no high∣er

than the superficies of the Skin: The Patient sneezes as if he had taken cold, and the eye-lids swell a little before the eruption; he vomits, but is oftener troubled with a looseness with greenish stools; but this chiefly happens to Chil∣dren, that are breeding their teeth, and they are frowarder in this Disease, than they are commonly wont to be: The symptoms increase till the fourth day, at which time generally (tho sometimes they are deferred) little red spots like fleabites begin to come out about the Head, and other parts of the Face and being increased in number and magnitude branch into one another, and so paint the Face with large red spots of vari∣ous figures, which are occasioned by lit∣tle red wheals, not far distant one from another, that are elevated a little above the Superficies of the Skin, and their Protuberancies may be perceived by a gentle touch, tho they can scarce be seen: These spots spread themselves by degrees from the Face, which at first they only possessed, to the Breast, Belly, Thighs, and Legs: but they affect the Trunk and Members with redness only, without any sensible inequality of the skin: The symptoms of the Measles do not abate

by the eruption, the Cough and Fever increase, with difficulty of breathing, weakness of the Eyes, and the defluxion on them, and the drowsiness, and want of Appetite continue the same as before: On the sixth day, or there about, the skin breaking, and the Pustles drying off, the forehead and Face grow rough; and at that time the spots in other parts of the body are very large and very red: About the eight day, the spots in the Face vanish, and are scarce perceived in the rest of the body▪ but on the ninth day, they totally disappear, and as we said, the Measles most commonly vanish on the eighth day▪ at which time the vulgar, being deceived by reckoning up∣on the time, the Small-Pox used to last, affirm they are struck in, tho they have really finished their Course, and they think that the symptoms, which come upon their going off, are occasioned by their being struc•• in so soon; for the Fever, and difficulty of breathing are increased at that time, and the Cough is more vexatious, so that the Patient can∣not sleep night nor day: Children are chiefly subject to these ill symptoms, which appear now at the going off of the Measles, by reason of two hot a Regimen,

••r hot Medicines, that were used to ••orce them out, and by this means ••hey are cast into a Peripneumonia, which destroys more than the Small-Pox; and yet the Measles are not at all dan∣generous, if they are skillfully mana∣ged: Among the rest of the ill symptoms, •• looseness often happens, which either presently succeeds the Disease, or con∣tinues many Weeks after it, and all its symptoms are gone off, not without great danger to the Patient; and sometimes after a very hot Regimen, the Measles are first lived, and afterwards black, ••ut this only happens to grown people, and they are utterly lost, when the blackness first appears, unless they are presently relieved by bleeding and a more temperate Regimen.

As the Measles are much of the same nature with the Small-Pox, so is the me∣thod of cure much the same, hot Medi∣cines, and a hot Regimen are very dan∣gerous, how frequently soever they are ••sed by ignorant Nurses to drive the Disease from the Heart: The Patient must be kept in his Bed only two or three days after the eruption, that the blood may gently breath cut accor∣ding to his own genius thro the Pores of

the Skin, the inflamed Particles, which offend it; he must have no more Cloaths nor Fire, than he is wont to have whe•• he is well. I forbid all flesh, and allo•• Oat-meal and Early-broaths and the like and sometimes a roasted Apple▪ hi•• drink must be either Small-beer, or Milk boyled with treble the quantity of Wa∣ter. I oftentimes mitigated the Cough which almost continually accompanies this Disease, with a draught of some pectoral decoction, or with a Linct•••• fitted for the purpose; but above all the rest I took care to give Diacodium every night thro the whole course of the Dis∣ease. For instance,

Take of the Pectoral Decoction, one pi•• and an half, of Syrup of Violets, and Maiden-hair, each one Ounce and a•• half; mingle them and make an Apozem, take three or four Ounces three or four times a day.

Take of Oyl of Sweet-Almonds, two Ounces, of Syrup of Violets and Maiden-hair, each one Ounce, 〈…〉〈…〉 a sufficient quantity; 〈…〉〈…〉 them and make a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 us, let the Sick 〈◊〉〈◊〉 often of it▪ especially when his Cough troubles h••m.

••ke of Black-Cherry-water three Ounces, of Diacodium one O••nce; mingle them for a Draught to be taken every night: But if the Patient be an Infant, the Dose of the Pectorals, and of the Narcotick is to be lessened with respect to the Age.

But if by means of two hot Cordials, ••d too hot a Regimen, the Patient be danger of his life, after the Measles off, which is very frequent, by rea∣•• of the violence of the Fever, and fficulty of breathing, and other acci∣nts, that use to afflict those, that ••e a Peripneumonia, I have bled the ••allest Infants in the Arm, and have ••en away that quantity of Blood, which ••ir Age and strength indicated with ve∣•• great success, and sometimes when the ••ease has been obstinate, I have not fear∣•• to repeat bleeding; and truly it is not few Children that have been at the ••nt of Death, by reason of this symp∣••n, whom by God's blessing I have ••ed by bleeding, nor have I found as ••, any other certain way to vanquish This happens to them, after the ••asles go off, and is so very fatal, that may well be counted the chief Minister

of Death, destroying even more th•• the Small-Pox: And the loosne•• which, as we said, follows the Measles is also cured by bleeding; for wherea it ows its rise to vapours of inflame•• blood rushing in upon the Guts, (which is also common in a Plurisie, Peripneumo∣nia, and other Diseases, that are occasi∣oned by an Inflamation) whereby they ar•• stimulated to excretion; it is bleedi•• alone that gives relief, by causing a re∣vulsion of these sharp humours, and b•• reducing the Blood to a due temper.

Nor is there any reason, why any on•• should wonder, says Sydenham, that bleed young Children, whereas, fo•• what I have hitherto observed, says he•• it may be as safely performed on them as on the adult: And truly it is so ne∣cessary, that we can neither cure the symptom above mentioned, nor some other that happen to Children withou•• it. For instance, by what means can w•• deliver those, that are breeding Tee•• from Convulsions, which seize them i•• the ninth and tenth month, with a swel∣ling and pain of the Gums, whereby th•• Nerves are oppressed and inraged, an•• from whence also, these Paroxysms arise but by bleeding, which alone is much to 〈◊〉〈◊〉

preferred in this case, before the most ••elebrated specificks whatever, that are ••et known, whereof some do hurt by ••heir adventitious heat, and whilst they are ••hought to Cure the Disease by a certain ••ccult faculty they promote it by their ••anifest heat, and kill the patient, not ••o mention at present, that wonderful ••elief which bleeding gives in the hoop∣••g Cough, wherein it far surpasses all ••ectoral Medicines whatever.

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CHAP. VI. Of Scabs and Ʋlcers from Milk.

OF all the particular diseases of the parts of the humane body, that are proper to, and familiar with Children, if we begin with the Head, and so proceed to all parts of the body, these Scabs and Ulcers are first to be considered; they come at the time when the Child sucks, and perpetually emit a Sanies, or purulent matter. The Scabs are white, but the Ulcers are of another colour: The Scabs are also all over the body as well as in the Face, whereas the Ulcers are chiefly in the Head: But because the causes of them do not much differ, and the method of cure is the same, we will treat of them together in this Chapter: they arise from excrementious humours which are se∣rous, and accid, and they occasion itch∣ing: These humours are collected partly in the Womb, and they arise partly

from a fault in the Mothers or Nurses milk, and afterwards are cast out by na∣ture upon the habit of the body: It is commonly held that these Ulcers keep Children in health, and not without rea∣son; for by this means nature expels the vitious humours from the inner parts of the body to the habit of it, and if they vanish, Children are subject to Fe∣vers and other Diseases, and Hippocrates says, that if there be Ulcers in the Head, about the Ears, in the Face, or in any other part of the body, Children will be free from fits.

These Scabs generally go off of them∣selves in time, but if they continue long, •• Tinea is occasioned, and the hairs fall off, and it is to be feared, that these Ul∣cers may foul the Skull, if the matter be very filthy; for it has been observed, that the Skull has been so corrupted by these Ulcers, that it has fallen off, and the Meninges have appeared.

But when there is no danger to be feared, especially when the Face is not deformed, nor the Eyes hurt, the Ulcers ought to be left to themselves, yea we ought to endeavour that the other mat∣ter be expell d, and if the Ulcers vanish, ••nd the Child fall sick upon it, we must

give Fumitory, Scabious, Carduus-Bene∣dictus, Harts-horn, or the like to drive the humour out again, and cooling and astringent things, which repel the mat∣ter must not be used: But the Nurse in the mean while ought to observe a good Diet, and to abstain from Salt and acid things, and all things that generate ill ju∣ries, as▪ Onions, Garlick, Radish, Pulse, salted Meat, and the like; and if her bo∣dy be foul, the vitious humours must be purged off; for otherwise the Child will be prejudiced, and the Disease in∣creased: but if the ill humours are eva∣cuated, these Ulcers will soon go off; wherefore these humours should be alte∣red and prepared with Medicines made of Borrage, Bugloss, Fumitory, Succory, Hops, the roots of Polypody, sharp pointed Docks, and afterwards they must be purged off with the leaves of Senna▪ Epithymum, Rhubarb, Black Hellebore, or with Diacatholicon, tryphera, Per••••∣ca, or the like; and afterwards you must give such things as strengthen the Viscera▪ and attemperate and expel the other hu∣mours. As,

Take of the Conserves of Borrage, Bugloss, Violets, Fumitory, and Succory, each 〈◊〉〈◊〉

Ounce, of the candid roots of Succory and of the bark of Citron candied, ••cah half an Ounce, of the Sp••cies Diarrhodon, Abatis, Diamargarit frigid: Harts-horn prepared, each one Scruple, with a suffici∣ent quantity of Syrup of Gilliflowers make an Electuary. Or,

Take of Harts-horn prepared two Drams, of Magistery of Goral, one Dram, of the Species Diamargarit, Frigid, half a Dram; make a Powder, whereof give the Nurse daily half a Dram, or a Dram.

••ome of these Medicines▪ may be also given to the Children, as Syrup of Bor∣rage, Fumitory, Polypody, and Hops, and the Childs Body may be evacuated, respect being had to its age, with Glisters, with Manna, or laxative raisins or the like.

But if the Disease continue long, and here is danger that great putrifaction ••ill arise under the Scab, and so foul he Skull, we must use Topicks, and first he head must be washed with a De∣oction of Mallows and Barley, or ••ith a Decoction the roots of sharp ••ointed Doke, the leaves of a Mallows, he greater Celandine Wormwood, the

Seeds of Fenugreek, Vetches, Lupines, and Beans: If you would have it abster∣sive, you must boyl the Herbs in Wine, or you may make a Lotion with roots of Marsh-mallows boyled in childs urine a∣lone, or mixed with Barley-water, af∣terwards anoint the part with the Oyl of Roses, and Bitter-Almonds mixed with a little Lytharge: Or,

Take of the Ashes of Myrtles, and Nut∣shells, each one Dram, of Tutty one Dram and an half, of old Butter washed in Rose∣water one Ounce; mingle them. Or,

Take of the juice Beets, of greater Celen∣dine, each one Ounce, Hogs-lard two Ounces, Sulphur, one Dram, mix them. Or,

Take of Lytharge moistened with Oyl of Ro∣ses, one Ounce, Ceruss half a Dram, A∣loes and Frankencense, each one Dram and an half, Myrrh on Dram, Oyls of Roses and Rue, each a sufficient quantity; mix them in a Morter. The following is stronger.

Take of the powder of Red-roses, of the roots of Briony, Pidgeons-dung, Verdegrease,

and Sulphur, each two Drams, Oyls of Junipir, and Wall-flowers, each a suffici∣ent quantity, mix them in a Morter, and anoint the part with it every other day: Or,

Take of Cerass and Lytharge, each two Drams, Balaustins, and Agarick, each one Dram, with Oyl of Roses, and a lit∣tle Vinegar, make an Oyntment: Or ha∣ving rubbed the affected part with soft Soap, wash it off with a proper decoction.

If the Skull be hurt by the Ulcers, the Scab must be first taken off, and mollifi∣ed with Mallows and Violets boyled in May Butter, or in Lard: Afterwards the Ulcer must be washed and dryed with a Lee made of the ashes of the Vine Beetch, and Ash, ••a little Butter being added to it; when the Skull appears you must apply Honey of Roses mixed with spirit of Wine; afterwards you mnst apply the powder of the roots of Birth∣wort, and Peruvian Balsam, or you may ad Turpentine washed in Tobacco∣water.

CHAP. VII. Of a Tinea.

IF the Ulcers continue long, or are ill cured, they turu to a Tinea, viz. crusty and fetid Ulcers of the Head, cor∣roding the skin: It is properly reckoned amongst the dieases of Children, tho the adult have it too; for tho grown people are sometimes afflicted with this disease, yet it has its beginning in their Infancy, it is called Tinea from the Moths that spoil Cloaths; because these Ulcers corrode the skin as Moths do Cloaths: It differs from Scabs, and the Ulcers treated of in the foregoing Chapter, by being dry and crusty, whereas they are moist and have always an humour flowing from them, and they sometimes possess other parts of the body as well as the Head, but this only the Head: The cause of it is a Salt and acid humour degenerating to melanchol∣ly, taking its rise from the Mothers blood, wherewith the Child was nouri∣shed,

or from the ill milk of the Nurse, or Mother▪ and by progress of time, and the long continuance of the disease, and neglignce, (for it most commonly befalls poor peoples Children) it turns to this disease. Moreover it is easily imparted to Infants, when the cap of that which has it, is put upon another infant: This disease is not always the same, for some∣times it is scaly, sometimes viscous.

This disease plainly appears to sight and is commonly known, for some crusty and dry Ulcers are seen upon the Head, sometimes they are green, sometimes yellow, and sometimes of an ash-colour, scarce any thing flows out of them, and that which does is very fetid.

It is very difficult to cure; that which is new, and of a yellow colour, and a little moist is easiest cured: But that which is old, ••uite dry, of an ash-colour or black, is very hard to cure: If it seiz a Child in its infancy, it can scarce be cured till the Child come to an age fit to bear the Medicines the Disease requires, and the severity of the Cure▪ and when it is cu∣red, Hair seldom grows upon the place, especially if the skin be hard and testati∣ous, and does not look red when it is rubbed: but if the skin be soft, and looks

red upon rubbing, there is hopes hair may ow again, tho not without difficulty.

The indications are the same with o∣••er Ulcers, namely magnitude lessen▪ requires Medicines that in••arn, the lution of the continuity requires things ••at conglutinate; but we cannot satisfie hese indications, unless the corroding humour be taken off, and this must be done by strong cleansing Medicines, that you may go to the root of the disease, and therefore the crust must be first taken off by such things as cleanse and corrode: And because the humours are dry and adust, and the skin is thereby dryed and thickned, moistning things must be also used, to loosen and open the pores of the skin.

But because tender Infants cannot bear these Medicines, lest the disease take too deep root, you must in the mean while apply to the ulcers leaves of Cabbage or Beet, greased with Butter or Lard, to mollifie and to make a passage for the matter.

Take of the juice of Fumatory, Cabbage, sharp pointed Dock, Elecampane, each one Ounce and an half, of Litharge half an Ounce, with a sufficient quantity of

Lard, Oyl of Rue, and Wax, make a foft Oyntment: Or,

Take of the shells of green Wallnuts burnt a sufficient quantity, a little Turpentine, and with Oyl of Eggs make a Liniment.

But when the Child is arrived at such an age, as to be able to bear strong Me∣dicines, and the severity of the cure, you must first sufficiently evacuate the body with Senna, Rubarb, Agarick, or the like, and then you must take off the crust with things that cleanse strongly: As,

Take of Sulphur two Drams, of Mustard half a Dram, Staves-Acre, of the roots of Briony, each one Dram, of the sharp∣est Vinegar, one Ounce, of Turpentine half an ounce, with a sufficient quantity of Bears fat, make a Liniment. Or,

Take Water-Cresses, and beat them, and fry them with Hogslard, and apply them in stead of a Cataplasm to the Head, let it continue on twenty four hours, to make the crust fall off, and if you continue the use of it, it will cure the disease. The scaby crust being taken off, you must pull out the Hairs by the roots; for the ve∣nomous

matter sticks most to them, and this may be done by Nippers, or by Me∣dicines that take off the Hair: A pitch Cap is ordinarily used for this purpose, the which they apply either to the whole Head, or only to the part where the Ʋlcers are; they keep it on some days, and afterwards pull it off with the Hairs with it. Or,

Take of fine Wheaten-flower two ounces, of Rosin half an ounce, boyl them in water to the form of a Pultis, spread it upon strong linnen cloath, and apply it to the S••abs, let it lie on a night and a day, then pull it off.

Afterwards emolliment things must be used, which may correct the dry intem∣peries of the skin, and open the pores, and drive away the Excrements that lie deep in the skin: As,

Take of the roots of Marsh-mallow, sharp pointed Docks, and White Lillies, each one ounce, of Mallows Fumitory, and Sage, each two handfulls, boyl them in a Lee, and add to it a little Vinegar, and wash the Head with it every day twice. After∣wards.

Take of the roots of Briony, sharp pointed Dock, Elecampane, each one ounce, of t e leaves of Fumitory, greater Celandine, and Scabious, each two handfulls, of the flowers of Camomile and Melilot, each one handful, boy them in Lee, and wash, or foment the head with it twice every day, afterwards with a course Cloath, or with the oyl of Staves-acre, or radish, or with the juice of Onions, rub the Head till it looks red, that the vitious humours that lye deep may be drawn out: Or,

Take of live Sulphur, one ounce, of White Hellebore, Staves-arce, each two Drams, of Lard a sufficient quantity; mingle them▪ Or,

Take of both the Hellebores, Sulphur, Vitri∣ol, quick Lime, Allom, Galls, each half a Dram, of Verdigrease, two ••rams, with a sufficient quantity of liquid Pitch and Wax, make a Cerate: Or,

Take of burnt Allom, and Vitriol, on ouncè and an half, of round Birthwort, and Ver∣degrease, each two Drams of Ship-Pitch one ounce, of Horse Fat, one ounce and an half, of old Butter half a Pound, mix them.

Some use Arsenick, Aurepigmentum, Quick-Silver and the like: but because the asslicted part is so near the Brain, some say these things ought not to be used, lest a venemous quality should be impar∣ted to the Brain, and so the Patient should be destroyed; but Quick-silver is much safer than Arsnick, and therefore being killed with fasting spitle, it may be mixed with the Medicines above men∣tioned.

The Children so affected must forbear Salt and acid Meats, Garlick, Onions, Pease, Cabbage, Pork, and other things that breed ill juice.

CHAP. VIII. Of the Lowsie Disease.

THO grown people, if they live nastily and wear foul Cloaths, and do not change often their Woolen, as well as their Linnen, are subject to lice, yet this nasty disease is most familier to Chil∣dren, nor can Gentlemens Children be free from them, for they breed in their Heads: They are occasioned by putrifaction: It is a troublesome and nasty disease, and occa∣sions great itching, and is dangerous, if they possess the whole body; for some have died of them.

Lice forsake people when they are a dying, and run away in Troops; they being offended with the ill vapours that arise from dying bodies.

To prevent Lice, Children must be kept clean, and have an orderly dyet, They must abstain from meats of ill juice, especially Figs: But if Lice are generated, they must be removed by universal remedies, if their be occasion;

but first such external Medicines must be used, as take of the matter that breed Lice, and kill them when they are bred, as Staves-acre, Wormwood, Scordium, Rue, the leaves of Pine, and Cypress, the roots of Elecampane, Long Birth∣wort, Lupins, the Seeds of Nettles, Black Hellebore, Coloquintida, Sulpher, Bulls-Gall, Soap▪ Sea-water, of all which Lo∣tions or Liniments may be made. As,

Take of long Birthwort and Lupins, of the leaves of Pine and Cypress, each equal parts, boyl them for a Lotion to the Head. Or,

Take of the roots of Elecampane two Ounces, of Briony half an Ounce, of Beets, Mer∣cury and Soapwort, each one handfull, of Lupins one Ounce, Nitre, half an Ounce, boyl them for a Lotion for the Head.

Or you may make perfumed Washballs for the same pupose.

Take of Venice Soap six Ounces, of the powder of Cinnamon, half an Ounce, of Oyl of Aniseeds one Dram, of Musk grains five; make Balls.

After washing the Head, anoint it with such an oyntment as Follows.

Take of the powder of Staves-aere three Drams, of meal of Lupins half an ounce, of white Agarick three Drams, of live Sulphur two Drams, of the Gall of an Ox half an ounce, with a sufficient quantity of Oyl of Wormwood, make a Linement. Or,

Take of Staves-acre one ounce, of Worm∣wood and Rue, each half an ounce, of Sul∣phur, and Nitre, each two Drams, make a powder, and with Oyl of Laurel make an oyntment.

The stronger Medicines are white Hel∣lebore, Quick-silver killed with fasting Spitle. Some use Arsnick, but this is dangerous. As,

Take of the Seeds of Staves-acre one ounce, white Hellebore three Drams, of Quick∣silver killed with fasting Spitle two Drams, with Lard and Oyl of Laurel, make an oyntment.

But some think that Quick-si••ver ought not to be used to tender Infants, because it may occasion ill symptoms, besides

there are other more gentle Medicines that are sufficient to Cure this Disease.

CHAP. IX. Of an Hydrocephalus, and Inflation of the Head.

AN Hydrocephalus is a watery Tu∣mor of the whole Head, it some∣times seises grown persons, of which Carolus Piso has two observations; but it most freequently befalls Infants, their heads being so soft, as that they may be easily extended. Some Children have had this Disease in the Womb, but many have been afflicted with it after the birth. Rhasis says he saw a Child, whose head was so increased in length and breadth, that the body was not able to bear it. Pareus says he saw four such Children, and cured them.

If the water be contained within the Skull, it is much more difficult to cure than when without, and is most common∣ly deadly: The indication is to evacuat the waters, and to dry them up▪ This may be done by medicines applied to the Head, Ears and Nostrils.

Take Snails in their Shells number Thirty, of Marjoram and Mugwort, each one handful, and beat them, and add to them one scru∣ple of Camphor, and half a dram of Saf∣fron with oyl of Camomile make a Cata∣plasm, and inject the following water into their Nostrils.

Take of Nutmegs, Cloves, and Cubebs, each one scruple, of common sweet smelling Flag, and of the bark of Frankincense, each half a Dram, of the water of Marjoram, three ounces, mingle them.

Or with the balsom of Marjoram, Cloves, and Nutmegs, Musk, and Am∣bre the Nostrils may be anointed; and hot Oyls may be injected into the Ears.

But if the water be not carried off in this manner within twenty days, incisi∣on must be attempted, and the brain must be opened, and the water extracted, but by degrees, and by turns, lest the Childs strength be too much djected, and care must be taken, that the cold air does not hurt the Brain.

Authors make mention of another Tu∣mour in the head, which they call infla∣tion, which is generated by wind con∣tained under the skin of the head, or membranes of the brain, and so it distends

the head, and increases the bulk of it; but wind alone without water can scarce be collected in so great a quantity in this cold part of the body, as to make an in∣flamation here, but if water be collected here, it is not impossible but some of it may turn to wind; and if so rarifying and discussing Medicines must be applyed to the head, as Oyls of Rue and Camomile, the Seed of Rue, Anise, and the like.

CHAP. X. Of a Siriasis.

THis disease is known by a heat in the forepart of the head, and by the cavity in it, by the hollowness of the Eyes, redness of the Face, dryness of the body, want of Appetite, and Sleep; this disease is dangerous and most commonly deadly, according to the opinion of the women, and they suppose any disease will be so, if this bone, or the membrane subside, and make a hollowness; and indeed the Children so affected generally dye in three days, and many apply the 50th Apho∣rism of the 7th Section of Hyppocrates to this disease, quibus cerebrum sideratum est,

intra tres dies interiunt, si vero hos supera∣verint, sani fiunt. Because there is a hot intemperies with matter, it indicats re∣frigeration; but the humour that flies to the part discussion: But to prevent the flowing of more matter, it is proper to purge, which may be conveniently done by a Glister, or by Syrup of Roses so∣lutive, or by Syrup of Violets. Cooling things may be prepared of the juice of Lettice, Gourds, or Melons, or a fresh Gourd may be cut in slices and applyed: but you must take notice in the use of these things, that they must be applied actually cold, and when they grow hot, they must be renewed: but at the same time care must be taken, that the brain which is but just under, and only cove∣red with skin and membranes, be not hurt by the too great use of cooling things; therefore it is safest to anoint the part with Oyl of Roses, Or,

Take of oyl of Roses half an ounce, Populeon Oyntment, two Drams, the white of one Egg of the emulsion of Poppy seeds made in rose water, two drams, mingle them.

When the fluxion is over, and the in∣flamation is stopt, things that discuss made of Cammomile, Dill and the like must be used: As,

Take of Camomile, one ounce and an half, of Dill half an on ounce, the yelk of an Egg; mingle them.

When the fluxion is over, and the inflamation is stopt, things that discuss made of Cammomile, Dill and the like must be used: As,

Take of oyl of Camomile, one ounce and an half, oyl of Dill half an ounce, the yelk of one Egg; mingle them.

Take of the tops of Dill, half an handful, of the Flowers of Camomile, one Pugil; boyl them in water; add oyl of Camomile one ounce; mingle them.

Or you may apply the waters of Ca∣momile or Dill. The Nurse must ob∣serve a good diet, whereby the heat of the Milk may be attemperated; there∣fore let her use cooling diet, as a Ptisan of barley, an Emulsion of the greater cold Seeds, Poppy, Lettice, Endive, she must wholly abstain from wine, and strong beer, and she must either drink water, or small-beer: The Child must be kept in a cool air, and the Nurse a∣void all great commotions of the body and mind, especially anger.

CHAP. XI. Of Frights in Sleep.

TO come now to the symptoms of the animal faculty, in the common sense, and imagination two symptoms happen, viz. Frights in sleep, and great watchings: and first as to frights in sleep, they are nothing but sleep disturbed by terrible dreams, according to Hippo∣crates, parvis & nuper natis puerulis acci∣dunt pavo res inter dormiendum. Tho Aristo∣tle says that Children do not dream be∣fore they are four years old: but experi∣ence teaches us otherwise; for it appears plainly, by their laughing and frights in sleep.

The cause of frights are impure vapours mingled with the animal Spirits, that disturb them, and represent to the ima∣gination terrible Phantasms: These va∣pours arise from the Stomach, and are caused by ill concoction, and therefore this disease chiefly happens to such Chil∣dren, as suck greedily, and more than

the Stomach can Concoct, upon which account the milk corrupts, and raises va∣pours to the brain, that disturb the ani∣mal spirits, and it is not absurd to think that these vapours are sent to the head by the veins as well as by the Oesopha∣gus: For as in the Night-Mare, that is generated by a too great quantity of food, affording blood filled with gross wind, thick vapours ascend thro the vessels to the brain, and occasion this disorder; so if Infants fill their Stomach with too much food, blood also full of gross va∣pours may be generated, which being elevated to the brain occasion this disease. These frights also happen in Fevers, and in the Small-Pox, and Measles, and they also sometimes come from Worms.

This disease is easily known by the standers by; for the Children groan and shake in their sleep, and cry out of a sudden, and a hot and fetid vapour ex∣hals from their mouth most commonly.

This disorder must not be contemned, for it is often the forerunner of sits, wherefore you must endeavour to reme∣dy it in time, by removing the vitious humours from the stomach, that corrupt the meat: In order to which, the Nurse ought to be healthy, and to eat mode∣rately

of meats of good juice, and to ab∣stain from all, that yeild an ill nourish∣ment, that the milk which the Infant sucks may be good: The Infant also ought to suck sparingly, that the Stomach be not burthened, nor must the Infant after sucking or feeding be presently laid asleep, but must be kept up a while, that the meat may descend to the bottom of the Stomach, and be the easier concocted, and that the corrupt meat may be remo∣ved from the Stomach, or vomited up: Oyl of Sweet-Almonds may be given to the Child, or you may give a spoonful or two of Honey of Roses solutive, to carry off the vitious humours by stool.

The cause of the disease being taken off, the Stomach must be strengthened, which may conveniently be done with magistery of Coral, and consection of Hiacinth given in milk, and you may anoint the Stomach with the Oyls of Wormwood, Mint, Mastick, or Nutmegs: And before sleep it is good to give the Child a Lozenge of Diamosch dissolved in Milk: If this symptom pro∣ceed from a Fever, you must take care of that, if from Worms proper remedies must be used.

Some in this case use Amulets, as Coral, or the tooth of a Wolf hung a∣bout the neck.

CHAP. XII. Of Watchings.

ALL the while the Child is in the Womb, it is almost perpetually asleep, and for some times after it is born, if it be well, it is always almost asleep, for the brain is yet very moist, and abounds with a great deal of hu∣medity, therefore when it watches much, and cannot be brought to rest, either by rocking, singing, or giving the breast, nor by any other way, it is to be reckoned of a sickly constitution. This Disease is very dangerous, and especially to chil∣dren, because it is so contrary to the nature of them, and occasions, Convul∣sions, Fevers, and Catarrhs, and other Diseases.

If those acid Vapours that disturb sleep, and occasion watchings proceed from the corruption and fault of the milk, care must be taken for a Reme∣dy.

If a Fever, or some pain be the cause, it must be removed and the child must be cleansed, but Medicines that provoke sleep are not so safely used in Children, as in grown-persons. Some Nurses indeed are wont to give Infants at bed time Sy∣••up of Poppies, or the like, but this is very injurious to them; but if there be occasion, the Nurse ought rather to take things that cause sleep moderately, as sweet Almonds, Lettice, the seeds of white Poppie▪ and the like. As to ex∣ternals, the feet may be washed with a Decoction of the tops of Dill, of the flo∣wers of Camomile, and the heads of Pop∣pies, and it is very good to anoint the soles of the feet with the marrow of Stag's bones, but strong Narcoticks must not be applyed to the head; for the moist and weak brains of Infants will be there∣by offended. It is safest to use fresh oyl of Dill for anointing the Temples, or you may anoint them with the oyl of Roses mixed with a little oyl of Nut∣megs, or you may apply a Cataplasm made of the seeds of white Poppies, a little Saffron, and Womans milk, and the ••ostrils may be anointed with a little ••yl of Violets; if the brain be dry, a ••ag dipt in Violet, or Lettice water,

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and pressed out, may be applyed to the head.

CHAP. XIII. Of Childrens Convulsions.

CHildrens Convulsions are so frequent that they are almost the only species of Convulsions; they are chiefly subject to them in the first•• months, and at the time they breed their Teeth, but they also happen at other times, and pro∣ceed from other causes, in such as are disposed to them. Sometimes they do not come presently after the Birth, but lie hid until the breeding of Teeth, or not till a great while after, and take their rise from other evident causes, as from an unhealthy, or big bellied Nurse, from milk coagulated, or corrupted in the Stomach, from a Feverish disposition, from Ulcers or Scabs in the head, or other parts, suddenly disappearing, from chan∣ges of the air, or from the conjunction, or opposite aspects of the Sun and Moon. We must endeavour to prevent these Convulsions in Children and Infants, o••

to cure them, when they are come; for if the former Children of the same Parents have been subject to Convulsive Fits, this Disease ought to be prevented by the early use of Remedies, in such as are born after. To this end it is custo∣mary to give to new-born Babes, as soon as they begin to breath, some Medicine proper for Convulsions, as some drops of pure honey, a Spoonful of Canary Wine, sweetned with Sugar, oyl of swee•• Almonds fresh drawn, a drop of oyl of Ambre, or half a Spoonful of Epileptick water; besides these things used at first, which certainly do good, some other Re∣medies ought to be administred. For in∣stance, give a Spoonful twice a day of the following Liquor.

Take of the waters of Black Cherries and Rue, each one ounce and an half, of Langiuses, Epileptick water, one ounce, of Syrup of Coral, six drams, of prepared Pearl fif∣teen grains; mingle them in the Vi••l.

The third or fourth day after the Birth, make an Issue in the neck, and if the countenance be florid, evacuate by bleed∣ing an ounce and an half, or two ounces of blood from the ingular Vein: But

take care that too much blood do not flow out in sleep. Rub gently the Tem∣ples with the following Linement.

Take of oyl of Nutmegs by expression, two drams, of balsam of Copiaba, three drams, of Ambar one scruple; mix them.

Hang round the neck the roots, and seeds of male Peony, and Elks-hoof sew∣ed up in a rag. Moreover Medicines proper for Convulsions must be given daily to the Nurse. Let her take morn∣ing and evening a draught of Whey, wherein the roots of male Peony, or the seeds of sweet Fennel have been boyl∣ed.

Take of the Conserves of the flowers of Bettony, Male Peony, and Rosemary flowers each two ounces; of the roots and flowers of Male Peony, each two drams; of red Co∣ral prepared, and white Ambar, each one dram; of the the roots of Angelica, and Zedoary prepared, each half a dram, with a suffient quantity of Syrup of Peony. Make an electuary; let the Nurse take the quan∣tity of a Nutmeg of it morning and even∣ing, and be very orderly in her diet.

But if the Infant be actually seized with Convulsions, you must apply a Blister to the neck, or behind the ears, and if the Infant be of a hot Constitution, Leaches must be applyed to the jugular Veins, and Linements must be used to the temples, nostrils and neck, and to the soles of the feet, and glisters, which empty the bel∣ly plentifully, must be injected, and e∣very sixth or eighth hour, specifick Re∣medies must be given.

Take of oyl of Copaiba, and Castor, each two drams, of oyl of Ambar, half a dram; make a Liniment.

Apply to the soles of the feet the P••••ist••r with Euphorbium spread on Leather.

Take of prepared Pearle, of the Powder de Guttita, each one dram, mingle them for twelve Papers, whereof let the Child take one morning and evening in a Spoonfull of the following julep, drinking after it one or two Spoonfulls.

Take of the waters of black Cherries, and of Lilly of the Vallies, each two ounces; of Fennel water and Compound Peony water, each two drams; of Syrup of red Poppies six drams.

Take of the powder of the seeds of Rue, of Castor, and Asasetida each a suf∣ficient quantity, mingle them, and tye it up in a rag sprinkled with Vinegar, and put it often to the nostrils.

Ʋnzerus Commends much the gall of a sucking kitling, all the juice being ta∣ken out out of the bladder, and mix∣ed with a little water of Lime-flowers and given to the Child; and an excel∣lent Physician says, that he knew several Children cured with this Remedy. When by reason of breeding Teeth difficultly Convulsions happen, this symptom is se∣condary, and less dangerous, and there∣fore does not require the first and chief work of healing; in this case we are more solicitous to ease the pain, and to take off the Fever; and therefore we order a thin cooling diet, and the eruption of the Teeth is to be endeavoured, ei∣ther by rubbing, or cutting the Gums, and things that are annodyne are to be applyed to the swelld and pained parts, and blisters and bleeding are to be used▪ often, and we ought to pro∣cure sleep, and to qualifie the fury of the blood: But in the mean time tem∣perate

Medicines for Convulsions, and such as do the least stir the humours are to be used, and blisters often do also give relief.

But Children are sometimes seized with Convulsions, from other occasions and accidents; the cause most common∣ly of such, is either in the head or in the bowells; when the former is suspe∣cted, as is wont to be known by the signs, which shew watery humours heapt up in the brain, the Medicines above∣mentioned must be used. Moreover for those who bear purging well, a vomit, or gentle purge must be prescribed, Wine and Oxymel of Squills, also Mer∣curius Dulcis Rhubarb, and Rosin of Ja∣lap are of good use. When the cause of the Convulsions seems to be lodged in the bowels, or where Worms or sharp humours in the belly are the cause; for Worms, a purge of Rhubarb or of Mercu∣rius dulcis with the rosin of Jalap, must be given, and the following Medicines are also of use.

Take of the roots of Virginia Snake-weed powdered, one dram; of Coral calcined till it is white, half a dram; make a powder. The dose is half a scruple, or a scruple

twice a day for three days following, drink∣ing upon it the d••••oction of the roots of grass.

Take of Hiera Piera, and of Venice Trea∣cle, eachone dram; make a plaister for the 〈◊〉〈◊〉

If the Convulsions are thought to pro∣ceed from sharp humours, disturbing the bowels and stomach, purging upward or downward is to be ordered by turns; to this end a gentle vomit of Wine of Squills, or falt of vitriol is to be given, if the Child is inclined to vomiting of its own accord.

Take of Syrup of Peony three ounces; Salt of vitriol two scruples, of Compound Laven∣der-water one dram. Mingle them, give a Spoonfull three or four times in an hour, till the Child has once vomited, or went to stool once.

But if evacation downward seem most proper, give the infusion of Rhubarb, or the powder of it, or Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb, or Syrup of roses with A∣garick; and with these remedies, seasona∣bly used, Convulsion fits have been of∣ten

cured in Children; and moreover Glisters are to be used frequently, and external Medicines, namely Fomentations Linements, or Emplasters must be apply∣ed to the belly.

Take of the leaves of Camomile cut small, two handfulls, put them into two bags made of fine Cloath, or of Silk, which being dipt in hot milk, and pressed out, are to be applyed successively to the Belly.

CHAP. XIV. Of Squinting.

SQuinting belongs to animal Acti∣ons hurt, wherewith new born babes are seized. This Disease is either natu∣ral, by reason of an ill conformation of the eye, or is co tracted by custom, the Infant turning its eye often in the Cradle to a Candle, or the light ill placed, or it is occasioned by a Disease, when after, frequent sits, the muscles of the eyes are distorted.

If it be from the very birth, it is hardly cured, or when it proceeds from sits; but if it arise from an ill custom, it may be cured, if it be taken in time; but when it is let alone a long while, it is in a manner incurable.

It is cured by placing a Candle oppo∣site to the part, whereunto the Eye is preternaturally inclined, or fine Pictures or the like may be offered to the sight in the same manner, and by constant

and daily use, the eye may be reduced to a right position, or a mask may be so made that the sight may be directed right.

CHAP. XV. Of the Pain, Inflamation, Moisture, Ʋlcers and Worms of the Ears.

AMongst Childrens Diseases, Hippo∣crates reckons the moisture of the ears; for the brain of Children being very moist, part of the humidity is some∣times evacuated by the ears: And this is seldom done without an inflamation; for most Commonly, if superfluous humours flow plentifully to the ears, an inflamation is occasioned, and pain arises from thence, and when it is not discussed by reason of the moisture of Childrens bodies, but turned to matter, af∣terwards blood, matter and senies flow, out, and sometimes Worms are bred in the ear.

These D••seases are not to be neglected, for the pain which is most commonly

joined with them, may kill a grown person in seven days, sayes Hippocrates, and much easier a Child, or may occa∣sion fits, or great watchings; besides because Childrens ears are very moist, Worms are are apt to be generated in them, and sometimes by a continual flux of humours, and by foul Ulcers, the bones of the ear are at length corrup∣ted, and if the Ulcer is not cured in time an incurable deafness arises, and there∣fore the cure must be begun early. And first, if the pain be very violent, care must be taken to quiet it; but Childrens bodies cannot bear strong Medicines, it is sufficient for them, that their ears be fomented with warm milk, with oyl of Roses, or Violets, or with a decoction of poppy heads, or you may put into the ear the white of an Egg with a little Saffron.

And to cleanse the care from moisture it is good to use honey of Roses, or water of honey which must be put in∣to the ear with a tent; and if these things are not sufficient, Allom diluted with Wine must be put into the ear with a little soft wool it; is also good to put into the ear with soft wool the roots of Orris, Myrrh, and Saffron, Nitre, Allom, and Saffron mixed with Wine and Honey. Or,

Take of Virgin-honey half an ounce, of red Wine two ounces, of Allom, Saffron and Nitre, each one scruple. Or the fresh oyl of Hempseeds mixed with a little Wine, may be dropt into the ear.

CHAP. XVI. Of Aphthae, Bladders of the Gums, and and an instamation of the Almonds.

ULcers arise often in the mouths of Children, which are called Aphthae; they are occasioned by ill milk, or by corruption of the stomach; for the in∣ternal parts of the mouths of Children being very soft and tender, and unac∣customed to meat in the Womb, if the milk be sharp or any otherwise faulty, their mouths are soon Ulcerated, or if acid vapours arise from corrupted milk in the stomach, their mouths may be easily Ulcerated this way; for the tunick of the Jaws is common to the Osophagus, and so the faults of the stomach are easily communicated to the jaws.

The bladders of the Gums are much the same with the Aphthae, and are also occasioned by corrupted milk, and the cure is the same.

Take of Lentils excorticated, what quantity you please, powder thém, and chew them, and apply them to the Gums. Or,

Take of the flower of Millium, half an ounce, of Rose water, and Omphacine oyl, each a sufficient quantity; make a Linement.

Hippocrates reckons an inflamation of the Almonds amongst Childrens distem∣pers, they are most subject to it from the eleventh year of their age to the thirteenth. As to the cure, you must en∣deavour to keep the belly open, if there be occasion, you must give a Glister, and in the beginning repellents must be used, afterwards resolvents must be used with them at length resolvents only in a man∣ner. The part affected must be anointed with honey of Roses, Syrup of dry'd Roses, Syrups of Myrtills, Pomgranats, or Dia∣moron, according as the state of the Di∣sease requires; and the neck must be a∣nointed with the oyls of Almonds, Ca∣momile, or St. Johns wort. In some ca∣ses it is necessary to apply a blister to the poll.

CHAP. XVII. Of breeding Teeth.

AMongst all the Diseases and Symp∣toms which are wont to happen to Children, breeding of the Teeth is the most proper; for tho' many other Diseases are familiar to Children, yet there are very few, that are unavoida∣ble, excepting the breeding of the Teeth. Altho' the breeding of Teeth be Na∣tures work, yet by reason of the Di∣seases and various Symptoms, which ea∣sily accompany it, it is reckoned amongst Childrens Diseases. As soon as Children are born, they have Teeth, but they lie in the gums: Yet some Children have been born with Teeth, appearing as Pliny relates in his natural History of Marcus Curius, who was therefore called Dentatus. But the Teeth most commonly do not come forth till the seventh Month; first those that are called Incisores, after∣wards the Dog Teeth, and at length the Grinders. There are many preternatural

disorders, that arise from the solution of continuity. Frst a great itching is per∣ceived in the Gu ns, afterwards prick∣ing as it were of needles, and this occa∣sions great pain▪ wachings, inflamations of the Gums, Fevers, Loosness, Convul∣sions, and these commonly happen upon the coming forth of the Dog Teeth, com∣monly called the Eye Teeth, and there∣fore it is commonly said, that Parents should not reckon much upon their Chil∣drens lives, till the Eye teeth are come forth. The first Teeth fall away about the seventh year, and new ones come in their room, without pain, because the Gums were perforated before.

Tho' Children cannot tell the pain they suffer in breeding Teeth, yet it may be known, first by the time they use to come out in, which is about the seventh month; and then because Children fre∣quently put their fingers in their months to asswage the pain; thirdly, because the Mother or the Nurses perceive they squeeze the nipple harder than they used to do; fourthly, the Gums are white in the place where the Teeth endeavour to come out, and sometimes at length vari∣ous ill Symptoms arise, as pains, watch∣ings, Loosness, Fevers, and Convulsi∣ons.

As to the progn••sticks, breeding of Teeth is often very dangerous, and ma∣ny Children dye of the Diseases and Symptoms that are occasioned thereby. Those Children that have a Loosness in breeding of Teeth, are least subject to Convulsions, and when an acute Fever happens, it most commonly prevents Convulsions, because the matter occasion∣ing Convulsions is carried off by the Fe∣ver. Children breed their Teeth best in winter.

As to the cure, we must endeavour to ••oo••en and mollifie the Gums, that the Teeth may come out the easier, and we ought to use cooling t••ings to ease the pain and inflamation: But they must be mixed with Emollients; therefore rub the Gums with the finger dipt in honey, or with honey mixt with butter; or let the child bite a Candle made of Virgin Wax, or anoint the Gums with a muci∣lage of Quince-seed made in Mallow wa∣ter, or rub the Gums with the brains of a Hare.

Foment the Jaws without with a deco∣ction of Marsh mallow flowers of Ca∣momile, and Dill, or with the mucilage of the seeds of Quinces, and Marsh mal∣lows mixed with the yolk of an Egg, if

the Gums are inflamed, the juice of Night-shade or of Lettice must be ad∣ded to the former things. The Nurse must observe a good diet, rather cooling than hot, she must use Oatmeal and bar∣ley broaths, porched Eggs, Prunes, In∣dive, Lettice, and the like; she must ab∣stain from salt and acid meats, and from Wine.

CHAP. XVIII. Of loosening the String of the Tongue, and of the Ranula under the Tongue.

IT happens often in Infants, that the Tongue is bound so strait by the string, that it cannot well or freely move and sometimes in the place where the bridle of the Tongue is, a soft and white swelling appears, which they call Ranula.

The binding of the Tongue is most conveniently removed by Surgery; for tho' Midwifes often break the string as soon as the Child is born, or cut it with a groat, yet they often err in the operation, and do it many times when there is no occasion, therefore it is much safer to use a skillful Surgeon; afterwards apply the following Linement.

Take of barley meal half an ounce, mingle it with a sufficient quantity of Clarified honey, and over a gentle fire let all the hu∣midity exhale, that it may be reduced to a powder, and with honey of Roses make a Linement.

As to the Ranula under the Tongue; there are large and conspicuous Veins un∣der the Tongue, which are sometimes filled with ill blood; therefore if a fleg∣m••tick humour be gathered here, and sweats out thence, and sticks there with∣in the passage of the flesh, a tumour is occasioned by it and the blood like a Fungus generated upon a Tree; and if it continue long and increase, it hinders the speech; and therefore ought to be timely remedied; wherefore the tumour is to be removed by the application of Salt and Frankincense mixed, or with pow∣der of Sage mixed with honey of Roses and a drop or two of spirit of Vitriol. Or,

Take of Cuttle bone, Sal Gemma and Pep∣per, each one dram; of burnt spunge three drams; make a powder, wherewith rub the tumour or with the foregoing powder

and honey make a Linement, and anoint the tumour with it, and apply under the chin a Plaister made with equal parts of Goose-dung and honey boyled in Wine to the consumption of the Wine.

CHAP. XIX. Of a Catarrh, Cough, and Difficulty of breaking.

CAtarrhs arise in Children from their natural constitution, and moist tem∣per of their brains, whereby many ex∣crements are heapt up there; for too great a quantity of milk burdening the stomach sends vapours to the head and sill the brain, and Children being unaccustom∣ed in the Womb too cold, the extream coldness of the air, or too much heat, or much Cloaths upon their heads, pour the matter upon the Nostrils Jaws, or Lungs, and if the excrementitious hu∣mours cannot be evacuated by the No∣strils they fall upon the Aspera Arteria, and cause a Cough; but if they fall upon the Bronchia of the Lungs, they cause difficulty of breathing.

These Symptoms are easily discovered, but whether the humour be cold or hot, may be known in the following manner: if the humour be hot, the Catarrh is thin, the Children often sneeze, the face is florid, and the jaws look red, and a hot vapour exhales from their mouths, and the Nurses perceive it when the Chil∣dren suck. If the humour be cold▪ it is thick, and the Children do not sneeze, nor is there any redness in the face or jaws nor heat in their mouth. But whe∣ther the difficulty of breathing arise from matter coming from the head or from phlcgmatick blood, may be known as follows: If it come from the head, there is a Catarrh, and also a Cough, and in breathing a noise is perceived, the air not passing freely through the obstructed Bronchia: But if it be occasioned by a phlegmatick humour arising from the hypochonders, there is no Catarrh nor Cough, and the hypochonders appear in∣flated and tumid.

Catarrhs, Coughs, and difficulty of breathing are not to be neglected in Children; for Coughs do not only occa∣sion Watchings, and frequent Vomitings but also ruptures; and Catarrhs occasion suffocations, and sometimes kill.

They are not easily cured, because children cannot bear all sorts of Reme∣dies, and besides they do not know how to spit up the matter.

We must principally endeavour, that the intempers which occasions the mat∣ter be rectified, and the fluxion of the humour to the breast hindered. But be∣cause children cannot take or bear many Medicines, and nature it, self without the help of Medicines, does most commonly concoct the cause of the Catarrh, and so stop it, if a good diet be observed; therefore great care must be taken that neither the Child or Nurse commit any errour in diet; wherefore the Infants stomach must not be filled with milk, or any other meat, and the nurse must abstain from Acid Salt, and acid things and all other things which send many va∣pours to the head, and it is useful to give a Pectoral decoction to the nurse.

Take of figs and jujubs, each number ten, Sebe∣stins number thirty, raisins stoned, ten drams, Liquorish two drams, Maiden Hair, Hyssop and Violets, each half an ounce; boyl them in three pints of Foun∣tain water to the Comsumption of a third part.

Care must be taken to keep the belly loose with honey, Syrup of Roses, Solu∣tive, Cassia, Manna, or with Glisters▪ it is al•• convenient to give a Spoonful of oyl of sweet Almonds fresh drawn, and mixed with Sugar Candy; for it loosens the belly, and eases the cough: or vomiting may be provoked by putting a finger in the childs mouth: But you must take a special care to keep the bel∣ly loose if difficulty of breathing arise from an repletion of the stomach, or Hypo∣chondres, then it is also proper to give flax-seed with honey, and a little cummin-seed; afterwards give the juice of Fennel with milk or Syrup of Jujubes and Maiden-Hair, and if the matter be thick, Syrup of Hyssop, or an emulsion of sweet Al∣monds and Pine Nuts made in Scabious water: or some other convenient water, and sweetened with Sugar Candy; or a Linctus may be made of the species Diaireos, or Diatragacanth: Frigid, Penidiat Sugar, and with Syrup of Ju∣jubes, or with honey, oyl of sweet Al∣monds, and the juice of Liquorish and Fennel.

But if the Catarrh be hot, an emul∣sion of the four greater cold seeds may be prepared in Mallow-water, and the species of Diatragacanth frigid, may be added to it; and to dry up the Matter of the Catarrh, hot linnen stups sprink∣led with red Roses and Frankincense may be applied outwardly, and the Childrens feet may be washed with Beer, wherein Cephalick Herbs have been boiled; afterwards anoint the soles of the Feet with Deers-suet, or the O••l of Laurel.

And because the Catarrh sometimes falls upon the Jaws and Aspera Arteria, because the Nostrils are stopt, anoint them with Butter, or with the Oil of Bitter, or sweet Almonds often in a day. Or,

Take of the Juice of Beets and Majoram,, each two drams, of Chickweed half an ounce, of Oyl of sweet Almonds one ounce, mingle them, and anoint the Nostrils therewith.

Or, put up the Nostrils Butter to the bigness of a Pea; or you may apply Mar∣joram to the Nostrils, that sneezing may be provoked, to evacuate through the Nostrils the matter which flows up∣on the Aspera Arteria.

To conclude, some anoint the Breast

with Butter, Hens-fat, or Oyl of Ca∣momile, and Oyl of Almonds, to render Respiration more easie.

Chap. XX. Of the Hickops.

THe Hickops happen to Children, by reason of the coruption of Meat in the Stomach, or by the repletion of the stomach with Milk, or because of the refrigeration of the stomach by external Air, whereby the expulsive faculty of the stomach is so much offended, and irrita∣ted to expel that which troubles it.

The Hickops, for the most part, are not dangerous in Children; but if the câuse of it be so great, as to be communi∣cated to the rest of the Nerves, and to occasion other Convulsions, it is most commonly deâdly.

If the Hickops be occasioned by a cor∣ruption of the Meat, it ought to be cast up by Vomitting, to which end, put your Finger in the Childs mouth, or a feather dipt in Oyl: afterwards strengthen the stomach with things that heat, and lessen the Childs diet.

If the Hickops are occasioned by a cor∣ruption, and fault of the Milk, it must

be amended with proper Remedies, and the corrupted Milk must be carried off from the Childs stomach, with syrup, or Honey of Roses solutive; and after∣wards Conserve of Red Roses, with Powder of Coral, and Bole-armonick must be given▪ If the Hickops âre oc∣casioned by Refrigeration, the stomach must be heated by external and internal Medicines, give the Infant syrup ôf Mint, or of Bettony; foment the stomâch with a decoction of the Leaves of Mint and Wormwood, and with the Roots of Cy∣perus, and afterwards anoint with Oyl of Mint, Mastich, or Dill; or apply a Cataplasm made of Mint and the seeds of Dill beaten up with Oyl of Mastich, or Mastich and Frankincense mixed wi•••• the White of an Egg, may be applied to the Orifice of the stomach. Or,

Take of Mastich one ounc••, of Frankin∣cense, and the seeds of Dill, each two drams, of Cummin-seed one dram; pow∣der them; and mix them with the Juice of Mint; apply a lenient stup dipt in it to the Stomach.

Chap. XXI. Of Vomiting.

THis is occasioned in Infants most commonly by sucking too greedily, or by reason of Worms: it may also pro∣ceed from flegm in the stomach, and sometimes from a weakness of it.

If Vomiting proceed from too great a quantity of Milk, the Nurse may soon know it, and the Child is at ease present∣ly after vomiting: if it be occasioned from the corruption of the Milk, it may be known by what is brought up and it is either yellow, green, or some other vitious colour, and it smells ill. Worms may be known by their proper signs.

Vomiting in Children, is most com∣monly not dangerous, and Women com∣monly say, that those Children are longest lived, who Vomit sometimes from the very Birth; and this opinion is not irrational; far Infants having col∣lected some vitious Humours in the Womb, that lie in their stomachs, which is moreover laxed, humid, and weak, they easily generate crudities, by sucking too much, and so the Milk is corrupted; therefore if the vitious humours collected

in the stomach, are ejected by vomiting, it is much better, and more for their health, than if these humours were re∣tained, and distributed to the innermost parts of the Body.

If Vomiting proceed from a great quantity of Milk, there is little danger; for most commonly the Children are better âfter it: but if it proceed from corruption of the Milk, it is ill; for ma∣ny other symptoms are apt to accompany it. If it▪continue long, it is dangerous; for it causes a Consumption, and often kills. If that which is rejected be white and s••egmatick, it is better than that which is of a safron, green, or blackish colour.

If the Vomiting proceed from a great quantity of Milk, the Child must not suck often, nor never fill the stomach. If the Vomiting proceed from a cor∣ruption of the Milk, it must be rectified by proper Remedies, and that which is co∣rupted, must be carried off with Syrup, or Honey of Roses solutive; and to strengthen the Childs stomach, you must give Syrup of Mint, or Syrup of Quinces. Or,

Take of the Wood of Aloes, Mastich, Co∣ral, each half a dram; of Galingal, half

a scruple; mix them with the Syrup of Quin∣ces, or the powder of them may be taken in the Nurse or Mother's Milk.

If the Humour be acid and hot, give Sy∣rup of Pomegranates or Syrup of Coral: apply to the stomach the Stomach Cerate, or a Toast dipt in Malago Wine. Or,

Take of the Oyls of Mastich, Quinces, Mint, Wormwood, each half an ounce; of Oyl of Nutmegs by expression, half a dram; of Powder of Cloves, one scruple. Or, Take of Red-Roses, half an handful; of Mint one pugil; of the Roots ef Cyperus, and of Myrtle-berries, e••ch two drams; boyl them in Red-wine, dip a Spung in the Wine, and apply it to the stomach. Or,

Take a White-bread-Toast, moistened with Vinegar, three Yolks of Eggs boiled till they are hard; and of Mastich, Frankin∣cense and Gum-Arabick, each a sufficient quantity, with the juice of Mint, make a Plaister. Or,

Take of Mastich, Frankincense, Red Roses, each two drams; Cloves one scruple, with the Juice or Water of Mint, make a Cataplasm.

If the Milk be hot, anoint the Stomach with the Oils of Roses, Myrtles, Quinces; As,

Take of the Oyls of Roses and Myrtles,

each one ounce; Sperma Ceti two drams; of the Powders of Coral, and of all the San∣ders, each half a dram; mingle them. Or,

Take of Mastich, Red-Roses, each two drams; Balaustins one dram; of a Toast muistened with Rose-Vinegar, one ounce and an half; with a sufficient quantity of Oyl of Roses, make a Cataplasm. Coral is counted a Specifick in this case, and therefore is hung about Childrens Necks to prevent Vomiting.

Chap. XXII. Of 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉.

GRipes frequently happen to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 either with a Loosness, or without it: They most commonly pro∣ceed from the Milk, Wind, and acid Humours being generated by it; for if too great a quantity of Milk burthens the Stomach, Crudities and Wind are occasioned, and sometimes the Nurses eating windy things is the cause, or cold Air that offends the Child's belly; and if the Milk be corrupted in the Stomach, when it descends to the Guts, it gnaws, and vellicats them, and so causes pain. Worms in the bowels oftimes causes pain.

The Gripes in Children are known

by their restlessness, and continual cry∣ing, and refusing to suck, and by throw∣ing themselves hither and thither. I•• the Pain be occasioned by Wind, it some∣times remits, and sometimes increases▪ the Belly i•• inflated, the Child belches▪ and breaks Wind backwards; if it pro∣ceed from an Humour, the Pain is almost continual; and if the humour be flegma∣tick and viscid, the Belly is most com∣monly bound, and the Excrements are slimy. If the Pain proceed from cor∣rupted Milk, or from bilious and cho∣lerick humours, there is most commonly a loosness joined with it, and the Excre∣ment is of a saffron, or green colour. If the Pain proceed from Worms, there are signs of Worms.

The Gripes, if they continue long, weaken Children, and occasion Convul∣sions, but the worst Gripes proceed from corrupted Milk, and acid Hu∣mours, and those which proceed from Worms, are also dangerous.

If the Gripes take their rise from Wind and crude Humours, and the bel∣ly is bound, it is convenient to inject a Glister.

Take of Pellitory of the Wall, and of the Flowers of Camomile, each half a handful, boil

them in the Broth of Flesh; take of the strain∣ed Liquor three or four ounces; of Honey of Roses strained an ounce, half the Yolk of an Egg, make a Glister. This Glister may be given to a Child of a Month, or two Months old, or you may give the Child Oyl of Sweet-Almonds fresh drawn, an hour before it eats, for it loosens the Belly, and eases the Pain.

Heurnius says, That he has found that a scruple of the Seed of Anise grosly beaten, being given to Children new∣born, mixed in a spoonful of Pap, has freed them from green Choler, and filthy Flegm, and that it eases the Gripes. We must apply outwardly such things as gently heat, attenuate, dissipate and loosen▪ and are also anodyne; to which end you must anoint the Belly well with Oyl of Dill, or Pellitory bruised and mixed with Oyl of Camomile; or you may make a Fomentation of the Flowers of Camomile. Or,

Take of the Flowers of Camomile, and of the tops of Dill, each one handful; of the Seeds of Flax and Fen••greek, each half an ounce, boil them in Wine, and foment the Belly with it twice a day.

But if the Gripes proceed from cor∣rupted Milk, and acid Humours, things

that cleanse must be used; give there∣fore Syrup of Roses solutive, or Honey of Roses solutive, or Syrup of Succory with Rhubark, or a Glister may be in∣jected made of a decoction of Bran and Pellitory, and Syrup of Roses solutive. Or,

Take of Barley-Water three or four oun∣ces; of Oyl of Dill one ounce, or one ounce and half, the Yolk of one Egg, make a Glister.

Outwardly apply Oyl of Roses mixed with the Oyls of Dill and Camomile▪

Chap. XXIII. Of the Inflation of the Belly, and Hypochondres.

IT often happens, that the Hypochon∣dres and Belly of Children under the short Ribs swell, and are as it were inflated. These Swellings arise from sucking, or eating more than they can well concoct; upon which account crude Humours and Wind are heapt up in the Stomach and neighbouring parts, and so occasion this inflation of the Hypo∣condres.

The Disease is known by the inflation and hardness of the Stomach, and the

Hypochondres, and the Children are afflicted with a narrowness and contra∣ction of the mouth of the Stomach, and they breath difficulty.

This Disease is easily cured, if a good Diet be observed; wherefore the Chil∣dren must feed sparingly, that the Cru∣di••ies may be concocted; nor should they suck or eat, till that which was eaten before is concocted and it is good; to purge off the crude Humours with Honey of Roses solutive, and the Pow∣der of the Roots of Paeony, Orris, and the Seeds may be given, or a Linctus may be made of the Powders with Ho∣ney, or the Oyl of Sweet-Almonds and Sugar, and the Hypochondres may be fomented with a decoction of the Flow∣ers of Camomile, and the Seeds of Cum∣min; or they may be anointed with the Oyls of Camomile, Rue, or Lawrel.

Chap. XXIV. Of a Loosness.

A Loosness is very common to Chil∣dren, and it most commonly hap∣pens about the time they are breeding their Teeth but sometimes also when they are not breeding their Teeth, when either their Stomach or Bowels are cooled by the external Air, and so a due concoction is

hindred; or it may happen though the Stomach be very well, when it is over∣burthened with too large a quantity of Meat or Drink, which breeds Crudities, and corrupts the Meat, and Meat that is crude, unconcocted and corrupted, if it be not rejected by Vomit, causes a Loos∣ness. A Loosness may also happen by a fault in the Milk or Meat, from whence ill chyle is generated in the Stomach, which provokes Nature to frequent Eva∣cuations; the humidity and loosness of the Bowels may be also a cause.

A Loosness appears of it self, but whether it be occasioned by breed∣ing of Teeth, or from some other cause, may be known by the signs of breeding Teeth. If it proceed from an Intem∣peries of the Stomach and Bowels, some external causes went before, which might occasion a cold or moist Intempe∣ries in the Stomach or Bowels. If this Flux proceed from an Humour falling from the Head, it may be known by a Catarrh being present, and what the matter is, which is evacuated, may be easily known; for if the Humours are crude, the Meat is evacuated Uncon∣cocted, the Child is troubled with belch∣ing, and the Excrements are slegmatick

and white; but if the Humours are hot, and the Meat is corrupted, those things which are evacuated, are yellow or green, and stink, and the Child is much griped.

What Celfus says in general of Fluxes in the Belly, is also true as to Children, viz. That a Loosness for a day or more is of∣ten good for the health if no Fever accom∣pany it, and if it go off within seven days; and therefore a Loosness in Children, if they bear it well, must not be pre∣sently stopt; for corrupted Humours in the Stomach are often commodiously eva∣cuated thereby, whereas if they were re∣tained, many grievous symptoms would arise; and therefore Hippocrates says in his Book of breeding Teeth, that those Children that have a loosness in breeding Teeth, are least subject to Convulsions.

But if Children do not well bear their Loosness, and it takes away their Sto∣mach, and makes them weak, it must be stopt; and a Loosness is dangerous in Children, if it come upon an acute Fever, and if that which is evacuated be black.

In the Cure, we must first consider, whether the Child sucks or not, and next, whether it be breeding the Teeth, or not; for if the Child yet suck, the cure must not be directed to the Child, but

to the Mother, or Nurse; and we must consider whether the Milk be good, or not; for if the Milk be bad, it must be amen∣ded, or if that cannot presently be done, the Nurse must be changed. The Nurse must use an astringent Diet, and must abstain from Fruits, and crude Meats, and such as are of difficult concoction. But if the Infant does not suck, the cure must be directed to it: but whether it suck or not, the vitious Humours that are evacuated, must not be unseasonably stopt, especially when Children are breeding their Teeth; for that which would otherwise occasion a Fever, and other mischief, is thereby evacuated; and therefore the business must be left to Nature, especially if the Flux be not large, and if the Child bear it well: but if it does not bear it well, the cause on which it depends must be removed, and the Humours must be carried off by such Medicines as afterwards bind, as by Sy∣rup or Honey of Roses solutive, or with Conserve of Roses made with Manna. Or,

Take of the decoction of the Seeds of Milli∣um, and all the Myrobalans, each two or three ounces; of the Simple Syrup of Roses, one or two ounces, make a Glister, when the

Humours are cleansed away, if the cause be hot, give the Syrups of dry'd Roses, of Quinces, Myrtles, or Coral, or the Powders of Pearl, Coral, Mastichs, Harts-horn, and Red Roses, or the Pow∣der of Myrtles with a little Dragons Blood. Or,

Take of Nutmeg, and Mastich, each one scruple, give them mixed with Syrup of Quinces.

Let the Belly be anointed with the Oyls of Myrtle, Roses, and Mastich. As,

Take of Oyls of Myrtle one ounce, of Oyls of Mastich and Roses, each half an ounce, wax a little and mingle them. Or foment the Belly with a decoction of Red Roses, Mullein, and Plantain made in Red Wine Or,

Take of Red Roses and Mullein, each one handful; of the Roots of Cyperus, two drams; of Mastich, half an ounce: make a Linnen Bag, put these Ingredients into it, and boil it in red astringent Wine, and ap∣ply the Bag to the Belly. Or,

Take of Quinces boiled in Red Wine, and pulped through a Sive, four ounces; of a Toast sprinkled with Vinegar, one ounce and an half, with a sufficient quantity of Oyl of Mastich, make a Cataplasm. Or,

Take of the Roots of Comfrey, one ounce;

of the Leaves of Platain and Mullein, each three handfuls; of Red Roses, one handful; of Balaustines, half an ounce, boil them in Water for a Bath.

But if the Loosness proceeds from a cold cause, and the Excrements are white give Syrup of Mastich, or Syrup of Quinces, mixed with Mint Water; and outward∣ly apply Medicines made of Mint, Wormwood, Mastich, or Cummin. As,

Take of the Oyls of Nard, Mastich, Mint, each half an onnce; of the Powder of Coral, half a dram; of Oyl of Nutmeg by expression, two scruples, with a sufficient quantity of Wax, make an Oyntment.

Or you may apply to the Belly, Mint boiled in Wine, or a crust of Bread moistened with Mint-Water, or a Bag of Mint, Wormwood, and Red Roses, Mastich, Nutmeg, and Cloves.

Chap. XXV. Of Costiveness in Children.

IT often happens that Children are bound in their Bodies, or go to Stool seldomer than they ought, which happens by reason of a cold and dry In∣temperies of the Bowels, or because the

Humours are viscid and flegmatick; but this chiefly happens by a fault in the milk, when the Mother and Nurses use a gross, viscid, and astringent Diet, and drink too sparingly. A hot Intem∣peries of the Liver, Spleen, or Reins, may also occasion Costiveness, or an obstruction of the Gall, which should stimulate the Guts to excretion.

This Disease is manifest of it self, but what is the cause of Costiveness, or of going to stool seldom, must be care∣fully considered. If a natural dryness of the Guts is the cause, the Belly is scarce ever orderly dischârged, if gross and viscid Flegm is the cause, the Excre∣ments when they are evacuated, are co∣vered with it; if any error in Diet of the Nurse or Mother be the cause, it may be known by them. If a hot and dry Intemperies of some neighbouring part be the cause, it will be manifested by the signs of them; if Choler, which irritates the Guts to excretion, does not flow to them, the Excrecrements will not be tinctured, but be white, or of an Ash∣colour, and the colour of the Childs bo∣dy will be yellow.

Those grown People, whose Bellies are bound, are sometimes very healthy,

Nature being accustomed to evacuate the liquid parts of the Excrements, or to discuss them insensibly: but it seldom happens that Children, whose Bellies are bound, are very healthy; and it is best for Young People to have their Bellies open; for when they are bound, Va∣pours from the Excrements are cast up∣on the whole Body, and gripes, pains of the Head, and other ill Symptoms are occasioned.

The cure of Costiveness in Children is to be performed two ways; first by removing the Cause, and then by loos∣ning the Belly. First we must endeavour that the cause of Costiveness be remo∣ved, and if the temper of the Bowels be cold and dry, Children must be fre∣quently washed, and when the Intempe∣ries is cold, you must use a Bath of hot Stomach-Herbs; when it is dry, you must use things that moisten, as Mal∣lows, Marsh-mallows, Pellitory of the Wall, and Bears-breech.

If the Mother or Nurse have used meats, which bind the Belly, as Quinces, Medlars, Pears, Beans, or the like, they must for the future, abstain from all such things, and instead of them, they must use such things as molli••ie the Belly,

as Mallows, Raisins, Pruns, and the like.

If the Infant be pretty big, and eats as well as sucks, it must abstain from all astringent things, and use such things as loosen. If viscid Flegm stick to the Guts, and the Excrements are covered with it, things that incide and cleanse, must be used, as Honey of Roses solu∣tive, or Syrup of Horehound, or the like: If any neighbouring part be hot and dry, the Intemperies of it must be cor∣rected with the Syrups of Violets, or Succory, or with a decoction of Barly, or with an emulsion of the four greater cold Seeds, and the like. If the Choler does not pass from the Gall-Bladder to the Guts, the obstructed passages must be opened with a decoction of the roots of Grass, of Fennel, Asparagus, Maiden∣hair and the like.

But we must not always wait till the Causes are taken away; for the Belly must be seasonably loosned to prevent ill symptoms, which may be done by external and internal Medicines. A∣mongst Externals are Suppositories, which may be made of Honey and Salt, or with crude Honey put into a Rag, or

with Lard, Soap, or the root of Mal∣lows besmeared with Butter. Or,

Take Mouse-dung, half a dram, with Goats-suet, make a Suppository.

But Nature must not be accustomed to the too frequent use of Suppositories▪ for if so, she will not ease the Belly, un∣less she be provoked by them: it is there∣fore better to use Glisters, and other external things, which may also remove the cause of the Disease, and correct the dryness of the Guts, or carry off the viscid Flegm, according as their is occa∣sion. As.

Take of common Oyl three or four ounces, of brown Sugar two or three drams, the Yolk of one Egg, of Salt three grains, make a Glister. Or,

Take of the Roots of Marsh-mallows, half an ounce; of Mallows and Pellitory of the Wall, each half an handful; of the Flowers of Camomile, one pugil; of the Seeds of Flax and Fenugreek, each one dram, boil them in Water. In three, five, or six ounces of the strained liquor, according to the age of the Child, dissolve two or three drams, or half an ounce of Cassia, of common Oyl one ounce, or one ounce and an half with the Yolk of one Egg;

••ake a Glister. Such things may be ap∣••lied to the Navel, as loosen the Belly, •• Oyl of Sweet▪ Almonds alone, or with grain or two of Scammony, or Colo∣uintida, or Butter, or Hen-fat, with ulls gall, or with the Juice of Sow∣read. Or,

Take of Aloes, two drams; of the Gall of Bull, one dram; of Scammony, one ••ruple, with a sufficient quantity of Butter, ••ake an Oyntment; fill a Walnut▪shell with ••, and apply it to the Childs Navel.

And the whole Belly may be anointed with an emollient Oyntment. As,

Take of fresh Butter, and of Hens and ••ucks Grease, each half an ounce; of Oyls ••f Sweet-Almonds and of Flax, each three ••rams; of Calves Marrow, of Oyntment ••f Marsh-Mallows, each two drams, with •• little Wax, make an Oyntment. Or,

Take of the Leaves of Mallows and Marsh-mallows, each one handful; of the ••eeds of Flax and Fenugreek, each half an ••unce; of Figs, number six; boil them in Water, and pulp them through a Sive, and add of Butter and of Hens-fat, ••ach one ounce; of Oyntment of Marsh-mallows half an ounce; of Saffron one Scruple; mix them, make a Cataplasm, to be applied to the Belly. If you would

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have it loosen more forcibly, you must add Aloes, and other Purgers; or you you may make a Cataplasm of fine Flower, and Juice of Dwarf-Elder. But you must take notice, that these Cataplasms, and other Purging medi∣cines applied to the Belly, must not touch the stomach.

To the Children that are pretty big, you must give a scruple, or half a dram of Cyprean Turpentine; or a decoction of red Cabbage with Honey; or Syrup of Violets, Roses solitive, or loosning Raisins, or Cassia from two drams to six, or Manna, which may conveniently be dissolved in milk. Or,

Take of the Pulp of fat Figs, and of Raisins stoned, each two drams; of Jujubes number seven; of Cassia, half an ounce; of the solutive Electuary of Sebestins and Pruns, each two Drams, with the Syrup of preserved Myrabolans called Chebuls, make an Electuary. The Dose is one Dram.

Young Children make take suggared milk, or they may lick Honey, and such purging medicines as are agreeable to the age, and constitution of the Child, may be given to the Nurse.

Chap. XXVI. Of Worms.

WOrms are chiefly bred in the bowels of Children, and some have them in the Womb after they are born, they are generated by eating too much, and by the confusion of the milk with other meats, and by reason of their hot and moist constitution, which is very apt to produce Worms; and the sweet things which Children eat, and are delighted with, are apt to generate Worms; but they are chiefly generated by Fruit, which Children eat greedily.

There are three sorts of Worms, round and long, like Earth-worms; broad and knotted, and the small which are called Ascarides. The first sort are most frequent to Children.

If Worms are ejected by stool or vo∣mit, there is no need of other signs: but because they often lie hid a long while, before they are evacuated, and because Children do not understand, or cannot discover what they all, there is need of signs to find out Worms. And first in general, when Worms lie hid in the Bowels, the mouth is full of

Spittle, which often runs out, and a peculiar stink exhales from the Mouth; they have terrible Dreams, as may be known by various motions in Sleep, they grind their Teeth after an unusual man∣ner in Sleep, their Sleep is disturbed, they put forth their Tongues, scratch their Noses often, and seem to Chew, they have a dry Cough, sometimes they are troubled with Nauseousness, Vomi∣ting, and Hickops, sometimes they have too great an Appetite, and sometimes none at all; and they are most common∣ly Thirsty, the Belly is swelled; some∣times they are bound in their Bodies, but most commonly they are loose, their U∣rine is most commonly thick and white, they are grip'd, especially when the Bel∣ly is empty, and when the Worms want to be fed: The Body is thin, by reason of the defect of Nourishment, which the Worms consume. The Children are of∣ten troubled with cold Sweats, and some∣time they have Flushing in their Faces, and presently again they are Pale. Some∣times they are seized with Convulsions, and often with ill Fevers: But these Signs belong chiefly to long and round Worms; for broad Worms, and the lit∣tle ones called Ascarides have other signs;

for those which have broad Worms have too great an Appetite, and unless they are supplied, they perceive a gnaw∣ing and pain in their Bellies, and some∣times they faint away, if they are not presently fed; but otherwise, the Gripes are very gentle; for the broad Worm is slow, and sticks to the Bowels, and so does not easily move from place to place. The Body is much extenuated and weak, and sometime also, some of the Signs above-mentioned are present: But the following is the most certain Sign, viz. if with the Excrements, some Corpuscles like the seeds of gourds are e∣jected. When there are Worms called Ascarides, there is a violent Itching in the Fundament, and a continual endea∣vour to go to Stool; for, sticking in the right Gut, they continually provoke it.

Children have Worms often a long time without any great Detriment; but oftentimes grievous Symptoms come up∣on them, such as we mentioned above. The Ascarides are the least hurtful; for they are small, and stick in the right Gut, a place far distant from the noble Parts, and they are easily cast out; yet some∣times they occasion Ulcers in the right Gut. The broad Worms are very dif∣ficultly

cured, and often grow old with the Man, yet they do not occasion gire∣vous Symptoms, nor Death. The long and round Worms are the most hurtful for they induce sometimes various Symp∣toms, and it has been found, that they have eaten thro' the Guts, and Belly too. Those that are thin and extenuated, are not so bad as those that are thick and great, and full of Blood; for if they are thin, it is a sign that the matter wherewith they are nourished is not ve∣ry copious; on the contrary, it is an Ar∣gument, when they are big, there are many excrementious humours in the Bo∣dy: White Worms are better than Yel∣low, Livid, Red, or Blackish. Those that are of a plain Figure are better than those that are of a Serpentine, or other prodigious Figure: It is better that they should be evacuted by Stool, than up∣wards; and worst of all when they eat their way out. Worms are dangerous when they are accompanied with a Fea∣ver; if Convulsions, and a grinding of the Teeth come upon Worms, it is dange∣rous. If dead Worms cannot be expel∣led by the force of Remedies, or by the defect of Aliment, it is dangerous.

It is better to prevent the Generation

of Worms in Infants, than to kill and expel them, when they are Generated. The Generation of Worms is to be pre∣vented by Diet and Medicines; the Diet ought to be such, as no way conduces to the Generation of them, namely, Meats of good Juice, sprinkled sometimes with the Juice of Pomgranats, Oranges, or Citrons; sweet, fat, and viscid things are to be avoided, especially the frequent use of Milk or Fish; also Summer Fruits, and Figs, Wine and clear Beer, is good against the Worms, it is good also to put into the Beer shavings of Harts∣horn.

As to medicines, we must endeavour that the matter which generates Worms, be either evacuated, or rendered unfit to generate them; and therefore the Belly must be kept open, that the matter may be gently Evacuated. Some per∣seribe for Children Aloes, Hiera Pi••ra, and Rhubarb in the form of Pills, or in a Bolus, but how they make them take it, I know not; for the Children▪ now a days, will not take any such thihg, un∣less they are well grown. A decoction of Sebestins is more palatable, or Table••s of Diaturbith, with Rhubarb, or some syrup made of Plants that kill Worms,

with the Leaves of Senna, Agarick, and a little Rhubarb. Amongst Medicines, which resist the generation of Worms, bitter things are most proper, as Worm∣wood, Scordium, and the like: But be∣cause Children will not easily take them, those things that are more pleasant, may be sometimes given, as a Decoction of the Roots of Grass, and of Mouse ear, the juice of Lemons, and Citron, and sometimes a drop or two, of Spirit of Vitriol, may be given in a convenient Liquor.

But if it plainly appears, that Worms are generated, we must endeavour to ex∣pel them.

Amongst the Medicines, which may be conveniently given to Children, the following are the chief, Coralline, Worm∣seed, the Roots of white Dillany, Harts∣horn, the Water and Decoction of Grass Roots, and Mercurius dulcis: As,

Take of Worm-seed, two Drams, of Cor∣alline and Hartshorn prepared, each one Dram, of the Roots of Peony, white Dit∣tany, and Magistery of Coral, each one Scruple, make a Powder: Or,

Take of Worm-seed, Coralline, each one Dram and an half, of the Roots of white Dittany, and Tormentil, each half a Dram,

make a Powder, or give the essence of Peach Flower, or half an Ounce, or an Ounce of the Water, or Decoction of Fern, or half a Scruple, or half a Dram of the Powder of Fern.

But you must consider, whether a Fe∣ver accompany the Worms; for if there be a Fever, you must use cooling things, and add to them such things as resist Malignity, as the juices of Lemons, Pom∣granats, Oranges, Vinegar, Hartshorn, Bezoar, and Confection of Hyacin••h; or the following Potion may be gi∣ven:

Take of the Water of Grass, four Ounces, of Syrup of Sorrel, and Citron, each one Ounce, of Syrup of Violets, half an Ounce, of Spirit of Vitriol, two or three Drops, mingle them, give a Spoonful or two at a time.

Moreover you must observe, that Me∣dicines to kill the Worms, especially bitter things, must be taken in by the Mouth, and that sweet things must be injected after the manner of a Glyster; for the Worms, hating bitter Medicines, will go downwards, aud will be allured thither, by the sweet things, and so will be the easier ejected; and therefore, when Medicines are given to kill the

Worms, a Glister of Milk must be in∣jected: Or,

Take of Raisins, number Ten, of Figs, number Seven, Boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Water, in four, or six Ounces of the strained Liquor, disolve an Ounce, or an Ounce and an half of Sugar, and so make a Glister.

It is to be noted also, that you must not always keep to one Medicine, for the Worms will be accustomed to it, and so will not be driven away.

Apply outwardly to the Belly, espe∣cially about the Navel, Medicines that are Proper to kill Worms, as the Leaves of Peach Tree, Wormwood, and Lupins, of each a like quantity; or, apply to the Belly Cummin mixed with Bulls Gall, or a Cataplasm made of Wormwood, St. John's Wort, Bulls Gall: Or,

Take of the Powder of Wormwood, Ni∣gella, the lesser Centaury, Wormseed, the Meal of Lupins, each half an Ounce, of Oyl of Wormwood a sufficient quantity, of Wax half an Ounce, mingle them over the Fire, make an Oyntment, wherewith anoint the Belly: Or,

Take of the Powder of the Seeds of Ni∣gella, and of Wormwood, each two Drams, of the Meal of Lupins two Ounces, of the

juice of Rue one ounce and an half, of the juice of Wormwood four ounces, or if you cannot get the juices, make the Cataplasm with Oyl of Rue and Wormwood; apply is to the Navel in a Rag, as large as the Palm of the Ha••d: Or.

Take of Venice Treacle, half an ounce, dissolve it in the juice of Wormwood, and anoint the Belly therewith; or, take of the Meal of Lupins four ounces, of the Powder of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Myrrh, Tansie, Wormseed, each two drams, of Scordium Vinegar two ounces, of Bulls Gall half an ounce, with a suf∣ficient quantity of the Juice, or Oyl of Worm∣wood, make a Cataplasm: Or, the following Bath may be prepared:

Take of the Leaves of the Peach Tree, and Wormwood, each a sufficient quantity, Boyl them in Water, and let the Child sit up to the Navel in it.

But if there be a Fever, more tempe∣rate things must be used: As,

Take of the Juices of Purslain, and of Peach Leaves, each three Ounces, of Vine∣gar one ounce; of the Meal of Lupins, a sufficient quantity, make a Cataplasm.

Chap. XXVI. Of Ruptures.

CHildren are afflicted with Ruptures, by the fall of the small Guts into the Scrotum, the Peritoneum being re∣laxed, or broken by violent crying, a cough, and much straining in going to Stool: But grown Children are some∣times bursten by violent motions of the Body, and indeed the Peritoneum in Chil∣dren is tender, so that it may be easily relaxed, or broken.

There is another Tumor, which often happens in the God of Children new Born, which is commonly reckoned amongst Ruptures, and yet the Peritoneum is sound; it proceeds from watery Humours aboun∣ding in the Belly. A Rupture, or Tu∣mour of the Scrotum appears to sight: But we must carefully mind, whether the Swelling be occasioned by the falling of the Gut into the Scrotum, or from a watery Humour that flowes thither; in a Rupture the Swelling is most com∣monly in one side of the Scrotum; for the Peritoneum is seldom broke in both sides, and you may percieve that by touching with your Finger, and the hole,

through which the Gut falls may be felt with the Finger: But the watery swel∣ling of the Cod is most commonly on both sides, and the Scrotum is more in∣flamed than when there is a Rupture, and no Hole can be perceived in the Peri∣toneum, and no cause, that might pro∣duce a Rupture, went before, and there are signs of Crudity present.

A Rupture in Children is easier Cured than in grown persons, for the Perito∣neum in them is soft and easily unites.

Some say, that all watery Swellings in the Scrotum, are harder cured than a Rupture, but this is false in Children; for experience Testifies, that this wate∣ry Swelling is easily Cured by Discutients, nay, it often goes away of it self, in pro∣gress of time, the Humours being dried up.

In the Cure of a Rupture, we must endeavour to keep the Childrens Bodies open, that they do not fill their Bellies too much, nor cry much, and if they are some what grown, they must abstain from all violent Motion.

You must lay them on their Backs, and gently put up the Gut, and apply a pro∣per Plaister, or Cataplasm, and bind it on with a Truss.

Take of Plaintain, Sanicle, each half an ounce▪ of the Meal of Lentils, and Lupins, and red Roses, each two drams, of Fran∣kincense one dram, Alum half a dram, make a Powder, and with a sufficient quan∣tity of it, beaten up with the white of an Egg, make a Cataplasm to be applied to the part ••ffected: Or,

Take of Frankincense, Cypress, Nuts, Aloes, and Acacia, each two drams, Myrrh one dram, make a Powder, mix it with Ise∣ing-glass, and apply it in form of a Plai∣ster: Or,

Take of Cypress-Nuts, two drams of Balaustins, of the Powder of the Root of Comfry, Thorrow-wax, Sanicle, Rupture∣wort, each one dram, Bdellium one dram and an half, Bole-Armentick two Drams, Dra∣gons▪Blood four Scruples, Greek Pitch one ounce, Rosin of the Pine six drams, with Turpentine-wax, and Oyl of Eggs. make a Cerate: Or,

Take the green Leaves of Thorrow-wax, and the fresh Roots of Comfry, beat them them small, and with a third part of new Wax, make a Plaister, and apply it to the part affected: Or,

Take the Roots of Comfry cleansed, beat them, and heat them, and apply them in a Lin∣nen

Rag, and change them every twelve hours.

At the same time, inward Medicines must be used, which may help to Con∣glutinate. As,

Take of Sanicle, Plantam, each half an handful, of Agrimony, half an handful, of the Roots of Comfry, half an ounce, boyl them in a pint of Water, in a double Vessel, strain the Liquor, and sweeten it with Sugar, and let the Child drink often of it hot.

Mouse-ear also is very good, gather∣ed in May, the Powder of it being ta∣ken every day in Broath.

The Powder of the lesser Moon-wort, is also good, taken in red Wine, or in a Decoction of Comfry. Thorrow-wax is also good, taken in a Powder, or in a Decoction, so are Rupture-wort, and the Roots of Comfry.

If the swelling of the Scrotum be occasioned by a watery Humour, a∣noint the Scrotum with the Oyls of Lawrel, Elder, or Rue, and apply a Ca∣taplasm, made of Bean-Meal, of the Seeds of Flax, and Fenu-Greek, of the Powder of the Flowers of Camomile, and Elder, and of the Seeds of Cumin.

Chap. XXVII. Of the sticking out of the Navel.

THe sticking out of the Navel is near a kin to a Rupture; it happens when the Navel is not rightly bound, or when the Peritoneum is relaxed, and Humours, and Wind are collected there.

If the Midwife has not rightly cut the Navel, but left it longer than it ought to be it is incurable, but it is rather trou∣blesome than dangerous; but if the Na∣vel, being consolidated after the Birth, is afterwards two much extended or Bur∣sten, or Ulcerated, it is often incurable, if it be neglected at first, and if it be not cured in Infancy, it may in the adult age occasion a deadly Iliack passion, if the Guts that lie upon it are inflamed.

If the Peritoneum be only relaxed, things that bind and strengthen must be used▪ if it be Bursten, you must use things that unite, and consolidate; and if the Causes which extend, relax, or break the Peritoneum are present, they must

be removed. You must therefore endea∣vour to keep the Child from crying, and as quiet as possible, and to hush it to sleep as often as you can; if there be a Cough, you must endeavour to stop it, and all violent motion must be avoided. Baths are not convenient, for they relax the Navel, the Child and Nurse must abstain from windy Meats: the Belly must be kept open; for straining in going to stool is injurious.

If the Peritoneum be too much dilated, and wind extends the Navel, make a Cataplasm in red Wine, with equal parts of the Powder of the Seeds of Cumin, Lawrel-ber••ies, and the meal of Lupins, and apply it to the Navel; or make a bag of the Seeds of Cumin, and Celtick-Spike boyled in red Wine, and apply it to the Navel: afterwards apply A∣stringents, and a Bolster, and bind it on with a swaith. But if the Peritoneum be Bursten, you must first reduce the Guts, and afterwards use those Medicines which are proposed in the foregoing Chapter, and you must apply a Bolster to the Navel, and bind it on strait with a swaith, to prevent the falling out of the Guts again.

Take of Cypress-nuts, Frankincense, Myrrb, Mastich, Sarc••cole, Alom, and Ising-glass, each one dram, with the whites of Eggs make a Cataplasm; or you may ap∣ply to the Navel Mint beaten with the white of an Egg, and you may give the Child such Medicines as are proper for Ruptures, as one scruple of Comfry root. Or,

Take of the root of Comfry, red Coral, Mastich, Shephords-purse, each one dram, make a Powder.

If the Navel be Ulcerated, the cure must be ordered, as shall be said in the following Chapter▪ and to the Navel must be applied Oyl of Roses, wherein Ceruss washed has been rubbed, or the Plaister called Gryseum.

Chap. XXVIII. Of an Inflamation of the Navel.

THe Navel is sometimes inflamed in Infants, chiefly after the Abscissi∣on, for by reason of the Pain, especial∣ly when the Ligature is not rightly made; and by reason of an injury from the ex∣ternal air, the Blood flows to it, and oc∣casions an inflamation; it may be known by the swelling, hardness, redness, heat, and pulsation.

If care be taken of this inflamation at first, it is easily cured, otherwise a Fever usually happens, which endangers the Child. If it turn to an Abscess it of∣ten kills.

As to the cure, as in other inflamati∣ons, so here, The pain must be mitiga∣ted, and the Fluxion stopped, and that which flowed in must be discussed; apply the following Cataplasm to ease the pain.

Take of Mallows boyled and bruised one unce, of Barly-meal, half an ounce, of Lu∣pins,

and Fenugreek, each two drams, with a sufficient quantity of Oyl of Roses, make Cataplasm: Or,

Take of Coltick Spike, half an ounce, of Turpentine three ounces; with Oyl of sweet Almonds, make an Ointment.

To repel the Blood, use the follow∣ing:

Take of the Powder of Frankincense one dram, of Acacia and Fleabane, each half a dram, with the white of an Egg, make a Cataplasm, to be applied to the Navel. Suppuration must be hindred as much as is possible; but if it will come to Suppu∣ration, use the following.

Take of Turpentine half an ounce, the yolk of one Egg, Oyle of Roses two ounces, mingle them.

Chap. XXIX. Of the falling of the Fundament.

THe falling of the Fundament▪some∣times happens to Children, ei∣ther by reason of the looseness of the Muscle which shuts it, or by the too great moisture, and softness of it, which frequently follow upon a looseness; or it sometimes happens by the too great endeavours in going to Stool, or in a Tenesmus.

It is easily known, but whether it proceeds from too great moisture, and from humours following to the Belly, or from too great endeavours in going to Stool, may be easily known, by the By-standers. If it proceed from too great endeavours in going to Stool, it is easily cured, if it be taken in time; for the longer it is out of its place, the more it is altered, and the more diffi∣cultly put up: but if it proceed from too great moisture, it is difficultly cured, especially if a looseness accompany it;

for it can scarce be perfectly cured, till the Flux be stopped: besides Medicines that are necessary are not easily retained, and the vertue of them is apt to be spoil∣ed by the Excrements.

The whole cure consists in putting up the Fundament, and retaining it in its place; it ought therefore to be presently put up; but if it be so swell'd that it cannot easily be put up, it must first be fomented with a decoction of Mallows and Marsh-mallows, and anointed with the Oyl of white Lillies; or the Infant must sit in a bath made of the same Herbs; and afterwards the Fundament must be retained in its place by astringent Medi∣cines.

Take of red Roses, Balaustines, Cypress∣nuts, Pomgranate-pe••l, each half an ounce, of Sumach, Frankincense, and Mastich, each two drams; boyl them in rough Win••, and foment the Anus with a spunge dipt in it.

After the Fomentation, use the follow∣ing Powder:

Take of red Roses, and Balaustines, each half a dram, of Frankincense, Mastich, and Myrrh, each one scruple, make a Powder, put it in Cotton, and apply it to the Funda∣ment; or you may make a fume of the Powder.

But because it cannot well be received by the Child, fume rags dipt in Alom∣water, and apply them to the Anus; and le••t it should fall down again, the Child must keep its Legs together: and if they are very young, their Legs must be bound with a swaith.

Chap. XXX. Of the Stone in the Bladder.

THe Stone is frequently generated in Childrens Bladders, and very sel∣dom in their Reins: whereas, on the con∣trary, old Men are generally afflicted with the Stone in the Kidneys.

The Stone in the Bladder in Children is chiefly generated by Milk, and if it be impure, not only Stones but also other Diseases are generated; but all impure Milk does not breed the Stone, but only that which is made of gross and viscid Meats, and of such as are apt to breed the Stone, especially if the Child suck greedi∣ly, and burthen the Stomach with those things that generate crudities: But be∣cause

we see many Children fed with Milk, and with Pap, and yet are not troubled with the Stone, other Causes must be added, namely first, some weak∣ness of the Liver and Stomach, upon which account, the Meat is not well con∣cocted, and that which is unprofitable is not seperated, but much of the earthy, and Stone making Juice remains in the Chyle, and moreover the hot intempe∣ries of the Reins is a cause.

As soon as there is any rudiment of a Stone, new Matter gathers about it daily, and grows to it; but Boys are more sub∣ject to the Stone, than Girls, because the urinary passages in Women is shorter, and more open than in Men; and there∣fore the Matter which is apt to pro∣duce the Stone is easier ejected in Wo∣men.

You may know the Stone in Children by the following Signs; they make water with pain, and oft render it drop by drop, yea, often the Urine is quite suppressed, and that Urine which is evacuated is sometimes clear as water, sometimes as white as Milk, or like Whey, and some∣times some Blood is evacuated with the Urine, and Sand appears with the Urine; Moreover Infants perceive an itching in

the virile Member, and therefore they frequently scra••ch it, and at length there is sometimes an erection.

The Stone in the Bladder is a very desperate ••is••••s••; for tho' it does not presently kill, ••e•• if it be not presently cured, it incre••ses daily, and afterwards it cannot be reme ie•• any other way, than by cutting o extraction of the Stone, which is very dangerous; for if the Stone be large, Children many times dye as well as grown People.

If from the difficulty of Urine, and other signs it appear, that the Child is disposed to the Stone, we must endea∣vour all we can to prevent the breeding of it; and therefore the Stomach must not be filled with too much Meat, and the Nurse and Infant must abstain from all Meats, that are gross and viscid, and apt to generate the Stone, and the Belly must be always kept loose, and the breeding of the Stone must be preven∣ted by external and internal Medicines; and therefore a Bath must be prepared forthe Infant, made of Mallows, Marsh∣mallows, Pellitory of the Wall, Parsly, Dill, and of the s••eds of Flax and Fenu∣greek. After the Bath, the parts about the Bladder must be anointed with Oint∣ment

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of Marsh-mallows, and Oyls of white Lillies and Scorpions, and a Cata∣plasm must be afterwards applied, made of green Pellitory of the Wall boyled in the Oyl of white Lillies, and Camomile, and give the Child a scruple or two of the Powder of Crabs-eves, or of white Am∣er, or of Goats-blood prepared in Parsly∣water: and it may be useful sometimes to give half a dram of Cyprean Turpentine.

Chap. XXXI. Of the difficulty, and retention of the Ʋrine.

SOmetimes Children render their U∣rine with difficulty and pain, and often by drops, and sometimes it is quite stopt. In Children there are two causes of this, namely that gross hu∣mour whereof the Stone is generated▪ which also occasions a Stranguary and disury, and then the Stone which occasi∣ons a suppression of Urine: the causes which generate this gross humour, are gross and viscid Milk, Pap made o•• Flower and Milk, and Cheese.

The retention of the Urine plainly ap∣pears, if there be a difficulty of Urine, it may be known by being rendred by drops, and by the crying of the Child, and the Urine is gross and turbid: if there be a Stone, that may be found by the Catheter, and thereby it may be re∣moved from the Orifice of the Bladder, to make a passage for the Urine.

This is a very dangerous Disease; for if it proceed from gross Matter, it will turn to the Stone, if it be not timely re∣moved If the Suppression of Urine pro∣ceed from the Stone, it is as dangerous as the Stone it self, and suppression of the Urine it self, is dangerous, especially in Children, because no natural evacuati∣on in them can be suppressed without danger.

The cure therefore must be begun early, and it is in a manner the same with that which was proposed in the foregoing Chapter of the Stone, namely the causes of the difficulty, or suppres∣sion of the Urine must be removed; therefore care must be taken in the first place, that the Nurse and Child use such Meats, which do not conduce to the pro∣duction of the humour that generates the Stone, and then Medicines must be given

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that purge these humours, as Honey of Roses solutive, Cassia and Turpentine: afterwards Baths, Fomentations, and Unctions made of those things, which are proposed in the foregoing Chapter; and let such Medicines be taken inward∣ly as are mentioned there; for those which can expel the Stone can carry off the humour that generates it; and the water of Sea-grass, Rest-harrow, Fili∣pendula, and a decoction of Vetches are useful.

If the Stone obstruct the Orifice of the Bladder, it must be removed thence by laying the Child upon its Back, and shaking its Legs, or by the Catheter.

Chap. XXXII. Of Incontinence of Ʋrine.

CHildren when they are very Young, and when they lye in the Cradle, and know not what is filthy or neat, make Water in their Cloaths, and so by custom, they sometimes do so, when they are grown up in sleep, and some also when they are awake; for the Muscle that shuts the Orisice of the Bladder is accustomed to let the Urine go, when it is irritated by the quantity of it. But sometimes there is also a weakness of the Muscle, proceeding from a Cold, and moist In∣temperies of it, contracted from abun∣dance of gross and cold Humours, which are in the tender Age; or it may pro∣ceed from an Obstruction, and Compres∣sion of the Nerve of the Sphincter, and sometimes a Stone hinders the shutting of the Bladder.

This Disease is not easily known in Infants; for then it is reckoned to pro∣ceed from their tender Age, and when

they are a little grown, it may proceed from custom: But if it be from the Stone, it may be found by the Signs of the Stone.

If the occasion be custom, it most com∣monly goes off, in time of its own ac∣cord; for they being ashamed of it, re∣strain it: But if the custom grow to a habit, or if some Disease be joined with it, it seldom leaves them as long as they live. If it proceed from the Stone, it cannot be cu••ed, till the Stone is taken away.

If it proceed from an ill custom, Chil∣dren must be admonished to make Wa∣ter often. If it proceed from a cold and moist Intemperies, such things must be used as alter it, and the Flegmatic Hu∣mour must dried and carried off, and the Nurses Diet must be hot and dry, and she must eat with her Meat, Sage, Hyssop, Marjoram, Fennel, and Savory, The Child must not drink much, and care must be taken, that its Belly be kept open, and the Region of the Bladder must be anointed with Oyl of Orris, and the like, or a Bath must be prepared of Sulphur, Nitre, and Oak-Leaves, unless some Natural, Sulphurous, or Alom bath can be had; and let the following Pow∣der be given.

Take of an Hog, or Boar's Bladder dried, the Testicles of a Hare dried, the Throat of a Cock dried, each half an ounce, of Ac∣corns, two Scruples, of the Leaves of Cat∣mint, and M••••e, each one Scruple; make a Powder, give a Scruple, or half a dram, in the Water of Oak-Leaves.

Chap. XXXIII. Of the Galling of Children.

IT frequently happens, that the Skin of the Hips, and the parts there a∣bout, in Children, is fretted off, which occasions pain, and makes them restless. It is caused by the Accimony of the U∣rine, when the Linnen is not often chang∣ed; for if they are kept clean, and the Linnen often changed, this seldom hap∣pens: But those Children that have an Acridurine, and are fat, are most Ob∣noxious to it.

It is easily Cured, but if it be let a∣lone, it occasions Ulcers in those parts; therefore the Children must be often wa hed, and cleansed with a Bath made

of Mallows, marsh Mallows, Pellitory, Roses, and Bran, and after the Bath, the parts may be sprinkled, or touched with a Rag, filled with white Pompholix; or a fine Powder may be made, with Ly∣tharge of Silver, Roses, Frankincense, and Burnt-Alom, or the part may be a∣nointed with the Oyntment called Dra∣pompholigos.

Chah. XXXIV. Of the Rickets.

THis Disease began about sixty Years ago, in the West of England, it seizes Children when they are about half an Year old. The proportion of the parts is Irregular. The Head is bigger than ordinary, so is the Face; the Wit is sharper than is usual in such an Age, the Members are thin and wasted; the Skin is loose; the Bones are most com∣monly bowed, and the Joynts knotted. The Breast is narrow and sharp; the Ribs are knotted, and the Belly is big. These things are observed outwardly.

As to the inward parts, the Liver is larger than usual, the Stomach and Bow∣els are larger, than in those that are well; the Mesentery is affected with Glan∣duls, that are larger than ordinary, the Lungs are stuff'd and swell'd, and some∣times Purulent, and often stick to the Pleura. The Jugular Veins, and the Ca∣rotide Arteries are sometimes larger then they should be. All the parts are weak, and unfit for motion; and such Children will Play only sitting, and do not care to stand: And at length, the Head can∣not be sustained by the weak Neck.

Tho' this Disease is not commonly deadly, yet the Symptoms growing to a height, it sometimes degenerates into a Con sumption, hectic Fever, Dropsy of the Lungs, or an Ascites, and so at length is deadly.

The sooner it comes, the worse it is, if it be not Cured before Children are five Years old, they are ever after very Sickly. An Itch coming upon this Disease, much conduces to the Cure.

As to the Cure, we must begin with Purging; because most commonly, there is abundance of Flegmatick Humours heap'd up in the Belly, and the Bowels are frequently afflicted with Scrophulous Tumours.

If the Belly be bound, or the Bowels troubled with Wind, or Gripes, Glisters must be used frequently, which must not be only Solutive, but sometimes Alterative, and Corroborative, for in∣stance.

Take of the Leaves of Mallows, one hand∣ful, of the Flowers of Melilot, Camomile, and Elder, each one Pugil, of the Seeds of Anise, and Fennel bruised, each half a dram, boyl them in a sufficient quantity of new Goats-Milk; to four, five, or six ounces of the strained Liquor, add of brown Sugar, and Syrup of Violets and Roses, each one ounce, make a Glister, inject it warm a good while after Eating.

Corroborative Glisters may be make in the following manner.

Take of fresh Stone, Hors••dung, one ounce and an half, of the Flowers of Rosemary, and Sage, each one Pugil, of Juniper-berries, two drams, of the Seeds of Anise, and Fen∣nel, each half a dram, infuse them close and warm in a sufficient quantity of Whey. In four ounces of the strained Liquor, dissolve one ounce of brown Sugar, and six drams of fresh Butter; mingle them, make a Glister. There may be also added, if it seem conve∣nient, six drams of Manna.

If the Stomach be burthened with viti∣ous Humours, and they tend upwards, Vomits may be given: But in the Pre∣scription of them, respect must be had to the tender Age, and they should ra∣ther consist of Salt of Vitriol, and the Wine of Squills, than of stybeat Medi∣cines; for it is not safe to give these to Infants, for fear of Convulsions.

Give of Wine or Oxy••el of Squills, half an ounce, or an ounce; half an hour after, give a large quantity of Posset drink, and pro∣voke Vomitting with the Finger, and let it be repeated now and then.

Some days after Vomitting, or if Vo∣mittnig be not to be used, gentle Purging must be instituted, and repeated by inter∣vals. As,

Take of the Augustan Syrup, or of Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb, six drams, or an ounce, of Cream of Tartar, ten or fifteen grains, mingle them, let them be taken ear∣ly in the morning, either by themselves, or in a draught of Posset drink.

If the Sick be affected with Worms, or the King's-Evil, the following Bolus may be given by intervals.

Take of Mercurius Dulcis, from six to ten grains, Rosin of Jallup or Scammony, two or four grains, of the Chymical Oyl of

Juniper, one drop, make a Powder, which may be made into a Bolus with the Pap of a roasted Apple; let it be taken early in the morning.

After gentle Purging, if the Sick be of a Sanguine constitution, Blood-letting is of use. Issues are also very effectual in this Disease, especially an Issue made betwixt the first and second Verte∣bra of the Neck. Besides Purging and Chyrurgical Remedies, Specific altering Medicines are to be used; to which some∣times Diureticks, and Diaphoreticks are to be added. The Specific Remedies, that are found most effectual to cure this Disease, are either simple or compound. Among Simples the following are most approved; Wood of Gujacum, and its Bark, Sassafras, Lentisk-wood, Rose∣mary, the knotty part of Firr, the Roots of China, and Sarsaparilla, the three Sanders, the Roots of Osmund Royal, or rather the Cloves of the Roots, the Roots of Sea-fern, or rather the Buds of them. Grass roots, the Roots of Asparagus, Eringo, Succory, Burdock, the Barks of the Roots of Capers, the Capillary Herbs, and chiefly Trichomanes, Cete∣rach, Wall-rue, Harts-tongue, Liver∣wort, Male-speedwell, Agrimony, Brook∣lime,

Watercresses, the Leaves and Flowers of Sage; Rosemary, Bettony, dead Net••le, and of Tamarisk. Also Steel prepared, or its Salt, or Vitriol, Tartar, Castor, Flowers of Sulphur, Earth Worms, Millepedes prepared, and the like, whereof Compositions may be made in the following manner:

Take of the Cloves of the Roots of Osmund-Royal, or the Roots of Sea-fern, or the Twigs of the Roots of it, scarcely sprung above ground, one handful, boil them in a pint of Milk, or Spring-water, to the consumption of a third part, let the strained Liquor with Su∣gar be drank twice or thrice a day.

Take of the Leaves of Tea, one dram, of the Flowers of Sage and Bettony, each half a dram, put them in a convenient Vessel, and pour on them a pint of boiling water, let them stand close and warm about an hour; sweeten the strained Liquor with Sugar, and let it be drank in the same manner as the former.

Take of Lentisk-wood, Rosemary, of the Ro••ts of Sarsaparilla, flowering Fern, or male-fern, each three ounces, of the Herbs Agrimony, Maiden-hair, Speedwell, Haris-tongue, Sage, Bettony, each two handfuls, of the tops of Fern and Tamarisk, each two handfuls, boil them in so••r Gallons of Ale, till one is consumed; when it has done work∣ing

in the Vissel, put into a bag two hundred Millipedes washed in white Wine, and gently bruised, of Juniper-berries, two ounces, of Nutmegs sliced, number two, hang the bag in the Vessel, and put a piece of Steel in it to make it s••••k. If there be any suspicion of the Scurvy, you may add of Water-cresses and Brooklime, each two handfuls, after a fort∣night, let it be drunk for the ordinary drink.

But the Medicine, which is most appro∣ved in this Disease, is Ens veneris, five or six grains of it may be taken every Night at Bedtime in half a spoonful of Syrup of Gill••flowers.

If the Lungs are stopped with viscid Humours, as happens often, and the Me∣sentery with scrophulous Glands, three or four drops of Balsom of Sulphur mix∣ed with Sugar-candy powdered, may be given Morning and Evening.

Note, Steel must not be given in Coughs, Plurises, a stoppage of the Lungs, nor when there is a Hectic Fever.

The Bath water is very proper, and is excellent to take off the swelling of the Belly; the following artisicial Bath as much commended. Place the Sick in a large Vessel, and put round him warm Barley Fermented, which has been a

while infused in boiled water, as is usual∣ly done for making Beer, cover him well, and let him abide in it to provoke sweat.

Regard must be had to the Symptoms coming upon this Disease, the most fre∣quent whereof is a Looseness: for the cure of which, gentle Purgers, as an infusion of Rhubarb, Tamarinds, and Sanders, or a Bolus made of them is of use, and sometimes astringents and gentle Opiats may be used; but Purging must go before. Sometimes immoderate sweating afflicts the child, which if it follow a Feverish Fit is critical, and ought not to be rash∣ly stopt: but if it flow in ordinately, it is a sign, that the Body is oppressed with ill Humours; therefore this sort of sweat must be corrected by a gentle Purge, especially with Rhubarb. Apperitives also, and such things as help Concocti∣on must not be omitted.

Breeding of the Teeth difficultly is familiar to this Disease, and often occasi∣ons a Fever; in which case, gentle evacu∣ations, especially by Glisters, must be made; and sometimes it is necessary to cut the Gums, to make way for the Teeth, and to apply a Blister behind the Ears; and if there be great pain and watchings,

Hypnoticks must be used, as a dram or two of Diacodium in a spoonful of Cow∣slip water.

External things must be used, as Ex∣ercises of all sorts, and if the Child be able, walking srequently, if not, he must Play sitting, or be carried about in the Nurses Arms, or the like. Frictions are also good in this case, with warm Flan∣nel the Parts to be rubbed are the Spine, which is primarly affected, and the Mus∣cular parts: but you must not rub the Bones where they stick out, the Concave parts of the Bones, you must.

Ligatures are also of use, which are to be made above the Knee, and above the Elbow; but they ought to be soft and loose. Boots are also of use: but you must take care that they press a little up∣on the Protuberant part of the Bone, and scarce touch the Cavity. Bodice are also to be used, to keep the Body up-right. Swinging is also necessary.

A Formentation of all sorts of Wine, and common Aqua Vita is also very good for this purpose to corroberate the ner∣vous Parts, which must be used for the weak Parts, and especially for the Spine: which being done, the Parts must be ••••ointed with Oyl, or some proper

Ointment, which we shall mention by and by; and instead of Wine, the fol∣lowing Decoction may be used.

Take of the Roots of Osmund Royal, or of Male-fern, three ounces, of the Leaves of Bettony, Sage, Rosemary, Marjoram, Wa∣ter-cresses, each one handful, of the Flowers of Cammomile, Melilot, and Elder, each one pugil, of the Berries of Lawrel, and Ju∣niper, each half an ounce; boil them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain water to a quart, add of white Wine, or of common Aqua Vitae, one pint. Keep the strained Li∣quor for use.

Take of the Leaves of Elder, Lawrel, Marjorum, Sage, Rosemary, Bettony, and the tops of Lavender; each two handfuls, of the Berries of Juniper, and Lawrel, each one ounce; cut them and bruise them, and put them into a pot, with three pound of May Butter, or of Fresh Butter, and add to them half a pint of Aqua Vitae, and while the strained Liquor is hot, add half an ounce of Oyl of Nutmegs by expression, and one dram of Peruvian Balsom, mix them, make an Ointment. Instead of May Butter, Beef Marrow, or Deers Suet, and Oyl of Worms, or Oyl of Foxes; each one pound and an half may be used. The Ointment must be applied warm, before a hot Fire, and the Parts

must be rubbed with a warm hand, till they are dry.

If the Belly be hard and swelled, the following Ointment must be ap∣plied.

Take of the Oyls of Capers, Worm-wood, and Elder, each one ounce, of the Ointment above prescribed, one ounce and an half; of Gumm Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar, half an ounce, make a Linement whilst the Ointments are applied to the Hypochondres, the Bowels must be handled by the Nurse.

If the Lungs are affected, the Breast must be anointed with some pectoral Ointment, or with the Ointment of Marshmallows, and at the time of Uncti∣on, a little Oyl of Nntmegs by expres∣sion may be mixed with it.

Chap. XXXV. Of Chilarens Wasting.

THough the wasting of Children may be reserred generally to the Di∣seases of Children, yet I think it necessa∣ry to mention it here; because Chil∣dren

wax extreamly Lean, without any manifest cause, whereas the adult sel∣dom grow Lean, but by reason of a Fever, a Consumption, or some other manifest Disease. Perhaps it may hap∣pen by a fault in the Milk, or for want of Milk; and sometimes Children wast much with one Nurse, but being remo∣ve to another, thrive well. Worms may be also the cause, for they destroy the nourishment; and so sufficient Blood cannot be generated for the nourish∣ment of the Body; and if Blood should be generated, and transmitted thro' the Veins to the whole Body, yet if there are Worms in the Back, Arms, Legs, and almost over the whole Body, and there are so sometimes; the nourish∣ment will be devoured by them. These Worms are very small, and are bred in the Skin, and the Heads of them ap∣pear like black hairs upon Priction in a Bath; they are generated by vitious Matter shut up in the Capillary Veins, turned into Worms, when transpiration is hindred.

If the wasting be occasioned by a fault in the Milk, the Milk must be amended; if Worms in the Bowels are the cause, Medicines prescribed in the Chapter of

Worms must be used. If small Worms in the Back, Arms, and Legs are the cause, the Children must be bathed▪ and Honey must be mixed with the Bath, and the Mus∣culous parts must be rubbed with a Lini∣ment made of crumbs of Bread and Ho∣ney.

FINIS.