A learned treatise of globes, both cœlestiall and terrestriall with their several uses / written first in Latine, by Mr. Robert Hues, and by him so published ; afterward illustrated with notes by Jo. Isa. Pontanus ; and now lastly made English ... by John Chilmead ...

CHAP. I. Of the Use of Globes.

HItherto wee have spoken of the Globe it self, together with it's dimensions, circles, and other instruments necessarily belong∣ing there to. It remaineth now that we come to the practise of it, and declare it's several uses And first of all, it is very necessary for the practise both of Astronomy, Geography, and also the Art of Navigation. For by it there is an easie and ready way layd down, for the finding out both of the place of the Sun, the Longitudes, Latitudes, and Positions of places, the length of daies and houres; as also for the finding of the Longest Latitude, Declination, Ascen∣sion both Right and Oblique, the Amplitude of the rising and setting of the Sunne and Starrs, together with almost an infinite num∣ber of the like things. Of the chiefe of all which wee indeed here briefely to discourse, omitting the enumeration of them all, as be∣ing tedious and not sutable to the brevity we intend Now that all these things may be per∣formed farr more accurately, by the help of

numbers, and the doctrines of Triangles, Plains, and Sphaericall bodies, is a thing very well known to those that are acquainted with the Mathematicks, But this way of proceeding, be∣sides that it is very tedious and prolix, so like∣wise doth it require great practise in the Ma∣thematicks. But the same things may be found out readily and easily, by the help of the Globe, with little or no knowledg of the Mathema∣ticks at all.

PONT. For the better understanding of those things which shall bee spoken hereafter, there are two things especially to be promised: the first whereof is, concerning the position of the Globe, and the other Climates. Now touching the posi∣tion of the Globe, you are, first of all, to take care that it bee pla•…•… perpendicularly to the true Ho∣rizon: 2. That the distinction of the winds an∣swere directly to the winds of the reall Horizon, that so the East on your materiall Globe, may look directly toward the true East of the World. For which purpose especially there is usually placed a Nauticall Compasse in the bottome of the frame. When you have thus placed your Globe, so that it may be turned about any way at pleasure, yet so that the base or foot bee not moved out of its place, the next thing that is to bee enquired after, is the Latitude of the place Wherein you live: which ac∣cording as it is greater, or lesser, you must elevate the Pole of your Globe above the Horizon propor∣tionally. As for example, if the Latitude be 50. 51. or 52. grad. or lesse Northward, then must you elevate the Arctick Pole just so many

degrees above the Horizon. And so likewise if the latitude be Southern, you must do•…•… the like by the Antartick or South Pole. But under the AEquator, where there is no latitude at all, both the Poles must bee placed in the very Horizon, at opposite points.

2. A Climate is a space of the habitable parts of the Earth, comprehended betwixt two circles Parallel to the AEquator, in which space there is halfe an hours difference in the longest day. Now those that inhabit under the AEqua∣tor have a perpetuall AEquinoxe, for the day with them is alwaies twelve hours longer, and the night as much. But as their situation is removed from the AEquinoctiall nearer to either Pole, the further they are from the AEquinoctiall, the grea∣ter is the the inequality of the Artificiall day and night: out of which variation of Artificiall daies, the diversity of Climates also is takon and distiu∣guished. For wheresoever this difference amount∣eth to halfe an houre, there presently beginnes another Climate. Now the ancient Geographers constitutede in every Clime, three Parallels, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 which the two outwardmost, namely the first and the third, do comprehend and terminate every Cli∣mate: and the second divideth it in the midst. So that the proportion betwixt the Clime and the Parallels was Duple; for the Climes, as wee have said, were distant from each other halfe an houres space in the length of the day, but the Parallols were distinguished by quarters of an houre.

Now as concerning the number of Climates,

The Ancients, at first, reckoned but seven, but Pto∣lomy in his Tables of Ascensions, in the 2. lib. May. Construction. acknowledgeth nine: all of which de∣rived their names from some eminent place, either hill or river, situate in the midst of the said Cli∣mate. The first Clime to ward the Arctick Pole, be∣ginning from the AEquator, they called Diameroës, because the midst of this Clime runneth through Me∣roë, which is an Island in Africke encompassed a∣bout with the river Nilus, where the longest day is thirteen hours: in the beginning therefore of this Clime it must be 12½ hours long. On the opposite part of the AEquator the first Southern Climate may in•…•… manner be called, Antidiameroës. But these other Climes were not constituted neither by Prolo∣my, nor any of the ancient Geographers. Yet by the like reason that part of the world also may as well be deseribed into Climate, reserving the same names that the Northern Climes are known by, and onely adding to them the preposition 〈◊〉〈◊〉 which signi∣fies as much as, Opposite, or over against. And the•…•… the Scheme, of them all will be thus,

Northern Climates.	Southern Climates.
1. Diameroës.	1. Antidiameroës.
2. Diasyenes.	2. Antidiasyenes.
3. Dialexandrias.	3. Antidialexandrias.
4. Diarhodu.	4. Antidiarhodu.
5. Diarhomes.	5. Anididiarhomes.
6. Diapontu.	6. Antidiapontu.
7. Diaboristhenes.	7. Antidiaboristhenes.
8. Diabritanias.	8. Antidiabritanias.
9. Diatanaidos.	9. Antidiatanaidos.

Yet some there are that do not approve of this distinction of Climates, among whom is John Gi∣gas. in his lib. 24 System. Geograph. cap. 2. probl. 12. And the reasons they alledg are these. 1. Because of their great in equality, in so much that the latitude of the first is above 570. Eng∣lish miles, whereas the last of all is scarce a mile. 2. Because that the increase of hours is but a weake ground to build upon, and of no great use: seeing it is as easie to enquire out the length of the day, as the number of the Climate. And there∣fore hee thinkes, it were farr better, that every Hemisphaere were equally distinguished by tenn degrees into nine Climates. So that the first Cli∣mate should begin at the AEquinoctiall, and end where the Elevation of the Pole is tenn gr. which might be called the AEthiopian Climate. The second should reach to the 20. gr. and should bee named the Arabian Clime: because that part of Arabia Foelix is situated therein. The third should reach to the 30 gr. and be called the AEgyptian. The fourth the Syrian, ending at the 40. gr. The fifth the Italian, to the 50. gr. The 6. the English, or Germane, extending to the 60. gr. The se∣venth the Suecian, or Lapland Climate, reach∣ing to the 70. gr. The eighth, the Frozen Cli∣mate, ending at the 80. gr. And the Ninth and last, the Polar Climate, reaching to the Pole it selfe.

So likewise the same Method might bee obser∣ved on the othes side of the AEquinoctiall: and then by this meanes each Hemisphaere should have nine Climates: whereof seven would be conveni∣ent

for habitation, and the Parallels might passe through every fifth degree. And the situation of any place might be known by the number of degrees of the Poles elevation. So Rome, because it hath a∣bove 40. gr. of latitude, is in the fourth; Westphalia in the fifth; Sicily in the third; Calecur, the chiefe City in India, in the second; Zeilan in the first; and so of the rest.