A chronicle of the late intestine war in the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland with the intervening affairs of treaties and other occurrences relating thereunto : as also the several usurpations, forreign wars, differences and interests depending upon it, to the happy restitution of our sacred soveraign, K. Charles II : in four parts, viz. the commons war, democracie, protectorate, restitution / by James Heath ... ; to which is added a continuation to this present year 1675 : being a brief account of the most memorable transactions in England, Scotland and Ireland, and forreign parts / by J.P.

A CHRONICLE OF THE CIVIL WARS OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, and IRELAND. THE THIRD PART: BEING The Protectorate. (Book 3)

Anno Dom. 1653.

NOw to the reproach of Fortune, and her glorious Pa∣geant of an English Commonwealth, which she had set up for another Wonder in the world, to brave the Py∣ramids of Stone, Colossus of Brass, as to the defence of Times injury, having subdued all likelihood or appear∣ance of danger from without (all Princes being ready to entertain their Friendship:) See the frailty of this stru∣cture, the undermines, and the cheating deceitful labour of their Architect and prime Workman in the Ground∣work of this Republican Fabrick.

That Foundation was laid upon the Ruines of Monarchy, the seeds whereof being laid in the King's Death, through a four years corruption of time, reared its Head now, though with a forced and precoce blade (a fading verdure that bespoke its unseasonableness and sudden perishment in the Family and Person of this Usurper) and exerted it self afterwards in the Hundredfold Fruits of an yielding and obedient people to their Rightful Soveraign.

It was perceivable now what Chimera's were in the projection of the

Commonwealth, which had so many ambitious and covetous Masters, every one of them managing his designe, and stretching it to the same measure of perpetuity; Sons and Nephews being brought into the Parliament, and the same Relations upon the score of Inherent Merit brought into the Army, and these interessed∣ly opposite and contrary to one another; the Single self (to the reducing of it to Monarchical Regiment in this very Democratick form) being solely inten∣ded; so that it was little labour for Cromwel with his Instrument in his Hand to charm the several divided Factions of that Individuum vagum, there being no other cement or obligation of their holding together, but that glutinous and sticking Guilt of the Kings Blood; and all places of Command and Pro∣fit were already in the Hands of his Friends and Favourites, without any quarrel, or indeed without any perceivance of his Grand designe, which as it had wor∣ried the Kingdom to the destruction of the King, so was it after to weary them with another Parliament, by their barbarous and strange proceedings, and so recommend himself to the People.

He indeed took a very happy juncture for the Execution of it, just as the Scale of the Dutch difference was turned, and Victory was inclining to the English, and when a very potent Fleet was out at Sea, and the Moneys at the rate of 120000 l. per mensem was just coming in, and their Exchequer and o∣ther Receipts pretty full with the several Incomes, Forfeitures, and Revenues: and as to his assurance of it, he wanted not any assistance, the Army onely his, and a third part of the Parliament joyning with him in his Conspiracy; which yet was a rash and hazardous venture. There had been no Law nor Govern∣ment before; now even Prudence and Wisdom forsook the Grandees and Prin∣cipals in the proceeding Rebellion.

For it was then clearly and truly judged, that the setting up of this private, and indeed debaucht Person and Family in opposition to the King (the memo∣ry of whose super-excellent Vertues, Gifts and Graces, and His cruel Martyr∣dom, were yet recent) and His Heirs, would presently ruine the Usurper: for it being like to prove a War betwixt the Crown and Iack Cade, it was rightly concludible, that no longer than his Rebel-rout could be maintained and kept together, could it be expected that Oliver's bloody house could stand.

The prosperous Rebel never boded this, nor did he think it within his conside∣ration: his great aims were upon the Parliament, an impotent and feeble Crue that stood upon his Crutches, and yet threatned to beat him with them; such Masters of Defence they were. This made him forsake his Wiles and Fabian delays, and with his Sword riddle the Oracle of this Delphick Parliament by its dissolution.

Fate never played such a frolick prank, nor was there ever such a Scene of Mirth in all her Mazes and Varieties of Government. Nor often do wicked great men survive the infamy and dishonour of their Actions, and live the in∣famous obloquie and reproach of themselves: but as if God would invert the threatned punishment of the breach of the fifth Commandment, these unex∣ampled parricides were decreed to outlive the desire of Life, and to see all their Greatness buried; their Reputation abroad, and their Dread at home, fallen in∣to such Ignominy and Disgrace, that it was turned to a Ballad, * 1.1 in the most scummy and vilest Language conceivable; and this so all of an instant and sud∣den, that the Portugal Embassador, who then attended them here, said, That his Masters assumption to that Crown in 1640 was very speedy and miraculous, but this Revolution did far exceed it, both as to the bloodlessness and stilness of it; it seeming to be done as in a dream, so pitifully and abjectly did these pet∣ty Princes behave themselves in this rencounter, which happened on the 20 of April, in this manner.

Oliver himself, attended by Major-General Lambert, Harrison, and some 8 more Officers (having after several conferences with their Committees (who shewed him the danger of calling a new Representative, as the case then stood with the Commonwealth, for that no Qualifications could sufficiently secure

the Interest thereof; and that the onely way was to recruit the House, which could judge of such Elections by their own Authority) received no satisfa∣ction) entred the House, (some Members being made privy to his designe be∣fore, especially Sir Gilbert Pickering, who had held consultation the night be∣fore with him, and was up armed in his Chamber till the very time) and after a Speech therein, shewed the reasons and necessity of their Dissolution, did de∣clare it to be so, and desired them to depart: and presently Major-General Harrison peremptorily bid the Speaker to leave the Chair;* 1.2 which he refusing to do without the Order of the House, and till he was pulled out, Harrison desi∣red him to lend him his Hand, and gently heaved him out. Cromwel also com∣manded that Bauble (as he called the Mace) to be taken away, and to be car∣ried no more in State before him: and so having turned them out of Doors, lockt them up, and clapt Guards before them, and about all the Avenues of the Palace, to keep these Spirits out from possessing it again.

The news of this Luciferian fall, was quickly spread throughout the City, and from thence into the Kingdom, being related and received with all ima∣ginable gladness, while the Members slunk away, muttering to themselves the affront they had received, and laying their Heads together how to retrieve themselves; for loath they were to suffer this violence, or acknowledge their Dissolution, which they would by no means hear of. But what ever they fan∣cied to the contrary, raving at this boldness and audaciousness of their Servant, as they stiled Cromwel, he minded it not, but went on in his work.

The Government (such as it was) was now lodged in the Council of Offi∣cers of his own making and preferring; and the first thing done by them after this new Model, was the emitting of a Declaration from him and his Officers, shewing the grounds and reasons of this Dissolution of the Parliament, with an account of their Intentions as to the present and future Government of the Nation: which that it may appear by how slender a Thread the Sword of this Lawless Commander hung over the Heads of those Parliament-Tyrants, is very requisite to be inserted, it holding forth the present intrigues of Cromwel's de∣signes and method of Ambition.

* 2.1OVr intention is not to give an account, at this time, of the grounds which first moved us to take up Arms, and engage our Lives and all that was dear unto us in this Cause; nor to minde in this Declaration the various Dispensations through which Divine Providence hath led us, or the witness the Lord hath born, and the many signal Testimonies of acceptance which he hath given to the sincere endeavours of his unworthy servants, whilst they were contesting with the many and great dif∣ficulties, as well in the Wars, as other transactions in the three Nations; being ne∣cessitated, for the defence of the same Cause they first asserted, to have recourse unto extraordinary actions; the same being evident by former Declarations published on that behalf.

After it had pleased God not onely to reduce Ireland, and give in Scotland, but so marvelously to appear for his people at Worcester, that these Nations were redu∣ced to a great degree of Peace, and England to perfect quiet, and thereby the Par∣liament had opportunity to give the people the Harvest of all their Labour, Blood, and Treasure, and to settle a due Liberty both in reference to Civil and Spiritual things; whereunto they were obliged by their Duty, their Engagements, as also the great & wonderful things which God hath wrought for them: it was matter of much grief to the good and well-affected of the Land to observe the little progress which was made therein; who thereupon applied to the Army, expecting redress by their means; notwithstanding which, the Army being unwilling to meddle with the civil Authority in matters so properly appertaining to it, it was agreed, that his Excellency and Offi∣cers of the Army, which were Members of Parliament, should be desired to move the Parliament to proceed vigorously in reforming what was amiss in Government, and to the setling of the Commonwealth upon a foundation of justice and righte∣ousness; which having done, we hoped that the Parliament would seasonably have

answered our expectations: But finding (to our grief) delays therein, we renewed our desires in an humble Petition to them, which was presented in August last; and although they at that time, signifying their good acceptance thereof, returned us thanks, and referred the particulars thereof to a Committee of the House, yet no considerable effect was produced, nor any such progress made, as might imply their real intentions to accomplish what was petitioned for; but on the contrary, there more and more appeared amongst them an aversion to the things themselves, with much bitterness and opposition to the people of God, and his Spirit acting in them; which grew so prevalent, that those persons of Honour and Integrity amongst them who had eminently appeared for God and the Publick good, both before and through∣out this War, were rendred of no further use in Parliament, than by meeting with a corrupt party, to give them countenance to carry on their ends, and for effecting the desire they had of perpetuating themselves in the supream Government. For which purpose, the said party long opposed, and frequently declared themselves against ha∣ving a new Representative, and when they saw themselves necessitated to take that Bill into Consideration, they resolved to make use of it to recruit the House with per∣sons of the same Spirit and Temper, thereby to perpetuate their own sitting. Which Intention divers of the activest amongst them did manifest, labouring to perswade others to a consent therein: And the better to effect this, divers Petitions prepa∣ring from several Counties for the continuance of this Parliament, were encouraged, if not set on foot by many of them.

For obviating these evils, the Officers of the Army obtained several Meetings with some of the Parliament, to consider what fitting means and remedy might be applied to prevent the same: But such endeavours proving altogether ineffectual, it became most evident to the Army, as they doubt not it also is to all considering per∣sons, that this Parliament, through the corruption of some, the jealousie of others, the non-attendance and negligence of many, would never answer those ends which God, his People, and the whole Nation expected from them, but that this Cause which the Lord hath so greately blessed, and bore witness to, must needs languish under their Hands, and by degrees be wholly lost, and the Lives, Liberties, and Comforts of his people delivered into their Enemies hands.

All which being sadly and seriously considered by the honest people of this Na∣tion, as well as by the Army, and Wisdome and Direction being sought from the Lord, it seemed to be a duty incumbent upon us, who had seen so much of the power and presence of God going along with us, to consider of some more effectual means to se∣cure the Cause which the good people of this Commonwealth had been so long enga∣ged in, and to establish Righteousness and Peace in these Nations.

And after much debate, it was judged necessary, and agreed upon, that the Su∣pream Authority should be by the Parliament devolved upon known persons, men fearing God, and of approved Integrity; and the Government of the Commonwealth committed unto them for a time, as the most hopeful way to encourage and counte∣nance all Gods people, reform the Law, and administer Iustice impartially, hoping thereby the people might forget Monarchy, and understanding their true Interest in the Election of successive Parliaments, may have the Government setled upon a true Basis, without hazard to this glorious Cause, or necessitating to keep up Armies for the defence of the same.

And being still resolved to use all means possible to avoid extraordinary courses, we prevailed with about twenty Members of Parliament to give us a Conference; with whom we freely and plainly debated the necessity and justness of our Proposals on that behalf; and did evidence that those▪ and not the * 2.2 Act under their Consi∣deration, would most probably bring forth something answerable to that Work, the foundation whereof God himself hath laid, and is now carrying on in the World.

The which notwithstanding found no acceptance; but in stead thereof, it was of∣fered, that the way was to continue still this present Parliament, as being that from which we might reasonably expect all good things. And this being vehemently in∣sisted upon, did much confirm us in our apprehensions, That not any love to a Repre∣sentative, but the making use thereof to recruit, and so to perpetuate themselves, was their aim.

They being plainly dealt with about this, and told, that neither the Nation, the honest Interest, nor we our selves, would be deluded by such dealings; They did agree to meet again the next day in the Afternoon for mutual satisfaction; it being consented to by the Members present, that Endeavours should be used, that nothing in the mean time should be done in Parliament that might exclude or fru∣strate the Proposals before-mentioned.

Notwithstanding this, the next Morning the Parliament did make more hast than usual in carrying on their said Act, being helped on therein by some of the persons engaged to us the night before, none of them which were then present endeavour∣ing to oppose the same; and being ready to put the main Question for consummating the said Act, whereby our aforesaid Proposals would have been rendered void, and the way of bringing them into a fair and full Debate in Parliament obstru∣cted.

For preventing whereof, and all the sad and evil consequences which must upon the grounds aforesaid have ensued, and whereby at one blow the Interest of all ho∣nest men, and of this glorious Cause, had been endangered to be laid in the Dust, and these Nations embroyled in new Troubles, at a time when our Enemies abroad are watching all advantages against us, and some of them actually engaged in War with us; We have been necessitated, though with much reluctancy, to put an end to this Parliament; which yet we have done, (we hope) out of an honest heart, preferring this Cause above our Names, Lives, Families, or Interests, how dear soever; with clear intentions, and real purposes of heart, to call to the Government persons of approved fidelity and honesty; believing, that as none wise will expect to gather Grapes of Thornes, so good men will hope, that if persons so qualified be chosen, the fruits of a just and righteous Reformation, so long prayed and wished for, will (by the blessing of God) be in due time obtained, to the refreshing of all those good hearts who have been panting after these things.

Much more might have been said, if it had been our desire to justifie our selves by aspersing others, and raking into the Mis-government of affairs; but we shall con∣clude with this, That as we have been led by Necessity and Providence to act as we have done, even beyond and above our own thoughts and desires; so we shall and do, in that of this great Work which is behinde, put our selves wholly upon the Lord for a Blessing; professing we look not to stand one day without his support, much less to bring to pass any of the things mentioned and desired without his assistance: And therefore do solemnly desire and expect, that all men, as they would not provoke the Lord to their own destruction, should wait for such issue as he shall bring forth, and to follow their business with peaceable spirits; wherein, we promise them protection by his assistance.

And for those who profess their fear and love to the Name of God, that seeing in a great measure, for their sakes, and for Righteousness sake, we have taken our Lives in our hand to do these things; they would be instant with the Lord day and night on our behalfs, that we may obtain Grace from him: And seeing we have made so often mention of his Name, that we may not do the least dishonour thereunto; which indeed would be our confusion, and a stain to the whole profession of God∣liness.

We beseech them also to live in all Humility, Meekness, Righteousness, and Love one towards another, and towards all men; that so they may put to silence the Ig∣norance of the Foolish, who falsly accuse them; and to know, that the late great and Glorious Dispensations, wherein the Lord hath so wonderfully appeared in bring∣ing forth these things, by the travel and Blood of his Children, ought to oblige them so to walk in the Wisdom and love of Christ, as may cause others to honour their holy Profession, because they see Christ to be in them of a truth.

We do further purpose, before it be long, more particularly to shew the grounds of our Proceedings, and the Reasons of this late great Action and Change, which in this we have but hinted at.

And we do lastly Declare, That all Iudges, Sheriffs, Iustices of Peace, Mayors, Bayliffs, Committees, and all other Civil Officers, and Publick Ministers whatso∣ever,

within this Commonwealth, or any parts thereof, do proceed in their re∣spective Places and Offices; and all persons whatsoever are to give Obedience to them as fully as when the Parliament was sitting.

Signed in the Name and by the Appointment of his Excellency the Lord-General, and his Council of Officers. William Malyn, Secret.

White hall, the 22 of April, 1653.

The next thing they published, was an Injunction to all the Officers and Souldiers in the Army, forbidding them to make any disturbance in Churches, or affronting of Ministers and people in Congregations; which was done to gain them an opinion of Religious Piety and Zeal for the Worship and Service of God, now frequently profaned by the Sectarian Principles of Anabaptism, Quaking, and Ranting, (the two later whereof began to spread about this time, and be very infectious in the Army and their Quarters) which were licen∣sed among the Souldiery, who were every where drawn together to Rendez∣vouzes, to subscribe Addresses to their General,* 2.3 declaring their approbation of what he had done to the Government, and promising to assist him in his un∣dertakings with their Lives, with their hopeful expectation of the great and glorious Work to be accomplished by him, to the building up of Sion, &c. The like he received from the Fleet upon the news of the Change communicated to them, who resolved with the same courage to proceed against the common E∣nemy the Dutch;* 2.4 Vice-Admiral Pen being now in the Downs with seventy sail of ••••out Men of War, and General Monke and Dean expected with some more of the Western squadron, with which they now Anchored at Saint Hellen's Point.

The first Forrain Address that was made to this DICTATOR, (for such another Regiment was that of Lucius Scylla, and C. Marius amongst the Romans, for by that term of Authority he is b••••t distinguished▪ was from the Agents of the Rebel-City of Bourdeaux, (then maintained by the Prince of Conti against the French King) while his Embassador Bourdeaux was here for a Peace; whose offering a more advantageous Treaty to the Interest of Cromwel, was one occa∣sion of crushing that transaction; and Cromwel besides was ready to Prince it himself; and those Examples were no way to be encouraged by him.

The Dictator having held the Supreme Power some few days,* 2.5 devolved it by a Declaration to a Council of State; (his ignorant conceited Officers soar∣ing such flights, and such their extravagant notions of Government, and their pertness in them, that made him quickly weary of such Counsellors or Compa∣nions:) these were partly the greatest Officers in the Army; as Lambert, Dean, Harrison; and partly Members of the late Parliament, (among whom the Lord Fairfax was by name now listed into this Juncto) and some other new Gamesters of Cromwel's Cabinet Counsel. At the latter end of this Declara∣tion, he limited the time of their power till the persons of known Fidelity and Honesty should meet, according to the nomination & appointment of his Coun∣cil, to take upon them the Supream Authority;* 2.6 and in the interim, to this Council all obedience upon Peril was required, and all Justices and Sheriffs, and other Officers were ordered to continue in their respective Commissions and places, and Writs to run in the same stile, of the Keepers of the Liberties of England. The first work this Council did, was the publishing of an Ordinance for six months Assessment, from the 24 of Iune, and was obeyed in all points like an Act of Parliament, and better welcomed than any of the late ones, for its de∣crease of the Tax to a considerable fall; another Artifice to gain the people: but the Treasuries were now reasonable full by the Providence of all Parlia∣ment. The Town of Marlborough was reduced almost to Ashes April 28,* 2.7 an ominous Commencement of this Incendiaries Usurpation, whose red and fiery Nose was the burden of many a Cavalier-Song.

This turn and Translation of the Government was very acceptable news to the King at Paris, his Friends and Counsellors saluting and complementing him with the infallible hopes of his Restitution by those means; and much Jollity and Gladness there was concerning it, and many Treatments given the King. The Earl of Bristol,* 2.8 late Lord Digby, was now honoured with the Order of the Garter at Paris, and great expectation there was of a successful Issue of the Earl of Rochester's Negotiation at the Diet at ••atisbone, and of potent as∣sistance from other Princes His Allies and Confederates, among whom the Dutch were now reckoned not the least considerable; General Middleton be∣ing on his Journey thither to Treat with them about furnishing an Expedition into Scotland, where he was to Command in chief: but the Dutch having of∣fered a Treaty at any neutral place, which was now refused by Cromwel except at London, they would not presently Engage, till that Issue was known. The King of Denmark now also published his Manifesto against the English, and declared a War, and Rigged his Fleet, and secured and strengthned his Castles against any attempt of their Fleets, if they should approach so neer as they had done when Captain Ball commanded a Squadron thither the end of last Sum∣mer. In Ireland, the main of the Forces of Vlster under the Command of the Lord Iniskellin, Colonel O Rely, and Mac Mahon, and Mac Guire, yielded, and put an end to that War,* 2.9 May 18, upon the old Articles for Transportation.

On the 4 of May, Trump with 80 Men of War set sail again from the Texel, to meet a Fleet of 200 sail from Nants and other parts in France coming round about by Ireland, and to secure other ships from the Eastland laden with Cor∣dage and other Ship-materials and necessaries; which the Nants Fleet being ready for him, he nimbly effected, missing of our English Navy, who having Rendezvouzed at Humber-mouth, sailed to Aberdeen, and so to Shetland, and thence passed over to the Danish Shore, where they had intelligence that Trump had dispatcht his errand by that lucky meeting of his Nants Fleet, and had re∣turned for Holland: whereupon they presently steered for England; but before their arrival in any Port, Van Trump having quitted his Merchant-men, and de∣livered them sate, to the great rejoycing of the Dutch, came instantly into the Downs,* 2.10 with a resolution to fire and seize all such Ships as were before Dover, there being no Guard nor protection neer them; and on the 26 of May, mis∣sing of his aim, rantingly battered Dover with his whole Fleet all that day, to the Alarming of all the Coast adjacent; while the English Fleet, having visi∣ted the Coast of Holland, put them into no less consternation and wonder how we were able to Equip and Man 100 sail of War-ships in so short a time, and in such a distracted condition of State. Next day Trump having laid his Scouts abroad to get intelligence of the English Fleet, as also to intercept all Trade and ships coming into the Downs and River, Anchored on the back of the Goodwyn; Generals Monke and Dean being in Yarmouth-Road, and General Blake fitting himself to joyn with them; for Trump stayed in his Station. On the second of Iune in the Morning, the English Fleet discovered them, and a∣bout eleven or twelve a clock Engaged them, and Fought till six at Night: in the b••ginning of the fight, and the first Broad-side, General Dean was shot almost off in the Middle by a Cannon-Bullet,* 2.11 as he stood by General Monke, who without any disturbance bad his Servants and Seamen to remove him, and continued the Service without further notice of the accident. Of the Dutch side an Admiral was blown up, the Captain Cornelius Van Velso, and Captain Bolter's ship and three more sunk; which made Trump sail for the Dunkirk-Coast between, and some of his ships over the Flats, in hope to strand the English upon the pursuit; and in case the great ships should with more heed desist from the Chase, that the nimble and formost Frigats being too far Enga∣ged, and that without succour from them, in those Shallows might fall with∣out recovering into his hands, by his turning upon them with his ablest and lightest Vessels, of which he had store, and so escaped that night.

In this days fight, Rear-Admiral Lawson so Engaged with de Ruyter and two

other Flag-ships, and part of their Squadrons with his, that Trump was forced to come in to his Relief, with other of his best ships, whilst the ordinary Men of war were catcht up and Boarded; there being six more reckoned taken and sunk: in the night whereof, Trump by good Piloting made to the Coast aforesaid over those Shallows; but the English found them again, and Engaged them a∣bout eight in the Morning, (General Blake being now joyned with them, with a Squadron of 18 more Men of War) and continued till eleven or twelve, when the Dutch began to flye for it, and Van Trump to fire at those ships that ran; but they being not to be staid, run all into a huddle, which made them an easie prey, by reason of their confusion; ninety Men of War being so ming∣led one with another, that they could not come to do any Execution upon us, without greater damage to themselves. This lucky pursuit was continued till night,* 2.12 and some fifteen more ships taken; and had day lasted, few of them had escaped. Trump now steered S. and by E. with a fresh Eastward Gale, it ha∣ving been calm before; and General Monke E. N. E. to Zealand, and came to an Anchor at seven Fathom water, and found the Dutch Fleet arrived at Blac∣kenburgh, one of those places of strength pawned to Queen Elizabeth for secu∣rity of that assistance in men and money she afforded those States. Van Trump laid the misfortune of this Defeat upon the ignorance and unskilfulness of his Cap∣tains. And thus ended this Dutch Bravado upon our Coast, and in the Downs, where they had first attempted the tryal of strength, and to wrest the Soveraignty of the Seas;* 2.13 to the so breaking of their Stomacks, that a resolution for Peace and Agreement was presently taken up, and a Vessel with a white Flag, and a Messenger to prepare the way for two Embassadors, was sent into England: so uncertain and ridiculous is the greatest Humane confidence!

The Council of State now issued out Summons for the Parliament-men the Officers had nominated and presented to Cromwel, being persons of Integrity and Fidelity to the Commonwealth, as the project was, because there was no choice could be made by the Country without apparent hazard to the good Cause so long contested for, for that the disaffected would creep in; and there∣fore this extraordinary Proceeding was to be Authorized by the safety of the people, the Supreme Law. This was Sophistry in the Parliament: it was the highest reason now with Oliver, though the most palpable and bold subversion of the English Freedom that could be imagined; but Oliver had the Sword, and thought he gratified the people another way in exchange, by freeing them from the Task-masters of the Parliament, than whom, with the Old Woman, they thought they could not have worse, whoever came next.

And that the new Commonwealth and its friends might see that there was no good to be done by a Parliament after the utmost experiment of it, and to prepare the greater acceptableness of his Image of Government; (which had the Brass, the Iron, and the Clay to its Composition, in its rise, maintenance and perishment) he gave them a tast and sight of the gross and most absurd destructive errours of this Purest Convention, men differenced from the rest by the Character of Nathaniel, being without Guile; to whom he directed this Paper.

Forasmuch as upon the Dissolution of the late Parliament,* 3.1 it became necessary that the Peace should be provided for; and in order thereunto, divers persons fearing God, &c. and of approved Fidelity and Integrity, &c. are by my self and the Council of Officers nominated to the Trust, &c. and having good assurance of your Love, and courage for God, and the Interest of his Cause and good people: I Oliver Cromwel, Captain General of all the Forces raised, and to be raised within this Commonwealth, do require and Summon You — being one of the persons no∣minated, to appear in the Chamber commonly called the Council-Chamber in White∣hall in the City of Westminster, on the 4 of July, there to take upon you the Trust, &c. to which ye are called, and appointed a Member for the County of A. — And these good men and true resolved to come together and give their Verdict against the Publick.

A good juncture now offered it self to the Scotch Nobility, and the Loyal Party their adherents, to redeem themselves and Country from the slavery of their new Master, a great deal more costly and absolute than their Kirk-Rulers, as having no other Communion with this,* 3.2 than in the perillous concerns of Per∣son and Estate: The chief of these Nobles were the Earls of Glencarne, Sea∣forth, and Athol; the Lairds Mac Cloud, Mac Renalds; the Frazers; the Lord Kenmore, the Earl of Kinoule, though at present a Prisoner in Edenburgh-Castle, from whence he, Colonel Montgomery, and Lieutenant-Colonel Peter Hay very nearly afterwards escaped into this Party. They had lately received a Commission from the King, (and in Parties appeared up and down) in order to their raising new Levies, which they encreased to some competent numbers, expecting additional supplies from beyond Sea, and their Friends in the Low-lands, and some English Auxiliaries; of all which, and the Velitatory War made by them, hereafter in its place expect an Abstract and Epitome. Nothing remarkable in Ireland but the raging of the Plague, which followed the Sword, and accompanied the High Court of Iustice; as if no affliction could satisfie for the Barbarous Wickedness of that Nation; on whom notwithstanding it fell not alone, but spread it self afterwards into the English Quarters, and carried away a great number of people. Colonel Sullyman was now defeated in Ker∣ry, and his Major Fitz Gerald taken Prisoner; and the Transplantation now begun.

The English still lay upon the Coast of Holland, (having for a while refresh∣ed themselves at Soal-Bay) into whose Ports and Harbours, upon the pursuit as far as the Texel, they had driven and scattered the Dutch Fleet; which had so brought down the stomacks of the Hollander, that that Province having as before sent away a Boat with a white Flag, with a Messenger for a Pasport and a Safe-Conduct for two Embassadors; and having obtained it, sent away the Lords Youngstall and Vande Perre, to follow two others newly gone before. These arrived the 20 of Iune, and had Audience the 22, their Message being of such importance: for every day their Merchant-ships were taken coming home, and there was no stirring out for any, so that there was an absolute Ces∣sation there of Trade,* 3.3 no less than 30 ships of good lading having been taken by our Fleet riding up and down about their Havens. But this expedited and the more hastily and intently carried on their preparations for War, if Peace should not be presently concluded; the major part of their Fleet being put into Zealand and that Coast, was new Rigging there, and some new ships off the Stocks, and this Van Trump supervised: another new Fleet was equipping at Amsterdam, and that De Wit took the care and charge of: the Marriners Wages (though there was no other Employment for them) were now raised: the Lords States themselves came down to the several Ports, and saw the men imbarqued, to whom they gave Money in hand, and took them by it, requesting of them now to do valiantly for their Country; and telling them, that if they fought well this time, they should fight no more: and for the better incitement, and to see every man do his duty, two of the States went on board a nimble-Frigat, to be present at the Fight, now with all speed resolved on; and in confidence of suc∣cess, this Fleet was Victualled for five Months, which time it should continue abroad, blocking up our Harbours in like manner as we did theirs; for as yet in Forrain Courts and Countries they would not confess we were too hard for them; and this bout would rectifie all, and adjust their Stories.

* 3.4This happened in the end of Iuly; it having been so ordered, that both the Fleets under Van Trump from the Weilings in Zealand, and De Wit from the Texel, should meet upon the Engagement: General Monke with the English Fleet lying as it were in the mid-way. On the 29 of Iuly, the Scouts a Head discovered this Dutch Fleet, whereupon the General made after them; but they standing away for De Wit, it was five a clock at night ere any of our Frigats got up to them, when they appeared to be 90 sail of Men of War, and ten Fire-ships: about 7 that night, General Monke (aboard the Resolution) got up

to them, with some 30 ships and Frigats in all, and charged through their whole Fleet; when it beginning to grow duskish, the Masters advised the General not to stand to them again that night for fear of the Fire-ships: but the noble Ge∣neral turning himself with indignation towards them, commanded them in some disgraceful, but more unproper terms, that they should To um again, for, said He, The very Powder of the Guns of this Ship is able to blow away a Fire-ship from it; and so they tackt about, and through the Dutch again: in which by a Ball from the Enemy (both Fleets being close to one another) the Mizen-shrouds of the Resolution were fired, but quickly put out again by the courageous Activity of one Captain Ioseph Taylor, then assisting and standing by the General. Nothing of more remarque was done that night, save that the Garland with the Enemy received much prejudice, being known and saluted by every ships Broad-side, though the Dutch had altered her Decks: and so the English stood to the Southward, and Van Trump to the Northward that night, and joyned with De Wit, and withal got the Weather-gage, by reason his sailing Northwards was no way suspected by our Fleet.

The next day there being much Windy and foul Weather, both Fleets could not Engage, the Sea was so high, but found it a difficult work to get off of a Lee-shore, which was so much the worse to the English, being on an Enemies Coast; but a most gallant delightful sight it was to see the two Fleets so neer one another, plying their Sails, fill'd with as much Revenge and desire of En∣gagement, as with those envious Gusts that kept them asunder. But next mor∣ning being Sunday, the Weather proving fair, and little Wind, Iuly 31, both Fleets Engaged again in a most terrible Fight; the Dutch animated with the equal if not the inclinable success of Friday, and the English loth to contest so long for a resolved Victory, as if three days were always to be the apportioned time of their labour in Conquest. It is impossible to give a distinct account of this Battle, in Fire and Smoak, Board and Board, for eight hours together in∣cessant. The Garland was the first disabled, and the Dutch Fire-ships notably managed their business: the Andrew, Victory, Triumph, and Rainbow, the great ships (at whom the Dutch spight was greatest) being so endangered, that out of the Triumph (which was fired by one of them) several of the ships crue threw themselves into the Sea; but others of better spirits (remaining be∣hinde) with great gallantry quenched the Fire, and gave a merry occasion of a Civil Law or Admiralty-Controversie, Whether the Chests, Goods, and Cloaths (which those that stayed in the ship had got on) of those that deserted it, and when the danger of the Flame was past got in again, should belong to the pre∣sent Possessor, who refused to d'off or re-deliver them to the former owner, who was much troubled to see other men in his Apparel. The Victory (in which was Captain Lane) was stoutly beset with a Vice-Admiral and two o∣ther Flemish War-ships, and so distressed, that another Dutch Vice-Admiral (in an East-India-ship of 60 Guns) coming up by her Quarter, and mistaking the Condition as well as Resolution of that Captain, proffered him Quarter, and bid him yield; which was answered with the thanks of a Broad-side, that sunk the Dutch-man immediately by his side. No less gallant service did the Speaker-Frigat, so well known to the Dutch by the name of the Prater; and truly there was nothing but the antient glory & right of the English to be Superiors to that Nation, which differenced the valour of both; since had the Dutch fought upon a juster Quarrel, Fortune might have been as equal. Besides, the Death of their Admiral (the brave Van Trump) in the beginning of the Fight, by the shot of a Musquet-bullet in his left Pap,* 3.5 mainly contributed to their Defeat: His Flag, the Original of the War, was strucken with a shot; and whether they would not, (for a signe to their Fleet to revenge his Death) or could not make it stand, there was no such Ensigne the greatest part of the Fight; which having continued from seven in the morning till one or two in the afternoon, the Dutch at last gave out and fled towards the Texel, having but one Flag standing among them, the English Frigats pursuing them; the smalness of some

whereof made an Admiral-ship turn the Helm, and stand to them and Engage; but just upon his Boarding of one of them, the biggest Frigats came in and took the Dutch-man, whose Commanders with Lights in their Poops (for day was so far spent in the Chace) recovered the Texel; and the English not daring to venture too far upon that Coast, rode some ••ix Leagues that night over against it, having lost two ships, the Oak, who perished by fire, thrusting her self be∣tween, to preserve the Rainbow from a Fire-ship; and the Hunter-frigat, an Eng∣lish Fire-ship, who attended the orders of the Rear-Admiral Lawson, whose behaviour this day, also of Vice-Admiral Pen, was very noble and Renowned: most of the Fleet were maimed in their Rigging, Shrouds, and Masts; especial∣ly the Merchant-men, (whose Captains having withdrawn themselves former∣ly from the brunt of the Engagement, to save their Owners, were now trans∣ferred to one anothers Commands, and sought here stoutly,) especially the May-flower was terribly battered, and hardly able to keep above Water: but the greatest loss was of Commanders, whose Names and their respective Ships out of which they were killed and wounded, were as followeth.

The Dutch lost, and had Burnt and Sunk 26 Men of War; 30 were first reckoned, but two of that number got into the Elbe much torn, and two into Zealand; the particulars of whose Captains taken Prisoners were as follows; the rest were lost beyond our research, for the Dutch would never publish them.

English Captains Slain.

Andrew,

Captain Thomas Graves,

Golden Cock,

Capt. Edmund Chapman.

William,

Capt. Iohn Taylor.

May-flower-Merchant,

Capt. William Newman.

Prosperous,

Capt. Crisp.

Phoenix,

Capt. Owen Cox, that took her from the Duth before.

And 500 Common Souldiers Slain.

English Captains Wounded.

Triumph,

Captain Peacock,

Lawrel,

Capt. Iohn Stokes.

Dragon,

Capt. Iohn Seaman.

Portland,

Capt. William Rou••▪

Assurance,

Capt. P. Holland.

Tulip,

Capt. Ioseph Cubit.

And 800 Common Souldiers Wounded.

Dutch Captains taken Prisoners, the Slain unknown.

• Cornelius Evertson, Vice-Admiral of Zealand, and Captain of the Zealand-Ly∣on, 28 Guns, and 130 men, Sunk.
• Glause Iohnson Zanger, Captain of the Westcappall, 26 Guns, and 104 Men, Sunk.
• Andrew Fomeen, Captain of the Concord of Zirick-Zee, 22 Guns, 100 Men, Burnt.
• Gerbion Scotter, Captain of the Golden Dolphin, 30 Guns, 110 Men, Sunk.
• Iohn de Hayes, Commander of the Garland, a ship formerly taken from us by the Dutch, 44 Guns, 180 Men, Burnt.
• ...It is suspected there were more Captains Prisoners, but they were not discovered.
• At least 4500 Dutch slain and wounded; and it was certain, of 120 Sail, there re∣turned but 90 into the Texel.

To honour and recompence the desert of the Generals,* 3.6 and the Vice-Admi∣ral, and Rear-Admiral, and their Flag-Officers, the Parliament ordered them respectively Gold-Chains, and to all the Officers and Captains Meddals of Gold. Provision and Maintenance was likewise ordered for the Widows and Children of those that were slain; as also care taken for the Wounded, the moiety of all Hospital-revenues applied to their particular Cure, as likewise the Tenths of all Prizes formerly belonging to the Lord-Admiral; and lastly, as an acknowledgment of this Victory,* 3.7 a Thanksgiving on the 25 of August, managed by Owen and Cradock.

The Dutch had given their Reward before, having ordered 1000 l. besides the ship and furniture, to those that should take the chief Admiral, other Admi∣rals 600 l. their Flag-ships 400 l. and 100 l. to those that with a valiant and courageous hand should take down the Admiral's Flag, and so proportionably; but none of these Payments were ever claimed, for the attempt was found more unfeasible. The Dutch got upon the Steeples at the Hague, and other high places about Scheveling, and saw something of the Fight, which they fancied to their advantage; but the perfecter fight at Amsterdam undid their belief: notwithstanding the English presently leaving their Coast, heightned them to a vapour, that it was an equal Combat; and they gave it out accordingly. General Monke having staid 12 Leagues to the Westward of the Texel some three or four days, sailed for Soal-Bay again, and met upon the English Coast with a terrible Storm, to the endangering the Fleet, but especially such ships as were shattered; and thence some while after sent away Vice-Admiral Lawson to the Coast of Holland, while De Wit was got ready, and to Sea and home again, with a Fleet of 60 Sail of War, to fetch home 300 Merchant-men from the Sound,* 3.8 from the East-Indies and all parts of the World, (the Sound being the appointed Rendezvouz of them all) and brought them in safety home, to the no little rejoycing and Triumph of the Dutch Merchants, and to the asswaging the publick discontent at their late defeat. The States had been in election of a Lieutenant-Admiral in place of Van Trump, and at last agreed upon the Lord Opdam,* 3.9 one that had been a Colonel of Horse in their service, and of good Conduct and personal worth, whom, in imitation of the English, they chose to this Sea-employment. Trump's Funerals were ordered to be solemnized in the beginning of September, when he was Interred at Delf in great State, becom∣ing so great a Captain, the honour and defence of his Country, in which he nobly fell. A person of great affection to the Family and person of our King, and very much an English-man in all things but his Nativity. Of such an in∣terest in this War, that with him it begun, and with him expired, he being the soul that actuated it throughout. In his glorious Urn we will deposite there∣fore this History and Record thereof, and re-assume the mention of the Dutch in more friendly and amicable language: but it is very necessary to look first homewards, and retrospect the elaps'd sitting down of Oliver's Juncto at West∣minster.

According to their Summons, on the fourth of Iuly,* 3.10 the Members of appro∣ved Fidelity, &c. met at the Council-chamber in White-hall, where Cromwel in a zealous Speech, much to the purpose of his Declaration, and the occasion of the present meeting, stuft with various citations of Scripture (I am loth to nauseate the Reader with any more of his Harangues at large) to his (but far from the) purpose; devolved the supreme Trust, which they translated into more common English, adjourning themselves after a short Consultation to Westminster, a••d giving themselves the Title and Authority of the Parliament of England, voting Mr. Francis Rouse for their Speaker; but with a Collateral Vote,* 3.11 that he should continue in the Chair no longer than for a Month. They were persons for the most part of such mean and ignore extractions, that so far were they from being taken notice of by the Shires each of whom but two or three represented▪ that they were scarce known in the very Towns they were born, or afterwards inhabited, till the Excise, then Committees for Sequestra∣tion,

and the War in the respective Counties, made them infamously known. The rest were of his Partisans in the Parliament and High Court of Iustice; and for credit-sake some two or three Fanatick-Noblemen, (excepted always the latent honour of the Renowned Monke, Howard, and Montague) and some Knights, and amongst them, for honesty sake, Sir A. Ashley Cooper; though for all those Titles and Generosities, it was better known like it self by the Name of Barebone's Parliament,* 3.12 whose Christian-Name was Praise God, a Leather-seller in Fleetstreet, a Brownist, or such kinde of Separatist from the Church of England, long before the War, and now a Member in this Convention, into which these Evocati had adopted Cromwel, Lambert, Harrison, Thomlinson, and Desborough; because forsooth none of the Army would intrude; and generally none to be ad∣mitted, but such of whom this House should be satisfied of their real Godliness; and this by a preliminary Vote, Iuly 5. These strangers to our Israel, but Pro∣selytes of the Good Cause, and Iewish in every other respect, since they obtained the Name of a Parliament, are as well worth a shew, as the other a Ballad: and these are the Names of the Monster.

* 3.13Berks.

• ...Samuel Dunch.
• ...Vincent Goddard.
• ...Thomas Wood.

Bedford.

• ...Nathaniel Taylor.
• ...Edward Cater.

Buckingham.

• ...George Fleetwood.
• ...George Baldwin.

Cambridge.

• ...Iohn Sadler.
• ...Thomas French.
• ...Robert Castle.
• ...Samuel Warner.

Chester.

• ...Robert Duckenfield.
• ...Henry Berkenhead.

Four Northern Counties.

• ...Charles Howard.
• ...Robert Fenwick▪
• ...Henry Dawson.
• ...Henry Ogle.

Cornwal.

• ...Robert Bennet.
• ...Francis Langdon.
• ...Anthony Rous.
• ...Iohn Bawden.

Derby.

• ...Iervas Bennet.
• ...Nathaniel Barton.

Devon.

• George Monke, one of the Generals at Sea.
• ...Iohn Carew.
• ...Thomas Sanders.
• ...Christopher Martin.
• ...Iames Erisey.
• ...Francis Rous.
• ...Richard Sweet.

Dorset.

• ...William Sydenham.
• ...Iohn Bingham.

Essex.

• ...Ioachim Matthews.
• ...Henry Barrington.
• ...Iohn Brewster.
• ...Christopher Earl.
• ...Dudly Templer.

Gloucester.

• ...Iohn Crofts.
• ...William Neast.
• ...Robert Holmes.

Southampton.

• ...Richard Norton.
• ...Richard Major.
• ...Iohn Hildesly.

Hertford.

• ...Henry Lawrence.
• ...William Reeve.

Hereford.

• ...Wroth Rogers.
• ...Iohn Herring.

Huntington.

• ...Edward Montague.
• ...Stephen Pheasant.

Kent.

• Lord Viscount Lisle.
• ...Thomas Blount.
• ...Wil••iam Kenrick.
• ...William Cullen.
• ...Andrew Broughton.

Lancaster.

• ...William West.
• ...Iohn Sawrey.
• ...Robert Cunliff.

Leicester.

• ...Henry Danvers.
• ...Edward Smith.
• ...Iohn Prat.

Lincoln.

• Sir William Brownlow.
• ...Richard Cust.
• ...Barnaby Bowtel.
• ...Humphrey Walcot.
• ...William Thompson.

Middlesex.

• Sir William Roberts.
• ...Augustine Wingfield.
• ...Arthur Squib.

Monmouth.

• ...Philip Iones.

Northampton.

• Sir Gilbert Pickering.
• ...Thomas Brook.

Norfolk.

• ...Robert Iermy.
• ...Tobias Freere.
• ...Ralph Wolmer.
• ...Henry King.
• ...William Burton.

Nottingham.

• ...Iohn Oddingsels.
• ...Edward Clud.

Oxon.

• Sir Charles Wolsley.
• ...William Draper.
• Dr. Ionathan Goddard.

Rutland.

• ...Edward Horseman.

Salop.

• ...William Bottrel.
• ...Thomas Baker.

Stafford.

• ...George Bellot.
• ...Iohn Chetwood.

Suffolk.

• ...Iacob Caley.
• ...Francis Brewster.
• ...Robert Dunkon.
• ...Iohn Clarke.
• ...Edward Plumstead.

Somerset.

• Robert Blake, one of the Generals at Sea.
• ...Iohn Pyne.
• ...Dennis Hollister.
• ...Henry Henley.

Surrey.

• ...Samuel Highland.
• ...Lawrence March.

Sussex.

• ...Anthony Stapley.
• ...William Spence.
• ...Nathaniel Studeley.

Warwick.

• Iohn St. Nicholas.
• ...Richard Lucy.

Wilts.

• Sir Anthony Ashly-Cooper.
• ...Nicholas Green.
• ...Thomas Eyre▪

Worcester.

• ...Richard Salwey.
• ...Iohn Iames.

York.

• George Lord Eure.
• ...Walter Strickland.
• ...Francis Lassels.
• ...Iohn Anlaby.
• ...Thomas Dickenson.
• Thomas St. Nicholas.
• ...Roger Coats.
• ...Edward Gill.

London.

• ...Robert Titchborn.
• ...Iohn Ireton.
• ...Samuel Moyer.
• ...Iohn Langley.
• ...Iohn Stone.
• ...Henry Barton.
• ...Praise God Barebone.

Wales.

• ...Bushy Mansel.
• ...Iames Philips.
• ...Iohn Williams.
• ...Hugh Courtney.
• ...Richard Price.
• ...Iohn Brown.

Scotland.

• Sir Iames Hope.
• ...Alexander Bredy.
• ...Iohn Swinton.
• ...William Lockart.
• ...Alexander Ieffries.

Ireland.

• Sir Robert King.
• Col. Iohn Hewson.
• Col. Henry Cromwel.
• Col. Iohn Clark.
• ...Daniel Hutchison.
• ...Vincent Gookyn.

Such an Assembly, or Trim Tram, was very unlikely to settle the Nation, who though they expected all mischief imaginable from them, yet could not forbear with the Sun in a Cloud to smile at their ridiculous unhappiness. In∣deed it was but a Cloud, for it soon vanished and disappeared at the storm of Oliver's furious Ambition; and therefore there needs not much more to be said of it, than Astrologers do of Comets and Eclipses, who reckon onely their continuance, which was from the 4 of Iuly, to the 12 of December, in which these angry products were visible.

First, an Act for Marriages by a Justice of Peace,* 3.14 (having been in debate by the Long Parliament) the Banes to be published in the Market three several days, and the words of that Sacred Ordinance onely inverted, and the fashion changed, with an Appendix concerning Church-Registers, and a Proviso that no other Marriage should be valid and Lawful: whereupon all civil people were forced to be twice joyned, though but once Married. Next after this Matri∣monial Coupling, in a wilder humour they fell upon a Consultation of Repudi∣ating the Body of the Law,* 3.15 by divorcing it from the People, and a new Foun∣dation to be laid, and Systems of their own projections to be brought in the place of it; and these were to be adequated to the measure and square of a Fifth Monarchy, and those Monstrous absurdities. Then in order thereunto, an

Act was hammering for abolishing of Tithes, ejecting scandalous Ministers, and constituting Commissioners to go the Circuit to enquire and visit the Parishes: and most of their Debates were spent hereupon. And lastly, in prepara∣tion to Oliver's designe, (who yet managed and put them upon those enor∣mous Whimseys, to the making them most odious, and all Parliame••ts with them) though under pretence of grievance to many Godly people especially, and the whole Nation in general; the non-procedure at Law without subscri∣bing the Engagement, was taken away; also all Fines upon Bills, Declarations, and Original Writs, were taken off, and the Chancery very neer a total subver∣sion, a Bill being ready to that purpose. Those were their devices as to the Law, and the Regulation of Government; see the rest to the maintenance of it▪ and the carrying on of the Affairs of the Commonwealth, as their Secretaries t••••med it. First, an Act was framed out of an Ordinance of the late prece∣ding Council of State, for a Lottery of the Rebels Lands in Ireland, in which one Methuselah Turner, a Linnen-draper in Cheapside, and one Brandriffe a Cloth-drawer, were Named Commissioners, and had already sate in Grocers-Hall, with such other most incompetent Judges of the affair: In this Act, the Rebel∣lion was declared to be at an end,* 3.16 and that the several Adventurers and Soul∣diers for their Arrears should have ten Counties set out and assigned for their satisfaction; and if that should not satisfie, the County of Louth should be ad∣ded to make it up; with many other clauses of length and restriction: and this was passed as an Introduction to the Grand Grievance of Publick Faith-money, undertaken by those shrimps, which was able to crush their House full of such as Hercules; but it was well applied to cajole the People, (many of whom had been very forward in supplies of Money to the Irish war) and the Souldiers there, that were to be made firm to Cromwel's Interest, by such obligations of Lands and Estates. A new Council of State was now of the same teeming, but of a mightier strain; Oliver, and his Grand Officers and Partisans entirely constituting it, not a puny of those Dwarfish Politicians being admitted into the number. Those Hogens of the Council did all the business, transacted with Forrain States, kept the Wheels of Government on going here and abroad, received Embassadors, particularly the Spanish, Dutch, and French Residents, and a new one from the Great Duke of Florence, and other Princes▪ and put upon the Parliament all their Intrigues and ill-looked necessities of Money, so that this Convention at first dash ran the Tax up again to 120000 l. per mensem for six Months; as if Pluto kept Court there again, and that like possessed men they could speak nothing else but that and Excise, now continued, and an ad∣ditional Act for sales of Fee-farm Rents, Forrest-lands, and more Delinquents Estates, for the finishing of that whole affair.

* 3.17The Lord Whitlock (between whom and the Lord Lisle the Embassie of Swe∣den was in dispute for a while, till Cromwel had made sure of Whitlock) was now recommended to the Parliament for their Approbation and Commission to proceed in his Voyage with all hast, to pursue those designes of Agreement which had been layd by that Queens Embassadors here; that Kingdom labour∣ing with such another Change, in some manner, as we did here: and accordingly he was dispatcht, and his Instructions (as all other things of designe and con∣sequence) referred to the Council of State. He departed about the beginning of November, in the Phoenix and Elizabeth Frigats, and arrived the 15 at Go••ten∣burgh in that Kingdom, with a Retinue of 100 persons very gallant, with a suitable state of Furniture; and travelled from thence in very ugly way, and base Accommodation, (no Beds being to be had for Money) to Vpsal, an University, where the Queen then resided, because of the Plague at Stockholme, the chief City and Metropolis of that Kingdom. General Blake, Monke, Desborough, and Pen, were commended likewise to be Generals at Sea for the next year, (a suitable Change with that inconstant Element) and approved of. And lastly, that they might in all things be like a Parliament, and alike odious to all peo∣ple; and that the Cavaliers might have recent cause to hate them, a High Court

of Iustice was Enacted again, and Lisle made President: for Bradshaw, as a great Commonwealths-man, and Enemy to a Single Person, was quite lain a∣side. This is the sum of what these Sages and men of Fidelity did during their Session,* 3.18 besides their Prayers and Preachments in the House, so that from the something Honourable Stile of a Convention▪ it raised not it self above the Re∣putation of a Conventicle; and in effect, the Parliament was but a Sub-commit∣tee, that truckled under the Council of State and Oliver for their occasions, and Feake's (a great Fifth-Monarchy-Preacher) Congregation held at Black-fryers, (this H••y of the Commonwealth being betwixt S••ylla and Charybdis) who cut out every days work for the House; the very last knack of their Legislative-power being a Bill formed in Paper, and ready drawn to the last Clause, (and would have presently passed) for the perpetual meetings of Parliament one upon the Dissolution of another, (the very Coloquintida of their Counsels to Oliver) and that the people should be judged by Committees, and no Courts remain at Westminster, but the Mosaical Law should take place; Magistracy and Ministry both being to be abolished, that the Saints of the Earth might Rule in all things. — But see the Evil Spirit laid by their own artful Con∣jurer.

On the 12 of December,* 3.19 (as it had been directed by the Council of State) the Parliament being sate, some of the Members stood up, one after another, and made a motion for a Dissolution thereof, for that it would not be for the good of the Nations to continue it longer: this Court-Air almost Blasted the Men of Fidelity and Committee-Blades, who had scarce warmed their Fingers ends in the Government, and were newly setling themselves and their Friends in a thriving way, as they had done in their Offices they had passed before; and thereupon they began one after another to make Perorations of the Cause of God and the Godly people committed to their charge: which they could not tell how to answer to Him, if so easily they should give it up, and leave the Commonwealth in such a distraction as would inevitably ensue: and Major-General-Harrison,* 3.20 and Arthur Squib (the great Sequestrator of Haberdashers Hall) were very copiously zealous in defence of their Authority: but the Mili∣tary or Court-party being the Major part, not thinking them worthy of a dis∣pute or longer Debate, the Speaker being of their side, rose, and left the House, and them sitting in it, where to Prayers they went, and then resolved to con∣tinue ••itting.

In the mean time Rous the Speaker (with the Mace before him and his fol∣lowers) came to White-hall, and there resigned the Instrument he gave them,* 3.21 by which they were constituted a Parliament; and gave him likewise to un∣derstand and how they had left their Fellows. Their Surrender was kindely recei∣ved by Oliver, and they thanked for the pains they had taken in the service of the Commonwealth; however he and they had missed of their intentions of the good should thereby have come to the Commonwealth, which a strange spirit, and perverse principle in some of the Members had solely hindered. And as to them yet sitting in the Parliament-house, he dispatcht away Lieutenant-Colonel White, a confident of his, to dislodge them; who accordingly with a guard of Red-coats came thither, and entring the House, Commanded them in the Name of the General to depart, for that the Parliament was Dis∣solved: who replying to the contrary, and telling him they were upon Business, and ought not to be thus disturbed; he asked, What Business? they answered, We are seeking of God. P••gh, saith he, is that all? that's to no purpose; for God hath not been within these Walls these twelve years. And so fairly com∣pelled them out, muttering with the same wrath, and sorrowful look-backs, as those that had sate 30 times the same term, and could almost have pleaded pre∣scription.

Thus was the Power emptied from one Vessel to another, as the Scribes and Chaplains of the Grandees phrased it; and could finde settlement, till Oliver was called to it by his Council of Officers, to supply this Gap in Government.

And now a Single Person with a Council is the onely expedient for the safety of the People, for that there is no Trust nor Truth in Parliaments, as their of∣ten aberrations and failures had sufficiently declared: and it was dis••cursed by the Abettors of this Change, that 'twas not Monarchy which was quarrelled at, but the corruptions and abuses of it, in its unlimited, unbounded Prerogative; all which would be avoided, by the circumscription of it in a Protector, by his Council, and a new Instrument of Government, and the Supreme power of a Trie••nial Parliament, in whom during their Session the Soveraign Authori∣ty should reside.

So they said, and so they did: for after four days time (in which Feak and his Freaking Partisans were almost run from their Wits in rage and madness) Cromwel was Appointed and Declared for Protector of this Infant-Common∣wealth, (and it was a tedious interval to him:) the Chancery-Court at West∣minster-hall being prepared for the Ceremony of the Instalment in this manner, after the usual seeking of God by the Officers of the Army.

* 3.22The Protector about one of the clock in the afternoon came from White hall to Westminster to the Chancery-Court, attended by the Lords Commissioners of the Great Seal of England, Barons of the Exch••quer, and Judges in their Robes; after them, the Council of the Commonwealth, and the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Recorder of the City of London, in their Scarlet Gowns: then came the Protector attended with many of the chief Officers of the Army. A Chair of State being set in the said Court of Chancery, the Protector stood on the left hand thereof uncovered, till a large Writing in Parchment (in the manner of an Oath) was read; there being the power with which the Protector was In∣vested, and how the Protector is to Govern the three Nations: which the Pro∣tector accepted of, and subscribed in the face of the Court, and immediately hereupon sate down covered in the Chair. The Lords Commissioners then de∣livered up the Great Seal of England to the Protector, and the Lord Mayor his Sword and Cap of Maintenance; all which the Protector returned immediate∣ly to them again. The Court then rose, and the Protector was attended back as aforesaid, to the Banqueting-house in White-hall, the Lord Mayor himself un∣covered, carrying the Sword before the Protector all the way: and coming into the Banqueting-house, an Exhortation was made by Mr. Lockyer; after which, the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Judges departed.

The Instrument or Module framed to be the Foundation of this present Go∣vernment, was chiefly made up of these following Heads.

* 3.231. The Protector should call a Parliament every three years. 2. That the first should Assemble on the third of September, 1654. 3. That he would not Dis∣solve the Parliament till it had sat five Months. 4. That such Bills as they of∣fered to him, he not Passing them in twenty days, should Pass without him. 5. That he should have a select Council, not exceeding one and twenty, nor under thirteen. 6. That immediately after his Death, the Council should chuse another Protector before they rose. 7. That no Protector after him should be General of the Army. 8. That the Protector should have power to make Peace or War. 9. That in the Intervals of Parliament, he and his Council might make Laws that should be binding to the Subjects, &c. With some other popular Lurdes and common incidencies of Go∣vernment, not worth the recital, which were confirmed and strenuously valida∣ted by this his Oath.

* 4.1I Promise in the presence of God, not to violate or infringe the matters and things contained in the Instrument; but to ob∣serve, and cause the same to be observed; and in all things to the best of my understanding, govern the Nations according to the Laws, Statutes, and Customs; to seek their Peace, and cause Justice and Law to be equally administred.

The Feat needed no more security, as good altogether as its Authority, in this fo••lowing Proclamation, which was published throughout England, Scotland, and Ireland, in these words.

Whereas the late Parliament Dissolved themselves,* 5.1 and resigning their Powers Authorities, the Government of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland, in a Lord Protector, and successive Triennial Parliaments, is now established. And whereas Oliver Cromwel, Captain-General of all the Forces of this Common∣wealth is declared Lord Protector of the said Nations, and hath accepted thereof: We have therefore thought it necessary (as we hereby do) to make publication of the Premises, and strictly to charge and command all and every person or persons, of what quality and condition soever, in any of the said three Nations, to take notice hereof, and to conform and submit themselves to the Government so established. And all Sheriffs, Mayors, Bayliffs, &c. are required to publish this Proclamation; to the end none may have cause to pretend Ignorance in this behalf.

Great shooting off Guns at night, and Vollies of acclamations, were given at the close of this mock-solemnity, by Cromwel's Janizaries, while the Royalists were more joyfully disposed at the hopes of the King's Affairs; but no body of any ac∣count giving the Usurper a good word or miskiditchee with his Greatness, save what was uttered in Fur by the Lord Mayor and the Complices in this Fact, who tickled his Ears with the Eccho of the Proclamation done with the usual Formalities. These Triumphs so disgusted Harrison,* 5.2 (as also Colonel Rich) that he withdrew himself from the Gang, and turned publick Preacher or Railer against his Comrade Oliver, who was glad to be rid of such a busie and imper∣tinent Assistant in the moduling of Government. So Cromwel had now two Commonwealth contra-divided Factions against him, the old and the new Par∣liaments; and therefore it neerly concerned him to make much of the Ana∣baptist and Sectary,* 5.3 which now succeeded Independency as the Religion main∣tained and favoured above all other; and Kiffin a great Leader and Teacher was now in great request at the Court at White-hall, and contrarily Sir Henry Vane jun. was looked on a-skue, as also Sir Ar. Hazilrig, and Bradshaw, and Scot. And so the Babel-builders were confounded one amongst another.

The Council appointed by Officers, or taken rather by himself, by whose ad∣vice he was to govern, were 14 at first.

• Lord Lambert.
• Lord Viscount Lisle.
• General Desbrow.
• Sir Gilbert Pickering.
• Major-General Skippon.
• Sir Anthony Ashly-Cooper.
• Walter Strickland, Esquire.
• Sir Charles Wolsley.* 5.4
• Colonel Philip Iones.
• Francis Rous, Esquire.
• Richard Major, Esquire.
• Iohn Lawrence, Esquire.
• Colonel Edward Montague.
• Colonel William Sydenham.

By these another Proclamation came out, enabling all Officers, Sheriffs, and Justices of the Peace to continue in their respective places:* 5.5 and Audience and Conference was given to the Dutch Embassadors, who besides their last loss by Fight, had suffered very greatly by the same storm that endangered our Fleet, as De Wit was returning from the Sound; which made them ply hard for a Ces∣sation, in order to a speedy Peace: And General Monke was now riding at St. Hellens-point, by the Isle of Wight, with a considerable Fleet:* 5.6 Colonel Lilburn was likewise ordered to Command in chief the Forces of Scotland, who had defeated the Earl of Kinoule and his party; and Sir Arthur Forbes (another Chieftain of the Royal party) was routed neer Dumfrieze,* 5.7 and himself despe∣rately wounded, while the main Army Quartered in Murrey-land, and thence to Elgin; Colonel Morgan being sent to attend their motion.

The Noble Wogan,* 5.8 who from France had by the way of Durham and Bar∣wick,

and through a Fayr in open day, marched into Scotland, and had joyned with those Scotch Royalists, and done excellent service in beating up of Quarters, and attempting them in all their marches and advances, came now at last to his End; Providence having reserved this honourable Destiny for him, that he alone of all the English of Note, should fall in his Majesties last Quarrel in the Kingdom of Scotland, the manner thus. Being abroad with his party of some 60 English, he met with Captain Elsenore's Lieutenant, ranging upon the same adventure, with some more than his number, neer Drummond and Weems, and fell upon him; and after a very sharp and stout Conflict (for they were Armed with Back and Brest, and were Veteran•• Blades, and never fled before) routed them, but was Wounded himself with a Tuck, whereof not long after he died, and was buried in great State, and much lamentation, with a Military Funeral in the Church of Kenmore; and Captain Ker a valiant Scot was killed with him: the said Lieutenant was killed also upon the place, with 30 of his men, to ac∣company the fate of this Noble person; so that he fell not unrevenged. Great indignation there was against Robinson the Surgeon that Drest him, for his neglect of him, the Earl of Athol having threatned to kill him; so dearly was this Heroe beloved by that Nation, who constantly envied the worth and gal∣lantry of ours. And here we must leave him till some grateful Learned Muse shall sing the Honorable Atchievements, and most laudable high actions of this famous and renowned Captain.

Mortogh O Brian, the onely remaining General of the remnant of Irish in Arms, had lately fallen into the Quarters, and defeated several parties, and took some small places; but upon the approach of a Body of English, retreated again to his Fastnesses, where he better bethought himself of his sculking condition; and therefore sent and obtained the usual Articles of Transportation;* 5.9 there be∣ing reckoned now above 27000 men that had departed that Kingdom within a year: and the transplantation of most of the rest into Connaught, (a Province environed on one side by the Sea, and lockt up by Rivers and Garrisons on the other, for the security of the Peace, and enjoyment of English Lands and Estates in other Counties) had so dispeopled that Kingdom, that the Commissioners there, and their Commander Fleetwood, sent over Letters, desiring some Colonies of English to be sent over to them; very good Conditions being offered such as would Transport themselves: The chief Towns of Limerick, Galloway, and Waterford, to enjoy the like Priviledges with Bristol, &c. and Cromwel failed not to confirm Mannours and Hereditaments upon his Confiding Creatures there, who were very industrious to procure Tenants and Inhabitants to make Rent for them, with the same Expedition as he himself would here have sold the For∣rest-lands, now ready for a Purchase.

The King was yet at Paris, having lately received a considerable sum of Money from Germany, where the Lord of Rochester continued at the Diet, and promises from the Emperour of his appearing in his behalf, and of Engaging the other Princes with him, upon his declaring for his Interest at the same Diet. The French King was yet very uncertain how to carry himself in that Affair, it being yet doubtful whether the Spaniard or he should first be Leagued to Crom∣wel; and some suspition there was of his Rupture with him first, as lying most opportune for his Arms, and most aimed at, because of his Relation to the King; and therefore underhand he gave the King assurance of his inviolable respects to him, and laboured by all means to stave off the Dutch from an A∣greement, offering them very largely: but by the sagacious policy of Car∣dinal Mazarine, Cromwel was inclined to Friendship with the French; and the King being sensible whereto that would tend,* 5.10 resolved to depart.

There was notwithstanding a kinde of Pyratical War excercised by the French, and some English and Irish, upon the Western Trade, by some 15 sail of little Men of War,* 5.11 who harboured on the Coast of Britany, in Brest, and thereabouts, and did very much mischief; the chief and Admiral of whom, was one Cap∣tain Beach, in the Royal Iames, of 38 Guns, whom at last the Constant Warwick

met with. (other Friga••s plying up and down to free the Channel) and after a long fight forced to yield. Beach coming aboard demanded his Articles of being set ashore in France. Captain Potter denied any such; and if he did not like the Terms he had given, he bid him go abord his own ship again with his men, and right for better: which Beach seeing the bravery of the man, refused, and was brought Prisoner to Plymouth, and so that Nest was broken.

Cromwel now supplied the Benches of the Courts at Westminster with the ablest of the Lawyers,* 5.12 whom he had invited to the publick service: and Mr. Maynard, Twisden, Nudigate, Hugh Windham, were made Serjeants, and Mr. Hales one of the Justices of the Common-Pleas, where Saint Iohn y••t sate, and of the Cabi∣net to this Protector besides; having pre••erred his Man Thurloe (his Secretary at the Hague) to be his Secretary of State; the Candle or Light of that Dark-Lanthorn, which Saint Iohn was said to be in these mysterious times to Crom∣wel, in all his attempts and designes of consequence and moment. Colonel Mackworth the Governour of Shrewsbury was called now to the Council, and to partake of the Cabal of the Usurpation, as a person of fit Interest and prin∣ciples to strengthen it: And the Dutch Peace now concluded on by their Embas∣sadors, and the Commissioners of the said Council for the Protector, between whom this private Article was agreed, That the Prince of Aurange should never be restored to the Dignities, Offices, and Charge his Ancestors held and enjoyed: and this was urged, for the better Conservation of the peace, which would in his restitution be endangered, because of his Relation to the King. This was ill resented by the other six Provinces; but Holland, whose Interest was to have a Peace, and who paid more than half of the publick charge, stood to it, alled∣ging there could no Peace be made without it: The rest of the Articles, save the restoring of the Ships and Goods detained by the King of Denmark, or 140000 l. in lieu of them, and taking that King into this Treaty, according as the Hollander had engaged to the Dane, and paying the damages of the War, and giving reparation for all private injuries, (Amboyna-business being an ex∣press Article of it self, and the Massacrers to be punished if living) were usual and of course; save also that the Right of the Flag was acknowledged and Ar∣ticled to be given to the English in all Rencounters; and Mr. Thompson, Mr. Winslow, and Mr. Russel, and others of this side, were appointed Arbitrators of the said differences, and about the ships kept by the Dane.

Crom••el was the willinger to conclude this Peace, by reason of his new set∣tlement in the Throne; and the Dutch Friendship was very necessary for his establishment; besides, the Money was very welcome: both of them added repu∣tation to him, though the Wiser sort knew and discoursed that he might have brought the Dutch to any thing.* 5.13 The Peace, though now concluded, was not ratified and proclaimed till April, after the arrival of the Embassadors Newport and Youngstal, in March, towards the end of this year, when it was done with great Solemnity; especially the Dutch here were very magnificent in Treat∣ments, and Fireworks set up in the nature of Beacons in the Thames neer their House.

The Protector Dined in great State upon an Invitation from the Lord Mayor, &c. at Grocers-Hall, the eighth of February, being Ash-Wednesday, a very un∣suitable day for any Festival but his entertainment, who inverted all things, the streets being railed from Temple-Bar thither, the Liveries in their Gowns in their Gradual standings there: he was met at the said Gate by Alderman Vi∣ner the Lord Mayor, who delivered him the Sword there, and having received it from him back again, bore it on Horse-back before him all the way; through which the ••ame silence was kept, as if a Funeral had been en passant: and no doubt, it was that muteness which Tacitus mentioned in Tiberius, quale magn•• Ire vel magni Metus est silentium; no apprecations, or so much as a How do ye, being given during the whole Cavalcade.* 5.14 After Dinner, he was served with a Banquet, in the conclusion whereof he Knighted Alderman Viner, and would have done the same to the Recorder Steel, for his learned Speech of Govern∣ment,

calculated and measured for him; but he for some reasons avoided it; the Lord Mayor was forced to carry it home, and anger his Wife with it, who had real honour both in her Name and Nature. Oliver at his return had the second course of a Brick-bat,* 5.15 from the top of a House in the Strand by St. Clements, which light upon his Coach, and almost spoiled his digestion with the daring∣ness of the Affront. Search was made, but in vain; the person could not be found, and Vengeance was not yet from Heaven to rain upon him.

General Middleton now landed at Vney-Ferry in the Highlands with two Vessels from Holland, with the Lord Napier, Sir George Monro, Major-General Dalyel, Colonel Lod••wick Drummond, and some 200 more, in March, with some Arms, with a Commission to Command in chief all his Majesties Forces in that Kingdom, who under the Command of the Earls of Glencarn, Athol, Seaforth, and Kenmore, being followed and attended by Colonel Morgan, had marched up and down from Eglin into Ross, and had lately been met withal at Cromar, where they lost after a short dispute some 140 killed and taken; and pre∣sently the Garrison of Kildrumny the Lord of Athol's house rendered to Mor∣gan, and Colonel Cotterel was sent to follow the Enemy, whose purpose was to protract the War by running from place to place, and weary the English out with uncouth and weary marches, till Middleton came, whose additional strength signifying little, (besides the Kings Authority in so eminent a person and Of∣fice now amongst them) and General Monke being sent from London to com∣mand in chief there for Oliver,* 5.16 their condition was little better than before; Colonel Brayn being likewise ordered into the Highlands with 2000 Foot by Sea from Ireland, to surround them in on all sides, and hem them in to an En∣gagement.

* 5.17At home (prevention being Oliver's best State-physick) a Plot was started in February, and a great many committed to the Tower; the chief whereof were Colonel Sir Gilbert Gerrard,* 5.18 Colonel Iohn Gerrard his Brother, one Iones, and Tudor an Apothecary; and afterwards Somerset Fox, young Mr. Charles Ger∣rard another Brother; and lastly, Mr. Iohn and William Ashburnham, Mr. Vow∣el a School-master at Islington; the Earl of Oxford, Mr. Philip Porter, Mr. Finch, Mr. Wiseman, Mr. Bayly, and Sir Richard Willis, who to keep himself unsuspe∣cted of Intelligence, now and ever after, was sure to make one of the number of those in Custody. The Plot was said to be, by him that best understood it, to be an Assassinate upon Oliver's person, though most rationally refuted by those who were tried about it. Tuder attending his Examination at White-hall, pre∣tending to ease himself, escaped down the House of Office, and got away; but was afterwards retaken in Norfolk and re-committed, but never Arraigned. The rest of them were kept in custody, till a High Court of Iustice was erected of the old stamp to try them. This was one of the first acts of Cromwel's Tyranny, with which he exercised the Royal party throughout his Domination; and most necessary to his security, as a main principle of Government, according to the policy of such wretched Times.

* 5.19The Protector now sent his Son Henry Cromwel into Ireland, to shew him∣self there in State against his approaching Viceroy-ship there; whence the Lord Broghil, and Colonel Rich. Coot were sent with Addresses to him from that Kingdom, the like about the same time from Coventry, being a most zealous Complement. General Monke was likewise sent as aforesaid into Scotland; so that he had made sure of the three Nations: and that no Enemy of his might remain in any place of Trust,* 5.20 Command, or Judicature, the Chancellorship of the Dutchy of Lancashire was taken from Bradshaw, and by Ordinance trans∣ferred to Thomas Fell, and the Seal likewise given him: yet Richard Bradshaw was graced with the Title of Oliver's Resident at Hamburgh, as he was before, because there were no Candidates for the place. The Lord Embassador Whit∣lock likewise owned Him to the Queen of Sweden,* 5.21 with the Title of His most Serene Highness my Master; having staid there all that Winter to conclude that Treaty, which depended upon the Dutch here, and was made up after, for

the Swede would be governed solely by that; the Agent or Embassador of the Country of Switzerland, Myn Here Stockhart, to whom the Umpirage between the Dutch and the English was committed, took leave of his said Highness, and departed by the way of Holland, where he proffered his Superiours best endeavour between them both. Monsieur Burdeaux appeared in March,* 5.22 in the quality of an Embassador in Ordinary to the Protector, and Sir Anthony Ashly Cooper, Colonel Sydenham, and Mr. Strickland, were appointed Commissioners to confer with him. In such a fair way was Cromwel already of fixing his Soveraignty, and being accepted for a Prince abroad and at home; but as the French insinuated into his Friendship, the Spaniard abated in it, and Mazarine was the onely Privado and confident Friend. An Ordinance passed for continu∣ance of the Imposition on Sea-coal for the use of the Navy.

The year ends with another Ordinance for the tryal and approbation of Ministers, wherein Philip Nye,* 5.23 Goodwyn, Hugh Peters, Mr. Manton and others, were named Commissioners. The Question these men put to the Examinants, was not of abilities or Learning, but Grace in their Hearts; and that with so bold and saucy inquisition, that some mens Spirits trembled at their interroga∣tories; they phrasing it so, as if (as was said of the Council of Trent) they had the Holy Ghost in a Cloak-bag, or were rather Simon Magus his own Disciples: and certainly there were never such Simoniacks in the World; not a Living of value, but what a Friend or the best Purchaser was admitted into, to which Humane Learning (even where a former Right was) was a good and suffi∣cient Bar; no less to the Ruine than the Scandal of the Church of England, and the Protestant Religion and professors thereof: several ignorant bold Laicks being inducted into the best Spiritualities, as best consisted with Oliver's Interest, which depended upon the Sectaries, and their hideous divisions in Reli∣gion.

Anno Dom. 1654.

HAving thus described the Foundation of this Stratocracy or Army-power, we shall not be obliged to any tedious survey of the superstructure, which was onely for shew, and of little duration, supported with temporary shifting Props in every emergency; for this great one rather inhabited a Labyrinth, than a Court; which shewed much variety of Art, but like a House of Cards was ready to be whelmed over his Head with every gust of adverse Fortune: a cross Restive Government he had of it, and was never able to keep it in the right Road, and true way of policy. And so we proceed in a brief account of State-Oc∣currences.

The 6 of April came forth an Ordinance settling Commissioners for Proba∣tion of Wills, and Administrations, &c. by want of which power, there having been no settled Judge of the Prerogative-Court, (whose Name abolished the thing) very great and many inconveniencies had happened to the Nation. A∣nother Ordinance prohibited Cock-matches,* 5.24 and Horse-races, and all such con∣fluxes or meetings of people: for a Plot was now a hatching at White-hall, and this was the first overt-signe of it. Next, the Commission of the Great Seal was altered, and Whitlock, Lisle, and Sir Thomas Widdrington were made Com∣missioners. A Prohibition by another Ordinance to the Committee at Salters Hall concerning Prisoners,* 5.25 which were selling of Estates, though never so bar∣red by Law, to satisfie the Creditors; which would have made a quick confusion of Propriety:* 5.26 And the Dutch Peace (the charge of the War being now paid by that State, according to private agreement of the sum) was fully concluded, and in April Proclaimed. A Quaking Prophetess, named Hannah Trapnel,

a forerunner of Iames Naylor, now appeared, who reported her Visions and Raptures, and was attended by several of the Grandees of the male-contented party, as Carew and others: the most of her delusions she acted in the Counties of Devonshire and Cornwal, till she was with some of her Partizans secured in Prison.

The Scotch Affairs were reputed finished, as to any War, though the Bustle yet so held and encreased in the Highlands, that the spoils of the Conquest were now set out, and made accomptable to the Victor. The Lords Estates and Hereditaments of the Scotch Nobility and Gentry who Invaded England under Duke Hamilton, and came in with the King to Worcester, and were yet in Arms,* 5.27 were ordered to be sold; and to that purpose were invested in the Trust of Sir William Hope, Lockhart, Sir Richard Saltonstall, Lieutenant-Colonel Wilks, and others, and were actually seized into their hands; and the rest of them were Fined in several sums of Money, to be paid within six Months; some 2000 l. some 5000 l. some few 10000 l. but none under 1000 l. amounting to a greater mass of silver than Scotland was worth in ready Cash▪ so that those who were compell'd to obey, (though many complemental and humble ap∣plications and addresses (as is customary to that Nation) were made for miti∣gation) were forced to take up Money at unreasonable Interest; which rose at last by the like occasions to 30 in the hundred. An Ordinance passed with this, for uniting of Scotland into one Commonwealth with England, (it seems the Act of Parliament to the same purpose was not sufficient) and the Arms there∣of ordered to be quartered, as were the Irish, with our Cross and Harp; and Oliver's Lion Sal••ant was placed in the middle, which is as good Herauldry as this Escutcheon deserves: That Kingdom by vertue thereof to be charged no otherwise in Assessments and Tax, than proportionably to England, and to pay no greater Excise, &c. An Ordinance likewise for mending and repairing Highways and Bridges which the War had spoiled, and were yet every where unrepaired: a very necessary and good work for the benefit of the Nation; no Waggon being suffered thereafter to travel with above five Horses, nor six Oxen and one Horse; and care was taken likewise about the shodding of the Wheels. General Monke arrives in Scotland,* 5.28 and Proclaims Oliver in great state at Eden∣burgh; and Arguile plainly and openly sides with the English, and foments di∣visions among the Scots; his Son the Lord Lorn departing in a discontent and quarrel from the Earl of Glencarn, and returning to the old Fox his Father. The French King Crowned at Rheims, having been declared Major, and our Soveraign invited to the Solemnity, while the Intrigues of Mazarine were dri∣ving a conclusion of peace with Cromwel.

The Designe now appeared, which Oliver had hatched for some while, and had laboured by his treacherous Agents to mature to something: therefore first of all, a general search is made throughout London for Cavaliers; and thereupon Colonel Iohn Gerrard, as before, Mr. Vowel, and Somerset Fox, were brought be∣fore the High Court of Iustice,* 5.29 Proclaimed the 13▪ and sitting the 31 of Iune: in which interval they had prepared their business, and provided Witnesses, and drew up the Charge. After twice or thrice Conventing of the aforesaid Gentlemen, an Accusation was brought of their intention to assassinate the Pro∣tector, with one Major Henshaw and others fled; to the proof whereof, they produced young Mr. Charles Gerrard against his Brother, as also one Wiseman, and one Mr. Hudson a blinde Minister (whose Brother was that eminent per∣son who accompanied and guarded the late King in his flight from Oxford) that had been cherished by Mr. Vowel, against him; who yet retracted from his Examination, and could not be brought by the threats of the Court to make it good, and yet they made it valid: Somerset Fox (as he was instructed before) by promise of Life confessing the Guilt, (thereby involving the other two in∣nocent Gentlemen) and craving mercy. It availed not them to deny this Charge, though never so much reason and strength of argument on their side: Lisle the President summing up the prejudiced suffrages of the Court,* 5.30 gave Sen∣tence

of Hanging, which was Executed Iuly the 10, on Mr. Vowel at Charing-Cross, where with a Roman Spirit, tempered with Christian Patience, he suffer∣ed his Martyrdom, off from a Stool ••etcht from the Guard, the adjacent Neigh∣bours refusing to lend any thing to his Death, the Executioner having his Lad∣der not in readiness.* 5.31 Colonel Gerrard was Beheaded on Tower-hill, who ex∣presly denied the intention of the Fact; and from this reason, because he thought it might be far from the honour and great minde of the King (whose in∣junction this was said to be) to consult any such thing, though by the like practi∣ses his Father, lost his Life; and that he feared he should not die right in his Fa∣vour, for being suspected of such a thing: and then most courageously stooped to the Block.

With him upon the same Scaffold suffered the Portugal Embassador's Brother, (then Residing with Oliver) by Name Don P••ntaleon-Sa•••• He had a while be∣fore made a Riot in the New-Exchange, upon conceit of an Affront or some scorn cast upon him there, and killed one Greenway a Gentleman standing qui∣etly at a Stall,* 5.32 no opposition being made but by this Colonel Gerrard, who was now fatally joyned with him in Death. The Murther was Committed by a Knight of Maltha, who escaped; but this Nobleman and four more of the Embassador's Servants, among whom was an Irish youth, were arraigned before Chief-Justice Rolls, Sir Henry Blunt, and Recorder Steel, Tichburn and others, joyned in a Commission of Oyer and Terminer, and Tried by a party-Jury of English and Forrainers, as of custom: and though he at first refused to Plead, alledging his Quality, he was at last Convicted and Condemned. He had made an Escape by the civil industry of the Lady Philip Mohun, and attempted it a∣gain; but was retaken, and now Beheaded. After the Priests and he had prayed upon the Scaffold, he shewed some little aversion of D••ath; but whether out of anger or fear, is uncertain; the people and spectators shewing different passions at the fall of both these Victimes to crafty Tyranny and impartial Ju∣stice. This was done upon the King of Portugal's order, to whom the cause and Execution of Justice in his own Kingdom was first remitted. The Embas∣sador soon after the conclusion of a Peace disconsolately departed. The Irish Youth suffered at Tyburn; the rest were Reprieved, and afterwards Relea∣sed.

In the same month a ship on Southwark-side took accidental Fire as she lay at Anchor,* 5.33 which being cut away, the ship (as Providence would have it) was driven by the flowing Tide upon a Shelf neer the Bridge, where she stuck, and blew up her powder. There were 8 persons killed▪ one a Draper upon his Leads on the Bridge, by a Plank of the said ship; and had the blow been any nigher, it would have broke that famous Pile. Another ship neer the same time fired in Fresh-wharf, neer the Bridge likewise: and generally there were many and very sad Conflagrations that attended this Boutefeu and his Usur∣pation; and as memorable unruly accidents ended it, as by the sequel will appear.

We will now cursorily run over the Highland-War of Scotland,* 5.34 where not∣withstanding those many divisions and animosities concerning Command that were between the Commanders in this Scotch Army, the Earl of Glencarn sto∣macking the supream Command to be conferred upon General Middleton, which was thought the best expedient to unite all Divisions amongst them, the said Royal Party was yet re-inforced to the number of 3 or 4000 men, whom both General Monke and Colonel Morgan (in distinct Bodies and several ways) at∣tended: Morgan was about Loughaber and Lo••ghness, in the Western Highlands, about Arguile's Country, and keeping close at the Heels of them; who ever and anon took over the Mountains and gave them the slip: for it was by no means advised to venture an Encounter, but tire their Enemy out; and nothing but in∣vincible patience and resolution could have endured it: For be••ides the want of Provisions in that scarce, barren Country, against which the Souldiers were ar∣med onely with Bread and Cheese, which they eat 20 days together, that Na∣ture

could hardly discharge it self: the Ways were most times so abrupt, that hardly more than one could go abreast; and over the Hills if a Horse-Foot slipt, men were in danger of breaking their Necks down the Precipices, and Horse and Man sure to be lost: no Quarter to be had but in the Glens; and great hap∣piness was it counted to meet with them and fresh Water, neer which to pitch Tents; the General chearfully undergoing the same necessities. After much Traversing these difficult ways, which were notwithstanding easie (as usual) to the Highlander, it was the Fortune of Colonel Morgan to light upon Gene∣ral Middleton neer Badgenoth, at one of those narrow Passes, now proving in∣commodious to the Natives themselves; for they could neither well fight nor re∣treat, so that they Engaged in no order nor figure; and after a short Medly or Tumult, rather than Battle, were forced to flie: the General endeavouring what he could to resist his misfortune, was so neer being taken, that he lost his Commission and Instructions, and one of his rich Coats, with a Sumpter-horse. This happened on the 19 of Iuly, and was the total defeat and suppression of that War:* 5.35 For immediately the Earl of Glencarn with 500 men submitted, at Dumbarton; and though there happened some puny Skirmishes afterwards, as the defeating of a party of the Earl of Athol, Captain Elsmores taking of Sir Arthur Forbes, and routing of Mac Naughton at Glenlyon, and Captain Lisle with a party from Colonel Cobbet Governour of Dundee defeated the Earl of Kinoule, and took him (and the Lord Diddup, and Lieutenant-Colonel Mer∣cer) Prisoner, who was returned now to Edenburgh-Castle, and the young Marquess of Montross routed by Blair-Castle; yet Submissions and Treaties spent most of the time that the Lord Middleton with the Earl of Seaforth staid in Scotland, who now with a small party of the Clans were in Catheness; the Lords Forrester and Kenmore, the Earl of Athol and Marquess of Montross capi∣tulated, desiring onely the Terms (and mitigation of Fines) the Earl of Glen∣carn had at his Rendition at Dumbarton-Castle. Lorn now flew again into Arms, (to colour those late Treacheries and Treasons he now underhand managed for Cromwel) and joyned with Mac Naughton, who had surprized Colonel Brayn and Captain Nichols Governour of Inner••ra-Castle, as they, thinking themselves secure in the Confines of the Lowlands, had dismiss'd their Convoy, and made his Terms by that lucky surprize to his advantage. Generally the No∣ble General Monke gave very obliging Conditions, and so did Twisleton and Mor∣gan, by his order, to those that capitulated with them, and shewed all the fa∣vour that could be expected in point of Fines and Forfeitures; which firmly ob∣liged the Nobles and Gentry to him for the future; (which no doubt he had then principally in his Eye) and also invited General Middleton and the Earl of Seaforth to enter into Treaty with him; which was managed and in a man∣ner concluded by Major-General Drummond; but rescinded by Middleton, as was alledged here, because of the English insistency upon the former Fines and Se∣curity; but judged as proceeding from a principle of Honour and Right, since this departure of the King's Lieutenant with Conditions obtained from the E∣nemy, might be construed a Cession of that Kingdom to the Usurper, as the Lord Ormond with great Punctilio given him a very noble Precedent. He departed not till the beginning of the next year; and Glengary had the honour (for Mac Cloud and Mac Eldow had Articled some time before) to render the last Arms that were taken up for his Majesty in that Ki••gdom.* 5.36 And so we dismiss that War with this valedictory Elogie to both those honourable Gene∣rals; the one of them just ceased his indefatigable industry for the Recovery of the Kings Rights, and had a Royal Conge and Writ of Emeri••us est; and the other like an Altern Luminary, began, or rather renewed his auspicious aspect upon the Kings Restitution; so that the brightness of the Majesty of Scotland was never totally obscured; and long may they now shine together, without diminution to each others lustre, in this glorious Firmament of his Ma∣jesties present and perpetual Empire.

In England, the French Embassadors prosecuted the Treaty am••in, and with

very great secrecy: but some mistake happening in point of civility and cere∣mony by Monsieur de Baas, Bourdeaux's Colleague, he returned into France to meet a report of his carriage at Paris; from whence upon timely overture of the proceedings in that affair, our Soveraign withdrew, and departed to the Spaw by Leige,* 5.37 where he was magnificently treated by that City; and so onward in his journey to meet the Princess of Aurange his Sister, who had left her Son the Prince in Holland, where the divisions about his being Stadtholder were as high as ever; and to help them forward, Cromwel writ to the States of Zealand, to perswade them to the Holland-resolution: which the Towns of Campen and Swol had so far withstood, as to accept and Swear Prince William of Frizeland to be their Stadtholder, during the minority of the Prince of Aurange, which was 19 years, or till he should be capable of the Government. The Duke of York was to have Commanded as Lieutenant-General of the French Army in Italy; but this unhandsome Peace disobliged his better-deserving and victorious Arms, and turned them afterward against such thankless and regardless Rela∣tions: he continued yet nevertheless at Paris till after the said Treaty was con∣cluded, and then took his Farewel of that unkinde and politick Court. Prince Rupert was now at Vienna, where he was highly Complemented and presented by the Emperour, and from thence came back to Heydelberg.

Prince Cromwel,* 5.38 who was now wholly out of action, having laid his Scene in the Counties and Boroughs for Elections to the ensuing Parliament, gave him∣self and the Town a little recreation. It happened on a Friday in Iuly, that desirous to divert himself with driving of his Coach and six Horses in Hide-park, with his Secretary Thurloe in it, like Mephistophilus and Doctor Faustus ca∣reering it in the Air, to try how he could govern Horses, since Rational Crea∣tures were so unruly and difficult to be reined; like another Phaeton he fell in the Experiment from the Coach-box, which was presently posted into the City, and many ominous and true Conjectures made of his certain Catastro••ph••; one of the ingenious Songs on the occasion ending in this presagio•••• Rythme.

Every Day and Hour hath shew'd us his power, But now he hath shew'd us his Art.* 5.39 His first Reproach, was a fall from a Coach, His next will be from a Cart.

According to the late Instrument of Government of 42 Strings or Articles,* 5.40 one whereof was, that a Parliament should be call••d every three years, the first the third of September next; He accordingly Issued out his Writs, the Election to be made one and the same day throughout England: most of the Boroughs had but one Burgess, and the Shires some of them six or seven Knights; all of them under sure qualifications of not having been or being of the Cavalier-party: There were 30 also by the Instrument Elected for Scotland, and as ma∣ny for Ireland; all or most of whom were English Commanders. On the third of September they met, and adjourned from the House to the Abbey, where Mr. Marshal Preached; and so to the Painted Chamber, where they had a Mes∣sage from the Protector to invite them to a Sermon the next day again, when Dr. Goodwyn Preached; and the Protector came in great State in his Coach; Cleypole the Master of his Horse, and Strickland the Captain of his Guard, bare-headed on both sides. At his entrance into the Church, Lambert carried the Sword before him, and Whitlock the Purse. The Sermon done, to the Painted Chamber again, and there in a Speech he set forth these Heads:

That some few years ago none would have thought of such a Door of Hope;* 6.1 that he knew there were yet many Humours and Interests, and that Humours were above Interest; that the condition of England was like Israel in the Wilderness, (of which the Sermon was) that this was a Healing day: there was neither Nobleman,

nor Gentleman, nor Yeoman before known by any distinction; we had not any that bore Rule or Authority, but a great Contempt of Magistracy and Christ's Ordinan∣ces: That the Fifth-Monarchy was highly cried up by persons who would Assume the Government, but that desired thing wanted greater manifestation than appeared for such men to change the Authority by. (And this directed at the late Parlia∣ment.) He desired this Honourable Assembly to remedy all these Disorders; shewed that the Wars with Portugal, French, and Dutch, do and did eat up the Assess∣ments; that swarms of Iesuits are crept in to make Divisions, which were grown so wide, that nothing but his Government could remedy them; and let men say what they will, he could speak it with comfort before a greater than any of them. Then he shewed what he had done during his Government. First, his endeavour of Reforming the Laws, having joyned all parties to assist in that great Work: Next, his filling the Benches with the ablest Lawyers: Then, his Regulation of the Court of Chan∣cery, and his Darling-Ordinance for approbation of Ministers, (which hindred all that list from invading the Ministry) by men of both perswasions, Presbyterians and Independents, &c. And lastly, his being Instrumental to call a Free Parliament, which he valued, and would keep it so above his life.

Then he shewed the advantages of the Peace with Dutch, Dane, and Swede, and the Protestant Interest, which he would have them improve and intend chiefly: That they were now upon the edge of Canaan: That he spake not as their Lord, but their Fellow-servant. And then bad them go and chuse their Speak••r; which they did without presenting of him, his Name William Lenthal, the old Chair-man▪ and next day fell upon the Instrument, as they had Voted, by Parts as it lay, and que∣stioned the Power: which Oliver understanding, to put them out of that Course, which touched his Copy-hold, after 9 days he came to the Painted Chamber, and sending for them, declared and asserted four Fundamentals in the Instrument, which they were not to meddle with or to alter. 1. The Government by a Single person and Parliament. 2. The Imperpetuity of Parliaments, or continued Succession. ••▪ The Militia, which was his onely. And 4. Liberty of Conscience. And that a Free Parliament was but a reciprocation; for that power which made him a Pro∣tector, made them a Parliament; and therefore was very sorry they should go about to destroy the Settlement; which to prevent, and cease such Debates, (though he denied any Negative Voice) he was necessitated to appoint a T••st or Recognition of the Government as it was established (by every Member) before they sate in the House again.

This bogled at the first three quarters of them, especially the Common∣wealths-men, and those of the late Long Parliament; so that of four hundred and odd, there appeared but two hundred; but were made up at last three hun∣dred, for the old ones would not be baulked so, and fell afr••sh upon the same dispu••es, and ran out all the Articles, resolving to put the whole judgement of the House upon them into one entire Bill, and so present it; but in truth to spin out time, and work upon the Protector's occasions for Money, which was pro∣posed in the House, and coldly and slowly considered.

* 6.2Just at their sitting down, the Protector published several Ordinances; which being passed, and bore date before, were to pass as Authentick as Acts by the In∣strument: one for paying the Money into the Trea••••••y that was raised for the propagation of the Gospel in Wales; another for making Souldiers free of all Corporations, and to exercise any Trades; another to turn out all honest men under the notion of scandalous Preachers and Ministers, Common-Prayer be∣ing their chiefest imputation; and a fourth to survey Kings Lands, &c. and for doubling upon Deans and Chapters; which sales those many changes of Power had much retarded and depretiated. The more occult cause of the publi∣cation of these Ordinances, was to let the Parliament understand that Oli∣ver took his Instrument to be in a good Case, and sufficiently warranted al∣ready.

Amidst these Jars and discords about it, the Serpentine Charms of Cardinal

Mazarine had lulled the Protector in an imaginable Dream of the worlds Wealth, and rich Empire of America,* 6.3 to divert his neer designes upon the neighbourhood of France; to which War he was the rather enclined, from the near allyance of this Crown to that, and having excluded its Interest in Holland, to drive it out of that Kingdom: But the policy of the Cardinal so outreached that de∣signe, that it extended his thoughts to the other World, giving him the fruition of Great Alexander's Wish. This complot between them, which of the Spa∣nish and English side very much conduced to the French, was most pertinaci∣ously secreted to the very time of publick Hostility in those American parts, though it was guessed at, and the noise of Hispaniola was very rife in discourse about this time. The Protector began to Arm for the expedition, in November and December, 2000 men, old Royalists, and reduced necessitated persons ma∣king up the gross of the Army; to which some Red-coats for the more terrour and assurance were added, being drawn by Lot out of the several Regiments. The Command of the Land-service was conferred upon Colonel, now General Venables, a confident of Cromwels, who very unmanly carried his Wife with him; and General Pen for Sea, who at the end of December was ready at Ports∣mouth, where attended Colonel Hayns Major-General of the Army, and depar∣ted first with the Rear-Admiral Blag for Barbadoes, and was followed soon after by the whole Fleet, who had on board Commissioners for managing the Treasure that was expected from the Mountains of Gold; which Publicans, like Achans in the Camp, were one chief cause of the successlessness of this Indian War. On the 29 of Ianuary following, the whole Fleet arrived, after a good and speedy passage, at Carlisle-Bay, in the Isle of Barbadoes, all except the two Charities, which were driven by Weather into Ireland, putting out to Sea after the Fleet, and were much wanted, the Horses for the service being aboard them; and here for a while we leave them.

The Parliament after they had chawed upon the Recognition, and voted it not to b•• taken as absolute in every point of the Instrument, limited it onely to the Single person, and successive Parliaments; and continued their debates as high as ever,* 6.4 resolving themselves into a Grand Committee, to examine every particle of it; another to hear and examine the Case of the Lord Craven, and Sir Iohn Stawel, and to give redress to them, (for there were abundance of good Patriots in the House, and who were resolved to do their Country ser∣vice.) The Cases were accordingly heard; Mr. Serjeant Maynard of Counsel with the Lord Craven, and Latch for the Purchasers; who argued it very hard: but before a Report could be made, which was in favour of his Lordship, Crom∣wel terminated his hopes, (and it was in vain to look for remedy from him, for that would deter all future Purchasers) and the Parliaments sitting; for he had never heard from them since their coming thither; telling them after many good morrows, of a designe of the common Enemy, (to whose hands it was then agreed by some of themselves whom he could discover, to deliver the Cause, and the good people, &c.) and so they parted. Cromwel spake not without book; for at that time he held good intellig••nce with one Manning, one of the Clerks belonging to the Secretary with the King now at Colen, where he was most amply, and with more than customary honours welcomed from the Spaw and Aken in Germany. From Colen the King to convey his Sister in∣to Holland, brought her on h••r way to Dusseldorp, to the Duke of Newburgh, where they were no less sumptuously treated; thence the King journeyed with the Princess as ••ar as Benningen on the way, and returned to Hunt with the said Duke,* 6.5 the King's Cordial and most Noble Friend. At his return to Colen, the Marquess of Ormond had conducted and brought away the Duke of Glou∣cester from the Jesuits Colledge at Paris, who with the Queen-Mother (that sent the Marquess of Praslin, and the Lord Abbot Mountague, to perswade him him to stay, and not to displease his Mother, but follow her advice, which was to have him trained up in the Romish Religion) laboured to that purpose: but the young Prince understanding his Brothers pleasure, answered according

as his blessed Father had enjoyned him, That he was to obey his Soveraign before his Mother: and so came away with the Marquess to the King.

General Blake was in the interim set to Sea for the Streights, and it was given out to intercept the Duke of Guise, who was then going to invade the Kingdom of Naples; but he was landed 14 days before he came to that Coast, though he might have prevented him if he had had such Commission; but the League was certainly struck betwixt the Cardinal and Protector, however they v••nted such talk to amuse the Spaniard; for every day there was news of a Rupture and an Embargo in France; and the Cardinals Regiment was in good ••arnest drawn down to the Sea-side by Deip, on purpose to countenance these rumours. Blake from Naples came into Leghorn-road, and demanded 150000 l. damages, for what we sustained in the Fight with Van Galen; but what satis∣faction he received, is uncertain. From whence he sailed for Algiers, being met at Sea by De Wit the Dutch Vice-Admiral, and saluted with extraordinary re∣spect, and civilly treated as yet by the Spaniards themselves, as also at Lisbon by that King. At Naples they would have invited him on shore; but the wa∣ry Commander excused himself by Command from the Protector not to leave his Charge;* 6.6 in which we shall at present leave him.

* 6.7On the 18 of November died (the unhappy Parent of this Usurper) His aged Mother, who lived to see her Son through such a Deluge of Blood swim to a perplexed Throne, in the best share of whose greatness she was concerned, as to the Princely accommodation of her maintenance in Life, and burial in Death; being laid in Henry the seventh's Chappel in great state. On the first of De∣cember following,* 6.8 died that most Famous and Learned Antiquary Mr. Iohn Selden, a person of such worth and Use, that no Learned Eye could refrain a tear upon the consideration of Death, and its rude indifferencing hand, which mingled the Dust of this great Restorer, with the putrid Rottenness of her, that was the Womb to this Destroyer.

* 6.9In Ireland all things continued very quiet, Fleetwood being sworn Lord-De∣puty, Steel made Lord-Chancellour of that Kingdom, and Pepys Lord-Chief-Justice; and Corbet, Goodwyn, Thomlinson, and Colonel Robert Hammond of the Council: by whom the Transplantation was so prosecuted, that the first of March was the longest day of respit, upon very severe penalties. In the mean while this new Deputy and Council, till the arrival of Steel, diverted themselves in Progress through the Kingdom. In Ianuary arrived at London an Embas∣sador, the Marquess Hugh Fiesco, from the State of Genoa, and was splendidly received and dismissed.

* 6.10The effects of this Parliament-rupture, encouraged two most opposite par∣ties to conspire against the Protector, the Fifth-Monarchists and Cavaliers; (for as to the Commonwealth, having once lost their Army, they were miserably inconsiderable, and the Herd of the Rebellious multitude followed any thing that could continue it in what form soever.) A Monarchy was sought on by all hands; the true Royal party (for we must so distinguish it) longed for their rightful Soveraign Charles the Second; the Fifth-Monarchy expected King Iesus; the Courtiers and those engaged by them or with them with Cromwel himself, desired King Oliver: and every of these manifested much im∣patience▪ but none o•• them could attain their Wishes; and when Oliver might afterwards, he durst not. The Protector was no way ignorant of this, and therefore he resolved to deal with the weakest first, which yet by underminings was more dangerous than the other. The Army was corrupted by that Mille∣nary Principle, and that was to be purged; so that as Harrison and Rich had been laid aside, and not long after committed with Carew and Courtney into several remote Castles:* 6.11 so now General Monke had order to seize Major-Gene∣ral Overton, and the Majors Bramston and Holms, and other Officers, and Ca∣shire them, after Fines and good Security for their Behaviour. Overton was sent up to the Tower, and his Regiment conferred on Colonel Morgan. Colo∣nel Okey's Regiment was likewise taken from him, and given to the Lord

Howard; and so the danger from the Army was quickly supprest. Cornet (but since Colonel) Ioyce was likewise male-content at this change, and signi∣fied so much to Cromwel's Face, whom he upbraided with his own service, and his faithlesness; but escaped any other Censure than a bidding him be gone; Crom∣wel well knowing him to be one of those mad-men that would say or do any thing they were bid.

But the Royalists designe was of a more potent combination,* 6.12 and had been truly formidable, had it not by Treachery and Treason been revealed to the Protector, who came by that means to know the rise, progress, and first appea∣rance of those Arms against him; and this was Manning's perfidy, which the King too late discovered. All the Gentlemen in-England of that party were one way or other engaged, or at least were made acquainted with it; but the snatching of the principal of them up throughout the Kingdom a little before the Execution of it, frustrated the most probable effects of that Rising.

The Lord Mayor, &c. of the City of London was likewise sent ••or, and in∣formed of it, and the Militia established; Skippon being made their Major-General there: several persons under the character of dissolute persons were seized by vertue of a Proclamation to that effect; as also all Horse-races were forbidden; Counterplots were used, and all sorts of Ammunition were sent down to several Gentlemens Houses with Letters unsubscribed, and the said Gentlemen upon receipt secured, and brought up Prisoners, to bear company with the old standers of that party; and a Ship-chandler, one Frese, and a Merchant or two trepan'd this way:* 6.13 Sir Ralph Vernon of Derby-shire, an old Royalist, was Committed, and Examined before Oliver, concerning a Trunk of Pistols, and who sent them: Who resolutely answered, His Self; which so dasht him, that he was without one word more dismist, but not from his Imprison∣ment.

Notwithstanding all these discouragements and warnings to give over, the Western Association thought themselves in Honour engaged to rise upon the day which they had agreed upon with one another in the other parts,* 6.14 and had notified to the King, who was now removed from Colen, and absconded himself neer the Sea-coast, upon the first success of the Affair to be ready to pass over to his Friends. Accordingly on the 11 of March, being Monday, (very early in the Morning) a party of 100 under the Command of Sir Ioseph Wagstaff,* 6.15 Colonel Penruddock and Grove, entred the City of Salisbury, (at which time the Judges Rolls and Nichols were there in Circuit) and seized all their Horses; and having declared the cause of this appearance (without any further injury or medling with any Money which lay in the Chambers of Serjeant Maynard and other Lawyers) departed, promising to return and break their Fast with the Judges Provisions; which they did, and encreased their number to 400; and had they returned once more, the whole City had risen with them. Thence they marched to Blandford, where Colonel Penruddock himself Proclaimed the the King in the Market-place,* 6.16 and so marched Westward; Captain Butler with two Troops of Cromwel's Horse keeping at a distance in their Rear, to give them opportunity of encreasing; but, by the means aforesaid, very few came in; which made a great many more slink away from the party, when they saw no hopes of that great number promised and expected. But the Noble Penruddock resol∣ved yet to try what could be done in Devonshire and Cornwal: and as to him, it was all one whether he retreated or went forward, for he was engaged too far already. In this condition some 100 of the most faithful and cordial of the party, Hungry, Sleepy, and Weary, having staid no where, reached South∣molton in Devonshire, hoping at worst to get away by Sea; but that night, on the 15 of March, their Quarters were beaten up by Captain Crook, about ten a clock,* 6.17 and some Houses forced: but Colonel Penruddock maintained his quar∣ters till he had Quarter promised, and Articled; which Crook afterwards un∣worthily and basely denied. There were taken with him Colonel Iones a Kins∣man of Cromwel's, and Colonel Grove an old Royalist, and some 60 other Priso∣ners,

and 120 Horse, Sir Ioseph Wagstaff,* 6.18 Mr. Robert Mason, Esquire Clark, and Mr. Thomas Mompesson escaped beyond Sea; and so this unhappy effort was suppressed. There were some shadows of the like at Rufford-Abbey in Nottinghamshire, at Hessen-moor in York-shire, neer Wrexham in Montgomery, in Northumberland; for which some were Executed; and a like rumour of a de∣signe upon Shrewsbury, (Sir Henry Slingsby in Custody, and Sir Richard Maleverer and Mr. Hutton taken, who fled for it, and were retaken at Chester, from whence they made a final escape) and Sir Thomas Harris and the Lord Newport secured ther••upon; but all vanished and came to nothing, and those mighty and pregnant hopes of the King's Restitution, now in every mans Mouth and Wish proved frustraneous hac vice; and Oliver very prajeant that he could thus over-reach the King in his own Designes.

This Treason came to be discovered to the King in this manner: Some Gen∣tlemen that were seized upon their coming home, having visited his Majesty at Colen, who was pleased upon their parting to go to the Stairs head with them, and expressed some good apprecations of a designe, which at their Examina∣tion were verbatim interrogated, if they were not spoken at such a time: Ad∣vice hereof was given to the King, who remembring none but Colonel Tuk•• and this Manning, who light the Candle, to be present at the parting the same time, declared the whole matter to the Colonel, who surprized with the news, having protested his Innocency, by the Kings command went directly to Man∣ning's Chamber, and not staying the opening of the Door, forced it, and found him a chawing of Papers, and a Packet by him newly come from Thurloe; but so agast, that he knew not what to say: His Father had been slain a Colonel in the Kings Service, as is afore related; he himself had been the Earl of Pem∣broke's Secretary; and for these considerations admitted into this Trust, which he so basely abused. At the instance of the whole Court, the King was prevailed upon to let him be shot in one of the Castles of the Duke of Newburgh,* 6.19 (to terrifie all other faithless and disloyal Servants, and to satisfie for some of that Blood Cromwel had spilt upon the score of his Per••idy) where he wretchedly and most abjectly died.

Cromwel had drawn 4000 Foot out of Ireland, under Colonel Axtel and Sadler, and 600 Horse were marching out of Scotland, two Troops whereof came from Ireland by that short cut of Sea to Ayre; but upon the quelling of this Western-rising they all were remanded. In February happened another terrible Fire in Fleet-street,* 6.20 neer the Horn-Tavern, which begun in a Grocers house, and consumed eleven more; the like happened at Aberfoyle in Scotland; but far greater for quantity. Major Wildman, a great Leveller, was taken neer Marleborough inditing Declarations against the Protector, and was committed to Chepstow; and the Lord Gray of Grooby was brought Prisoner to Leicester;* 6.21 but upon application made to Oliver not long after released. Lockhart (one of the Scotch Judges) Married Oliver's Niece about this time, and grew famous thereby in the process of the Rebellion. The regulation of Chancery and Hackney-Coaches took force now.* 6.22 Another horrible Fire in Thredneedle-street, to the loss of 200000 l. and upwards. One Harris (that was Hanged afterwards in 1661. for Counterfeiting the Lord Chancellor Hide's Hand, and breaking of a house therewith by armed Souldiers,* 6.23 and was one of those that carried a Javelin at the Kings Martyrdome) about this time Cheated one Man∣ton and other Merchants with a counterfeit License, (as from Cromwel) for Importing some Oyls and Whalebone from Holland,* 6.24 which were forbidden by the Act, and got neer 1000 l. of them. Commissary-General Reynolds was made a kinde of Major-General of North-Wales; which Module obtained all over England soon after; but this was the proto-type.

* 6.25The insensible and u••regarded growth of all Heresie and Errour, in this licen∣tious Toleration which invaded the Church, among many other most pernicious Tenets besides, &c. made the Socinian to pass unobserved in this Chronicle, since it would have been an Augean labour to cleanse the Current of time from that

Sink and Colluvious Filth of those Monstrous Opinions. Upon this score, the Racovian-Catechism, its divulgation, and the suppression of it by the Ececutio∣ner's Hands in the Fire, came to be omitted in the year preceding: As like∣wise Biddle the famous Seducer and Teacher of those Blasphemous Principles,* 6.26 who was by this Dumb Parliament (as Oliver called it) committed to the Gate-house, and thence sent to a remote Prison, and his Books Burnt in the same manner, (besides the Englishing of the Alchoran, and the three Grand Impostors damned for shame) mist his due observation,* 6.27 which therefore are here added in the close of this year.

Anno Dom. 1655.

THe Cabal of Cardinal Mazarine and Cromwel's designe was now visible in the West-Indies, and that formidable and amusing Expedition displayed to those parts of the World: The rich Conceits the Usurper cherished from thence, appeared in those frequent divertisements he gave himself beyond his usual re∣servedness, and from that more than ordinary Pomp and State he arrogated to himself, like another Grand Seignior: nothing but Golden Smiles to be seen in his Court, where the solemn Cringe and the parasitical Glaver were as much now studied, to humour this Greatness, as matriculating and introducing Piety, and austere Hypocrisie. And never was such a strange mixture in the Arts of any Courtier as these Times beheld, much like the mysteries of the as strange∣ly framed and tempered Government. With much impatience did all men indeed await the issue of this grand Affair; and to be certain, the Hours could not be less tedious to them, to whom belonged the approaching Golden Age: but Parturiunt montes, — The following abstract will admonish the great ones, that Fortune is not to be over-tempted; and that without the Concurrence of good Deliberation, Conduct, and Valour, she is not always obliged to her Favourites.

But to proceed: during the abode of the Fleet at Barbadoes, the Generals, Colonels, and inferiour Officers were not negligent in their several stations. General Pen caused the Carpenters of each ship to set up those Shallops which were brought over in quarters out of England; and ordered the Coopers to trim and fit Water-Casks: Besides, he sent two Frigats to St. Christophers and Mevis, for raising of Voluntiers there. In the mean time, General Venables for∣med a new Regiment of Seamen to serve upon occasion at Land; these were put under the conduct of Vice-Admiral Goodson; the rest of the Regiments brought out of England, were easily compleated to a full number; likewise a Troop of gallant Horse were raised by the Islanders,* 6.28 at their own cost and char∣ges: (the Carcases of which were afterwards buried in the Souldiers Bellies, for want of better food.) But these were not all the strength; for the Planters Servants understanding that if they would serve the State, their time should still go on, and that at last (in spight of their Masters) they should enjoy their Free∣doms in as ample a manner as if they had served them; this spurred them on to become Souldiers of Fortune; and many were presently listed into several Regiments accordingly. The Fleet was also augmented by twenty sail of Dutch Vessels, which were made prize for presuming to traffique with Prohibited Goods, contrary to the Articles of Peace betwixt the two Nations. The Land-Army being now in readiness, their number was found to be so great, that eve∣ry ships share was as many as it could carry. March 31 they set Sail from Bar∣badoes, and in six days after came by the Lee under St. Christophers: Here joy∣ned with them about 1300 more, which came off from several Islands, in hopes to be made for ever: from hence they shaped their course directly for Hispani∣ola.

On the 13 of April, the whole Navy came fair by the Island, and plainly discovered the sown of Sancta Domingo: Immediately hereupon a Council was called, and the Guides consulted withal: here it was concluded that Gene∣ral Venables should to Land. According to which resolution, the next day he landed about ten Leagues to the West-ward of the Town, with 7000 Foot, a Troop of Horse, and three days Provision of Victuals. No sooner were they landed, but every mans Tongue was tipt with Gold; nothing could be thought on, but the plunder of Plate and Jewels; small things could not enter their minds: as for Hangings, Housholdstuff, &c. they would be cumbersome to carry; and therefore they resolved to leave such things behinde them. In this extasie of joy was the Souldiery; when behold, upon a sudden there appeared a Proc••amation from the General, commanding, that when they entred the Town of Sancta Domingo, no man should plunder either Money, Plate, or Jew∣els, neither kill any tame Cattle, on pain of Death. This made the Army look Sower on their imaginary Sweetness; their Golden Hearts were now turned to Leaden Heels; so that it was indifferent to them, whether they went farther, or tarried there: yet for all this, on they marched through Woods of incredi∣ble thickness, meeting no Enemy, except the excessive heat of the Sun, which caused an intolerable drought, that oppressed them sorely, having not had one drop of Water in many miles march, but what they carried in their own Blad∣ders; so that Urine was as White-wine to them that could swallow it.

General Pen, after the landing of these men, set ashore three Regiments more, under the Command of Colonel Buller, in a Bay where a fair Fresh-water-River disburdened it self; this was within two Leagues of the Town, and ap∣pointed to be the place for conjunction of the whole Army. It was not long before the General, (according to the appointment) having peaceably past the Woods, came to the River, and joyned himself with Buller's Brigade. Here up∣on view, the Army was sound to be 9700 (but few fighting) men. From this River the Army hasted away to take possession of the Town, which in imagina∣tion was already won: there marched on before the rest, a Forlorn Hope, con∣sisting of 500 men; afterward followed the main Body of the Army. In this order they marched within four miles of the Town, when on the sudden, a small party of Spaniards encountered the Forlorn Hope,* 6.29 and in an instant for∣ced them in confusion through the next Regiment, which was also routed: the Body of the Army coming up to their rescue, made the Enemy to retire to a Fort hard by in the Woods, without any considerable loss at all to the Spaniards. On the English side was slain Captain Cox, the chief Guide for the place, and many others.

The General having now seen the imbecility of his men, through want of Water and many other necessaries, he caused them to march back again to the River, from whence they came to refresh themselves, in order to a full prosecu∣tion of the designe in hand.* 6.30 To which end, Scaling-Ladders were made, and two small Drakes mounted, with a Morter-piece and Granado-shells, which were landed from the Fleet: these were conveyed by Water to be set on shore at a convenient place neer the Fort.

All things being now in readiness, to try conclusions, the Army once a∣gain dislodged, and were by the Guides promised to be brought upon the Town of St Domingo by a private way, where they might pass thorough the Woods free from any Fort. Such a way there certainly was; but these blinde Guides taking another to be it, the whole Army were brought neer to the place where before they had been shamefully repulsed. The Spaniards in the mean time having certain intelligence by Negroes and Molattoes of the English march, prepared to entertain them in their passage. April 25, 1655. the whole Army approached near to a Fort which the Spaniards had in the Wood, built of Brick, in a triangular form, without Flankers: in it were nine pieces of good Ordnance, and 300 resolute fellows to manage them. The English Army, a little before noon, approaching neer this Fort, were upon the sudden charged

by a party of the Enemy that lay undiscovered among the Trees. These resolute Spaniards, being about seventy in number, at first fired a round Volley of small shot upon the Forlorn Hope, and then flew in like mad-men with their sharp Steel-Lances upon the English, (who were already even suffocated with Thirst, and hardly able to stand, much less to fight) so that in a moment the General's running-Regiment,* 6.31 with half the Army, flew back to the Rear, and possest their fellows there with such a Pannick fear, that every one began to shift for himself. Mean while the Spaniards pursued the Victory with the greatest slaughter they were able to make: for meeting with no resistance, (but what that ever-Re∣nowned Gentleman Major-General Hayns was able to make with twelve men, (whom he engaged by the honour of their Country) one whereof was Ensigne Boys, who died not unrevenged in the midst of their Enemies) they wreaked their fury at pleasure on these frighted men; till at last, being overcome with killing, they retreated back in Triumph with seven English Colours, the evi∣dent Trophies of their Victory. The retreat of the Enemy gave opportunity for the Living to number the Dead. Upon view, it was found that 600 were slain outright, 300 Wounded, (most in their backs) and besides 200 more crept into Bushes, and ran away to save themselves; which afterward were knockt on the head by Negroes and Molattoes.

Upon this sad disaster, the Army that night drew up nearer the Spanish Fort, as if they intended some mighty matters; and having planted a Morter-piece in a convenient plot of ground, and all things being ready to do Execution on the Fort; upon a sudden the Souldiers were ordered to draw off: So the Army without doing any thing marched away to their old Watering-place in the Bay. To what intent and purpose this was, could never yet be comprehen∣ded.

The Army being come into the Bay, had not that supply of Victuals from the ships as formerly, but were necessitated by parties to go into the Woods to catch Cattle, which many times cost them dear: for the Negroes instead of hunting Cows, would oftentimes change their Game, and breathe them back again to their Quarters.

These things brought the Army to such distress, that (fearing to fight for Food abroad) they exercised their Valour at home upon the Troop-horses be∣longing to their own Army. Thus did they continue for some days, till a re∣solution was taken to Imbarque them, and with all speed to make for Iamaica. May the third day, (all the remaining part of the Army being shipped with∣out the least disturbance from the Spaniard) the Fleet set sail for the aforesaid Island.

This disastrous defeat was rightly imputable to these foregoing causes;* 6.32 but there were others also, as namely the Discipline, or rather the Licentiousness and Debauchery of those Auxiliary-Islanders; a crue of such dissolute Fellows, that were fitter to work and slave in the Mines, than to fight for the Gold. But they did not alone frustrate the assured hopes of Victory, (for it is supposed they were not listed but for number, and to make Drudges) but made the defeat far more miserable, by eating up the Provisions designed for the Army, who were set on shore very weak and feeble, at so strange and unreasonable distance, when the advice was they should have landed at the Bay of Domingo, while the Spaniard was in his Cups, and the Town overflowed with Drink and Gladness for the arrival of their Fleet thither, they supposing this Armada of ours to be their own about that time expected. There was such a complication of errours and misfortunes, through the insufficiency and ill Conduct of the General, to say no worse, and the faintness of the Souldier, caused by the carelessness of their Friends, who should better have Provisioned them, and the terrour of their Enemies, besides the scorching heat of the Sand, which made it painful to stand or go, that hardly any Expedition in History can parallel it; for they were beaten in a manner without a Blow.

Yet these miseries were not at an end; it was not yet easily resolvable what

should be done with this frighted and pestering multitude; for all the Victual was spent, and it was impossible to turn to Windward with such a company and so little sustenance: and some thoughts there were of abandoning this impo∣tent wretched Crue, and return to the Barbadoes; but it was their kinde and undeserved fate that proposed the Island of Iamaica, whither on the 3 of May they directed their course, and without any opposition Landed; there being a resolution made by the Council of War, (to prevent the like Cowardise) that if any man turned his back to the Enemy, his Bringer-up should kill him. The Spaniards having no intelligence of the late overthrow at Hispaniola, nor indeed suspecting any Hostility, fled away at the approach of this formidable Army, and withdrew their Goods; their pretended Governour staving off the English with a Treaty, while all was conveyed away into the Woods, whither parties were sent, to follow and to kill Cattle for the Army, of which they found very good, and good store, without any fighting: which no doubt was a great com∣fort, and gave them time to recover their Spirits; so that afterwards they dreaded not a Molatto, as they lighted upon them in parties in those Forrests of Cedar, and other excellent Physical and useful Trees; where for a while we leave them.

At home another Portugal Embassador arrived, and brought a Ratification of the Treaty; that King having consented to the Damages adjusted in one of the Articles thereof. A Commission passed under the Seal likewise for the Try∣al of those Western Gentlemen taken at Southmolton; two of whom, Colonel Penruddock and Iones, being brought up from Exeter, were Examined here by Cromwel; but nothing could be extracted to the prejudice of their Confede∣rates, whose Estates he aimed at; and so they were re-guarded to their former Custody.* 6.33 In the interim whereof, Iames the noble Duke of Richmond died of a Quartan Ague, that had held him above a year, contracted as 'tis supposed from a continued and Consumptive grief for the King and his Affairs; nor was he ever in any healthful condition since the Martyrdom of King Charles the first. An Ordinance now came out, for setling the Revenue of the poor Knights of Wind∣sor;* 6.34 and the Trust thereof, formerly in the Dean and Chapter, was now vested in the Lord-Commissioner Whitlock, Colonel Montague, Sydenham, and others; and the five Knights Sir Richard Crane and Sir Peter Le Meir had added, were in∣corporated with the rest; the Executors being enjoyned to make good the said Testators Wills to this Use: and several of Cromwel's old Trojans were now Tituladoed with this Pensionary Honour, and none else to be admit∣ted.

* 6.35The Commissioners for the Tryal of the Western Insurrectors now fate at Salisbury, April 12. Judge Windham President, Dove High-Sheriff, and the Jury like him: there were Condemned six,* 6.36 viz. Iohn Lucas a Mercer of a very good Estate at Hungerford, who staid in the Town when he might have escaped, and fatally lost his Head: much ado there was for a Reprieve, and expected by the Prisoner; but he was basely disappointed. Mr. Dean, Mr. Kensey, Mr. Thorp, Iohn Laurence, and Iohn Fryer, all but Dean Hanged at the Common place of Execution: Mr. Henry and Edward Zouch and Mr. Willoughby were acquitted; Mack the Apothecary pleaded Guilty, and was pardoned. Thence they pro∣ceeded to Exeter, where one of Oliver's Knights Sir Iohn Coppleston was Sheriff, and Condemned 26,* 6.37 eleven whereof (besides Colonel Penruddock and Grove, that were Beheaded, where they both Loyally and undauntedly justified their designe, and the Kings indubitable Right) were Hanged, and buried afterwards in a very solemn and decent manner in that City; which generally, to a great number of people, attended their Corps, and defrayed the charge thereof; ex∣tending the same civility to them dead, which they afforded liberally to them living, providing for them in Prison, even to superfluity of the best Provisions; to the regret and anger of Cromwel••, who was contriving how to diminish this plenty of the Royal party, or at least to be revenged of them, at and by ano∣ther RATE. At Chard in Somerset-shire,* 6.38 in their return, they Condemned

five, the principal whereof was Major Hunt,* 6.39 whom his Sisters coming to vi∣sit and take their farewel of him over-night of his Execution, he changed Cloaths with one of them, (pretending before to be indisposed, and to keep his Bed) and with a Handkerchief (as weeping and sobbing) before his eyes, was let out, while a Guard at door watched his Sisters sleep that night; who next Morning waking the supposed Major to make ready for Death, perceived the Stratagem: this incensed Cromwel farther, so that he commanded all that were in Prison for that Rising should be forthwith Transported to the Caribbe-Islands;* 6.40 and some Argier-Merchants, or worse, undertook it, and sold them to the Barbarous and inhumane Flanters, (worse than ever were the Natives) for Bond-men and Slaves.* 6.41 About the same time all Jesuits and Seminaries were anew Exiled; and all suspected Catholicks to abjure the Pope, Pur∣gatory, Transubstantiation, and all the Doctrines of that Church, or else all their Estates to be seized.* 6.42 The Judges Thorp and Nudigate laid down their Com∣missions in May.

During the War in America, and for all our Fleet lay in those parts, the Spa∣nish Plate-Fleet, which was thought the main aim of our preparation, and was therefore much feared for desperate, was now at Sea; and presently the Mar∣quess De Lede,* 6.43 who defended Maestricht so bravely some time before against the Prince of Aurange, was sent Embassador to the Protector, that the honoura∣bleness of his Person might gratifie Cromwel's ambition of Courtship, and sweeten him to the Friendship and Alliance he had in his Instructions to offer, and more easily to insinuate into the mystery of this conjunct designe. He was nobly attended, besides a numerous train of Lacqueys in silver and Green Live∣ry, and had Audience May 5, and continued his Complement and Cabal toge∣ther the space of five Weeks, in which time most of the action had passed in America; and returned unsatisfied, and re infecta, though dismist with more than ordinary respects, about the middle of Iune.

Now happened an occasion, or rather Cromwel made it one, for him to shew his zeal to the Protestant Cause, and to shew himself to the World the Cham∣pion or Hector thereof: this was also one secret step and reach to the Crown, by invading the sacred Title of the Defender of the Faith, due onely to the He∣reditary Soveraigns of England. Herein also he aimed, as in the Proverb, to hit two Birds with one Stone, not doubting but to finde another Mine in the Charitable mindes and compassion of this Nation towards the parallel suffering of the old Waldenses in Piedmont to the Irish Massacres;* 6.44 which were set out and drest here with greater skill of Butchery than the actors could handsomely do it there; and it was said the Copy was drawn from that Original. Most cer∣tain it is, that they were in Rebellion, and that the Duke of Savoy their Sove∣raign did chastise them to their Obedience, though the Marquess Pianella a very zealous Catholick, and the Earl of Quince the French Kings Lieutenant-General of his Italian Armies, then joyned with that Dukes, (and stranger-Souldiers have little regard to any Religion, where they may ravage without controle) might exceed their Commiss••on in inflicting the extremity of War, which they had brought upon themselves, and were before also odious, more than enough to their Catholick Neighbours. Whatever the matter was, Crom∣wel takes the Massacre for granted, enjoyns a Fast, and at the close of that, a Collection; not limited and terminated in the liberal contributions in the Church at the Bason, but the Collectors and other Officers of the Parish, with the Mini∣ster, were to go from door to door, and stir up the Richer sort to a chearful Con∣tribution; which indeed was very forwardly and charitably given and intended: and forthwith Mr. (now Sir Samuel) Moreland, one of Mr. Thurloe's Secreta∣ries, was sent away as Envoy to the Court of Savoy:* 6.45 Mr. Pell was dispatcht to the Protestant Cantons of Switzerland upon the same account; and Mr. (now Sir George) Downing was sent after Mr. Moreland, by the way of France, where he began the complaint, and proceeded. All those three met together at Geneva, to advise with that State how to manage this importance of Religion: but

Mr. Downing never pursued this Project farther, being remanded hence to go Secretary of the Council newly made for Scotland. Pell was s••nt of his form••r errand to the Cantons, and Mr. Moreland returned to Turin to the Duke's Court; where perceiving this fraud of Cromwel, it was no great matter to bring him over soon after to the Kings service, in which he continued.

Alderman Viner and Pack were made Treasurers for this Money, which amounted to a very large sum, and reaching the designe of the Protector; a small parcel whereof was now remitted to Geneva, the French King having newly before accommodated the business, the Duke refusing to admit Cromwel's Medi∣ation. By this conclusion the truth appeared; for in the very liminary words, they acknowledged the Rebellion in express terms, and begged pardon of their gracious Lord his Royal Highness; which was here imputed and charged to the preva••ication and collusion of the Cantons Mediation, and the three Pa∣stors their Commissioners in that affair. There was one Artifice of the Pro∣tectors to set this business forward, and to countenance it, omitted, which was, Addresses from the Army here and abroad, offering their service in this com∣mon Cause of the Protestant Religion, no way doubting but that God in his due time would confound those Enemies of his People, as he had shewn his Salvation by themselves in the same Controversie to that day. Several Fires yet burst out in many parts of the Kingdome; one in Barnaby-street in Southwark; and new diseases were most rife and mortal.

This Easter-Term, one Mr. George Coney a Merchant having been commit∣ted by the Commissioners of the Customes to the Serjeant at Arms, for refusing to obey their Orders and Fine set, for not paying the dues of some Merchandi∣zes, brought his Habeas Corpus in the Kings-Bench, where he intended to dis∣prove the Authority and Legality of his Commitment, and baffle-their War∣rant. To this purpose Serjeant Maynard,* 6.46 Twisden, and Mr. Wadham Wind∣ham were retained of Counsel by him; who pleading such matters for their Client, as entrenched upon the Protector's pretensions, and his Publicans Power in that place, (into which profitable Employment they had scrued themselves, by a pretence of serving the publick gratis, and without any Salary) were in∣stantly committed to the Tower, to consider better of Cromwel's Prerogative, and to help his Jaylor Berkstead the Lieutenant thereof with the Fees of that chargeable Imprisonment, where no Habeas Corpus would be allowed, except upon the Knee; their enlargement being granted upon their Petition and Sub∣mission to the Usurper. Those and the like Forces and violences in the Law, and the fear of infaming the Bench and his own Credit, made Chief-Justice Rolles relinquish his place, and sue for a Quietus est; just as old Sir Henry Vane deceased, entailing his Estate upon his Grand-son, as divining what his Son (with whom he died in feud) would come to.

General Blake was yet in the Streights, demanding satisfaction of the Algier-Pirates for the depredations committed on the English, and required the de∣livery of the Captives of our Nation, whose number was very great: but nei∣ther of these would be hearkned to; whereupon Blake sent in a threatning Message; to which they returned in scorn and contempt this Answer: — Here are our Castles of Guletto, and Castles of Porta Ferino, do what you can; do ye think we fear the shew of your Fleet? A Council of War being called upon this daring affront, it was resolved to Burn those ships in Ferino, in defiance of their Stone-line Forts, and Castles well furnished with Ordinance, and manned with the whole Country adjacent.* 6.47 On the 4 of April the attempt was made. Blake and the greater ships, with their seconds, coming within Musquet-shot of the Castle and Line, which in two hours time they rendred defenceless, dis∣mounting all the Great Guns, and clattering the Stones so about their Ears, that the Enemy abandoned them, having seen their nine Ships and Frigats bur∣ning in the mean time; which was done by Boats from every ship during this hot service, atchieved in this honourable manner. Blake set sail again to the same place, and renewed his Demand, and was Answered in another strain, that

not Ours, but now Those, were the Castles and ships of the Grand Seigniour, who would be sure to require an account of them. In conclusion they came to Treat, and did what they were beaten to, for else they saw their Thieving Trade would be short.

Nathaniel Fiennes,* 6.48 second Son to the Lord Say, and the once-famous Gover∣nour of Bristol, was made Cromwel's Lord Privy-Seal; Recorder Steel (a grow∣ing Favourite for his Speeches) Lord Chief-Baron; and Lambert (yet above∣board) Lord-Warden of the Cinque Ports; and soon after, Serjeant Glyn was made Lord Chief Justice of England; Mr. Parker, and Vnton Crook the Father made Serjeants. For Military Commanders, Colonel Reynolds was ••ow Knight∣ed, and ordered to carry it with him to grace Henry Cromwel then preparing ••or his journey into Ireland, to be inaugurated Lord-Lieutenant in place of Fleet∣wood; where he arrived in the middle of Iuly: and Captain Vnton Crook was rewarded for his late service with 200 l. per annum. The Sco••c•• Council was nominated and dispatched also,* 6.49 viz. General Monke, Lord Broughill President, Colonel Howard (now Earl of Carlisle) Colonel Adrian Scroop, Colonel Coo∣per, Colonel Wetham, Mr. Desborough, Colonel Lockhart, Laird Swinton, and Downing Secretary. It was omitted that Sir Gilbert Pickering was entituled Lord-Chamberlain to Oliver, and that he had a Guard of Halberdiers in Grey-coats, Welted with Black-Velvet, in the same manner and custom as the Kings of Eng∣land used them: but this Satellitium and Band of Bailiffs, was rather out of fear,* 6.50 than in regard to the honour of their Attendance. Sir William Constable (one of the Kings Judges, Governour of Gloucester, and the last of his Name, which rots in his dust) died now, and was buried in the Military way in Henry the 7th's Chappel, lighted into his Tomb with a terrible Fire in the opposite Town of Lambeth.

A new Plot was now started, and most of the Nobility and Gentlemen of England secured; Sir Geoffrey Palmer, Lord Willoughby of Parham, Lord Love∣lace, Earl of Lindsey,* 6.51 Lord Newport, and Sir Richard Wingfield, Lords May∣nard, Petre Lucas, and Faulkland, Sir Frederick Cornwallis, &c. and this done by Manning, whose Villany was not yet discovered; though to render an entire account of him, his death was before related. County-Troops were now also established for security to his Highness, such Trooper 8 l. a year pay, and more in case of service; a Captain 100 l. and Officers proportionably: and as these new Forces were raised here, so were other old ones disbanded in Scotland and Ireland; in which last place, the Disbanded were yet to be the same kinde of standing Militia, they being setled in the Rebel Forfeited Lands, their Tenure being their service;* 6.52 and thus that Kingdom was re-peopled. An Agent that had come hither from Ragotski Prince of Transilvania, now departed; the Conspiracy betwixt whom and the King of Sweden, and the Swede and Cromwel, was just ripe for Execution.

For the terrible news came,* 6.53 that Carolus Gustavus with an Army of 20000 Swedes was landed in Pomerania, and fallen into Poland; and that the Palati∣nate of Posen had submitted, and the Vice-Chancellor Radzikousky was come in and complied with that King; and little doubt was made of his over-running that Kingdom: the like Treachery and other divisions among the discontented Nobility opening him a way. Cromwel's reach in this War was to divert the Emperour (who was arming apace in aid of the King of Spain, and defence of the House of Austria against the French (as foreseeing also the rupture of the Peace with the Spaniard by Cromwel) in the Low-Countries, and a Peace once by this ballance effected, to espouse the quarrel of our King:) to the same purpose the Transilvanian was engaged, who like a stormy Cloud hung over the Imperial Dominions; so that no assistance could be had from this part of the World. This highly disappointed the Spaniard, and retarded those hopes of our King, in order to his Restitution by Arms. He was yet at Colen, and ca∣ressed by several Princes, who Honoured his Privacy: among many others, the Landtgrave of Hessen gave him an honourable Visit, and Prince Rupert, returned

from the Emperour, gave him his due attendance, to evidence that the Rela∣tion of a King in some such cases may be without a Kingdome or Sub∣jects.

* 6.54A Swedish Embassador Named Christian Bond arrived here neer the same time, and was in great State received, according to the Amplitude of his High∣ness: and Rolt a Bed-chamber-man of this Altess was sent recipocrally to the King of Sweden; but was neer quitting the Cost of his Journey by a terrible Storm. About the time the news came of his getting ashore in safety. Han∣num a most notorious Thief,* 6.55 suspected of the Robbery of the King at Colen, (in which parts he was no stranger) broke Prison and escaped likewise.

From the noble Exploit of Porta Ferino, Blake sailed to Cadiz and those parts of Spain, where he found that the Armada of Spain was at Sea, to look after the arrival of their India-Fleet; and it fell out that the English and Spaniards met together in those Seas, the Spaniards being 32 ships in all; but no quar∣rel happened, for neither had Commission to right. The same indifferent (but more cowardly) temper at the same instant (in August) made the Ia∣maica-Fleet (returning home) suffer the longed-for Plate-Fleet to pass un∣tought, when discovered in the Gulf of Florida upon their Voyage to Spain; so that none of the Fates were wanting to make this the most unglorious un∣dertaking of the English.

Upon a resolution taken by a Council of War at Iamaica, the greatest part of the Fleet under General Pen set sail for England, and neer half way home lost the Paragon a Navy-ship by fire; none of that company daring to come in to her relie••, because of her Powder; so that neer 140 men were lost by fire and water; those that could swim escaped, being taken up by Boats after the Blow. On the 3 of September,* 6.56 General Pen arrived at Portsmouth, and on the ninth Venables (with his Wife) very sick and much altered, and Quarter-Master-General Rudyard landed at the same place in the Marston-moore, Com∣mand by Rear-Admiral Blag; the Fleet at Iamaica consisting of some 20 sail, being left under the Command of Vice-Admiral Goodson. Upon their coming to London, (where Venables alledged the danger and encrease of sickness for the cause of his return, Pen the resolution of the Council of War) they were both Committed to the Tower, to satisfie the expectation of the people, more than any intention of bringing Venables to an account for this base and dishonou∣rable Expedition. The Cavils at the Isle of Rhee's unfortunate business were now regested, and retorted upon those Enemies and Traducers of the King, whose party was very well pleased with this disgrace done to Oliver, which car∣ried with it future advantages against the Usurpation, that had designed this Forrain Exchequer for the perpetual pay of his everlasting Red-coats. Gene∣ral Blake (as was said before) having met with the Spanish Fleet under the Command of General Paulo di Contreras, waiting for the Plate-Fleet about the Southern Cape, and mutually saluted one another, returned to Victual and re∣cruit in England, and landed at Chattam.

The Mart at Frankfort in Germany was held this September, which with o∣ther affairs invited the King from Colen:* 6.57 He went ••rom Bonne by Water, be∣ing Towed in a Pleasure-boat, and two other necessary Vessels for his dressing Provision and accommodation, and was saluted by all the Towns neer which they passed, with most ample Ceremonies; and where he entred, with the like presents. In his Company were the Prince of Aurange and the Duke of Glou∣cester, attended by the Marquess of Ormond, Earl of Norwich, Lord Newburgh, Colonel Dan. O Neal, Doctor Frazer, the Lady Stanhop, and Lord Hemfleit her Husband, and other Domesticks▪ An interview had been appointed at a Village called Koningsteyn or Kingston, betwixt Queen Christina of Sweden, then journeying to the Arch-Duke of Inspruck's Country for Italy, where she was highly Treated by the said Arch-Duke, and there professed her self a Roman-Catholick. The King at this Village (after the publick Ceremonies were o∣ver) had private Conference with this Princess the space of an hour, and then

the Duke of Gloucester and Princess of Aurange did the like; which passed, the Noblemen and neer Attendants had reception given them. The Prince Ele∣ctor of Heidelburgh, with Prince Rupert, gave her likewise a visit in this Town, and had the same converse with her: Both the King and She were invited by him to Heidelburgh, but they took several ways; for his Majesty having con∣tinued some time at Frankfort, where the States and Deputies of the Empire were assembled, to finish what was left at the Diet, (the Kings business there depending before that Assembly) and having been splendidly entertained,* 6.58 (as in all places of Germany where he came) and there received an honourable pressing invitation from the Prince Elector of Mentz, by his Earl-Marshal, who was sent on the Embassie with a Train to conduct him from Frankfort, d••par∣ted thence with the noise of the Cannon, and the Volleys and Acclamations of the Citizens, and arrived at Mentz, having been feasted at a magnificent Sup∣per in a Village by the way; whence next morning in all the State that Prince could set out or furnish his entrance with, the King departed for Mentz, and was there entertained two or three days with an Expence befitting his Digni∣ty, and diverted with all honourable Recreations; and with the same Gran∣deurs departed for Colen. Most abominable impudent scandals were Printed in the News-Book here of the King, and the meanness of those Respects done him; when it is most true, greater Honours were not done to any Prince in the World; so much did the injury of his Condition advance these peoples Civility.

While he progressed hereabouts, one Dury a Minister,* 6.59 sent by Cromwel, was perambulating these parts with Credentials, or Commission from him, (who would needs be doing in Religious Plots as well as Civil, to make himself fa∣mous) to discourse and Treat with all the Churches of the Reformed Perswa∣sions, Calvinists, and Lutherans, about an Agreement and Union; and that the Doctrine might be one and the same; and that his Highness desired to be In∣strumental in such a Pious Work of general Communion: but the main of his Mission being to set forth Oliver,* 6.60 this Will in the Wisp vanished and returned for England; whither an Embassador from Venice, that had layn some while here incognito, appeared in that quality, in the room of Signior Pauluzzi recal∣led, and did notably complement Cromwel with his puissance, valour, and pru∣dence, and offered the respects and Friendships of that Signiory.* 6.61 And Arguile from Scotland came to kiss his Highness Hands.

On the 24 of October, the French Peace having been some while before con∣cluded, was solemnly Proclaimed; first in the Court at White-hall, next at Tem∣ple-Bar, and so in other places:* 6.62 and Monsieur De Bourdeaux the French Embassa∣dor next day treated at Dinner by the Protector. In this Treaty the Royal Family of England,* 6.63 all but the Queen-Mother, were totally Excluded, though the Duke of York still continued at Paris, (till after the arrival of Lockhart Cromwel's Embassador thither soon after) when he departed for Brussels, having been complementally invited to the next Summers Campagnia. Thus Cor∣ruptio unius est generatio alterius, the Spanish Peace was all to pieces; for the same day that the French Peace was Proclaimed, an Embargo was laid upon all Goods in the Canaries,* 6.64 and the Spanish Embassador Don Alonso de Cardenas departed hence, and by Gravesend shipt himself for Flanders; and a Trader at Vigo in Spain was taken and seized; and a Declaration of War published by that King: Whereupon, Cromwel presently erected a Committee of Trade, of which his Son and Heir apparent, Richard, was the first named, to consult how to manage and secure it. An Embargo was likewise soon after laid here upon all ships, and one Mr. Maynard dispatcht to the King of Portugal, to make sure of his Ports, and with some other intrigues: a Fleet was likewise preparing to set out to Sea, and the Footing in Iamaica resolved to be kept: Maj. Sedgewick and Colonel Humphries, with a Squadron of ships, and a Regiment to 1000 fresh men, having toucht at Barbadoes, being landed there now; where Sedgewick sent to Command in chief, with Colonel Fortescue of the old, and most of the

new comers died of the Infection that was among them: Humphries with much ado, and danger of Death, returned home in safety. This Humphries was the Son of him that carried the Sword before Bradshaw at the High Court.

With the commencement of this Rupture, the Protector began new practi∣ses against the Cavalier-party, whose Interest and Spirit against his Govern∣ment was as high as ever. He had foreseen, that by this Peace, the King onely shifted and changed that storm from one quarter to another, and was as yet as neer as ever, and in a more opportune and advantageous posture, for that the King of Spain and he would certainly concur against him, and so the Low Coun∣tries, his Provinces and Ports, be open and at the service of our Soveraign; therefore his party was by all all ways, how unjust and Tyrannical soever, to be crusht and supprest.* 6.65 It began with the Clergy, who were neither to keep School nor Cure, nor be Chaplains, except they gave signal Testimony of their Apostacy from the Church: It next extended to all sorts of men, the reviving Act of 1652. forbidding all Royalists, or such as meant well to the Peace of the Kingdom in their subscription to the p••rsonal Treaty in 1648. by a new Proclamation to that purpose, from giving voices of Electing, or to be Ele∣cted themselves, upon their utmost peril. Then came out a Declaration for Decimating such who were actually in Arms, and to shew the reasons of such proceedings against them. Cromwel therein taking it for granted, that the whole Mass of them were engaged in the late d••signe of Penruddock's; and observing their malignity to the Government, by their refusing to match their Relations but within themselves, and so to propagate the Quarrel from one generation to another: that they supplied their King (as they called him) with Money: that their Clergy were as refractory as ever; and that therefore since by them the Peace so endangered could not be kept, nor the Cause and the well-affected s••cured but by keeping up a standing Army by a constant pay; it was requisite the charge should be born by those who caused it.

* 6.66For the better dispatch of this affair, He had erected a new Military Autho∣rity, like the Turkish Bashaws, distributed into several Provinces or Counties, with an unbounded power; England being now cantoned into this Hendecarchy, viz. Kent and Surrey under Colonel Kelsey; Sussex, Hampshire, and Berkshire under Goff; Gloucester-shire, Wilts, Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwal, under Colonel Desborough; Oxford-shire, Buckingham, Hartford, Cambridge, Isle of Ely, Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk under Lieutenant-General Fleetwood; London, un∣der Major-General Skippon; Lincoln-shire, Nottingham, Derby, Warwick, and Leicester, under Whaley; Northampton-shire, Bedford, Rutland, and Huntington, under one Major Butler; Worcester-shire, Hereford, Shropshire, and North-Wales, under Colonel Berry; Cheshire, Lancashire, and Stafford, under Colonel Worsely; York-shire, Durham, Cumberland, Northumberland, and Westmerland, under Lord Lambert; Westminster, and Middlesex, under Colonel Berkstead. Their Com∣mission was to take a Roll and account of all suspected persons of the Kings party; and such as were actually so, to receive security of them, in which they were to be bound to act nothing against the Government, and to reveal all Plots that should come to their knowledge: they were to suppress all Horse-races, Cock-matches, and other concourses of people; to secure the Highways, to take engagement from Royalists for their Servants and Children; and those that did not so, nor give security, to commit to prison; and to rate and receive Money rising from this Decimation. In short, there was nothing which they might not do, nor which they did not; such an Arbitrary vast power they had from the Protector. To this purpose a Fast was kept by the charitable Gentlemen, and an Office was erected here in London, called the Major-Gene∣rals-Office, somewhere in Fleet-street, as other Courts had, where these Recog∣nizances were entred, and all other the like Affairs, Dependencies, and con∣cerns thereof entred and Recorded. By this means the Tyrant intended to in∣form himself of the value and quality of every Estate and Person, together with the number of that Party in every County throughout the Kingdom. Most of

those Loyal persons formerly secured, were hereupon set at Liberty; but by a∣nother twenty-mile-Proclamation driven into the Country, into the bounds of the several Major-Generals, who presently took Cognizance of them, and sum∣moned them to their respective Residences: they sate sometimes without, o∣ther times with some of the old Committees, where they received accounts of Estates, which were rated to the tenth peny yearly. Some bought off that Tax and incumbrance by a present Sum, at three years purchase; which was very ac∣ceptable, for Money was the thing the Usurper wanted: others looked for a nearer Redemption, and to be constrained to that payment. The well-affected and Godly people still voiced this to be a just and reasonable Imposition; for when should they be at quiet, and enjoy themselves in the Goods they had got, free from the interrupting endeavour of this old and restless Enemy? so that there wanted not Abettors and Assistants to this most Religious work of the Major-Generals; who had ordered in the first place, that no Royalist should keep or wear either Arms offensive or defensive,* 6.67 but straightways deliver them; so that they lay at the mercy of whomsoever they met, and at the discretion and charity of whosoever resorted to their Houses, for what they had left.

Several persons were apprehended again, for breach of the 20 miles Procla∣mation, and other Loyal guilt, and committed to a neglected restraint to the Marshal at St. Iames's, which yet continued a Goal; three of whom being spent almost with the charge and tediousness of their Confinement, endeavour∣ed an escape, having obtained of the Marshal's Wife the liberty of walking in the Park with a Souldier, who withstanding their endeavour of escape,* 6.68 (and being hair-brain'd, resolved to hinder their flight) was by them, after several warnings of the mischief, if he yet held them, as one of them he did, shot in the Arm with a Pistol,* 6.69 whereof he died. This bustle brought in other Souldiers, who took them again. They were tried for this Murther (as the Indictment run) at the Upper Bench, before Chief-Justice Glyn, and by a serious Jury found onely Guilty of Man-slaughter; at which the Court seemed much incensed, and Chief-Justice Glyn in a seeming anger discharged the honest Foreman of the Jury, one Mr. William Sanderson of Shoreditch, from all Service thereafter. It madded Cromwel the rather, because Mr. Davison (the other two were Mr. Henry Hol∣der, and Mr. Robert Thorold) was highly suspected of Colonel Rainsborough's Death.

Cromwel was resolved to have Money one way or other, and therefore be∣sides the late rapine of Decimation, and the Piedmont-Sacriledge, (for the speedier bringing in of which Money, he had appointed a great and numerous Commit∣tee, who were to credit the receipt) now he would venture upon a greater im∣piety, to the derogation of the Saviour of the World: that nothing might be wanting to fill up the measure of his Wickedness, he had dealt underhand with some Agents from the Nation of the Iews,* 6.70 who had proposed a Toleration, their own Judges, their Burying-places, the revocation of all Laws and Statutes against them, protection from, the fealty to him; and had strengthned the rea∣son of this with a round sum of Money. Cromwel wanted not plausible Argu∣ments of his own, from the hopeful juncture of time of making the flock of Christ but one Fold; and others cited places of Scripture: several Conferences were held about it before him,* 6.71 with the Judges, as Steel, &c. and Ministers, as Ienkins, Manton, &c. who being not satisfied with what appeared from the arguments of Manasseh Ben Israel the Jewish Agent, the publick admission of them was laid aside, and the Iews gull'd of their Money they had upon that account already paid.

The Ships at Iamaica had been roving abroad, and burnt St. Martha, and took some spoil, while Doyley the Commander in chief by Land had made some Inroads into the Country under Colonel Wood, and was building or planting a new Town at Cagway-Point. In Scotland, new Commissioners were added for the sale of Delinquents Lands; and to prevent their frauds in the purchasing thereof, a New great and Privy-Seal and Signet was likewise sent down thither

from England, and the Protestors and Resolution-men continued at the same distance. A Proclamation there to stop all Comers to that Kingdom, upon pretence of Infection in Holland, and of all going out without License. The Earl of Glencarn, upon suspition of a Plot, being taken and secured by General Monke in Edenburgh-Castle.* 6.72 In England, to affront the Spanish Imbargo, (which now turned to seizure) the price of Canary-Wines, which were feared to rise by the War, were now by Proclamation abated to nine pence a pint, having continued at twelve some years before. The Princess of Aurange de∣parted by the way of Antwerp, and Peronne in France, in Ianuary, to visit her Mother at Paris: and the King preparing according to invitation to go into Flanders, where neer Lovain, in February, he privately conferred with the Earl of Fuensaldagne neer Lovain; the Arch-Duke of Leopold being upon his depar∣ture for Germany, and Don Iohn of Austria to succeed in that Government for the King of Spain. From hence his Majesty, the War betwixt Spain and us being publique, came to the Royal Mansion of Treveur neer Brussels, in order to a nearer conjunction of Counsels: and Odwyr newly returned, and concea∣ling himself in Ireland, gave suspition here of some new designe upon Ireland; and thereupon all Papists and Irish were again disarmed, and commanded to keep at home within their Limits. The King's Family yet continued at Colen; but upon his remaining setling in Brugis, where soon after he was received in State, it removed thither also; so the Spaniards embraced and shook hands with his Interest, as their own affairs governed them.

In England many sad accidents happened together: the Abbey of Spalding being let out into Chambers, in one of them as the folks were prophaning by Dancing and making merry therein,* 6.73 the Roof fell, and was the Death of 23 persons, Ianuary 22. Sir Thomas Ashcock cut his Throat, a Paper being found in his Chamber, where he had reckoned twenty several preservations before; and yet God gave him up to this Temptation. Mr. Skipwith a young Gentle∣man who had had a grudge against Sir Thomas Wortley, for keeping his Sister Company,* 6.74 met with the said Sir Thomas; whereupon both drew their Pistols, but Skipwith killed him dead, though Wounded himself. A Stationer's Ser∣vant in Fleet-street, being taken in Bed with his fellow-serving-maid, got an op∣portunity and presently Hang'd himself.* 6.75 Mr. Chamberlain of Oxford-shire killed Colonel Granthamson at Southampton-buildings in a single Duel. The most Reverend the Arch-Bishop of Armagh died March 21, a Prelate of great and incomparable Learning and Piety, as his Works do sufficiently declare; a person challenged as Indifferent to the Church-Government by Bishops, but no doubt falsly; however, it gave the Protector a fine occasion of personating a love to Learning and good men, in the expence of his decent and fitting Interment,* 6.76 200 l. being allowed thereunto, out of the publick Money; the best and justest of all those sums he squandered upon his dying and perishing Ambition. He was not buried till the 17 of April ensuing, being then brought from the Countess of Peterburgh's, His great Patroness at Rygate, to St. George's, so to Somerset-House,* 6.77 and thence to the Abbey at Westminster. Mr. Bourdeaux Embassador returned for England, and Lockhart, as was said, dispatcht for France. The River of Thames Ebbed and Flowed twice in two hours, this Year; and the last twelve Years there was much alteration in them. Free∣man Sonds, the younger Son of Sir George Sonds, killed his onely Brother in Bed, and was Hanged for it: which sad and strange story had almost past observation.

Anno Dom. 1656.

GEneral Blake and Montague began this year with their Fleet of War sailing for the Coast of Spain, having toucht at Tangier, and directed thence their course to Cadiz-bay; and the removing of the English-staple at Roter∣dam by Proclamation to Dort; and the arrival of Mr. Lockhart in France, as touched before; together with a rencounter at Sea, of the Advice, President, and Drake,* 6.78 English Frigats, with the Maria of Ostend, one Erasmus Bruer a Fleming Captain, off the Coast of Scarborough. It was stoutly managed by the Enemy from Morning till Night, when being totally disabled and over∣powered, he yielded, nothing but himself and Marriners remaining of the Con∣quest, and not many sound ones of those; for the ship sunk presently: she was the Admiral of that place.* 6.79 Worsley the Major-General died before he could be good in his Office, and was buried with the Dirges of Bell Book and Candle, and the Peals of Musquets, in no less a repository than Henry 7th's Chappel, as became a Prince of the Modern Erection, and Oliver's great and rising Fa∣vourite.

With him went down the Wrestling in Moor-fields, an exercise used time out of minde in that place,* 6.80 before the War, and now resumed again; together also with pitching of the Bar, and generally all pastime and sort of sports was dam∣ned: and to make his Exit the more remarkable, Hannam the most notorious private Thief in England,* 6.81 to expiate his sad villany at Colen, (having promised Cromwel some Papers taken at that time) was retaken in another Robbery in London, and had his due by being hanged.

Forces under Colonel Brayn, who was to Command in chief in Iamaica, were now shipt from Port Patrick in Scotland, (where the Citadel of St. Iohn∣stones was fired and almost consumed,* 6.82 but Provisions saved) with 1000 stout Fellows: but Fate so crost Oliver, that no Governour of his sending and nomi∣nation survived long after their arrival; and Colonel Doyley was a kinde of an old Royalist, as were many or the most of the remaining Officers, whom he had made it his Religion not to trust. He had in England appointed at this time a Committee for inspecting of Charters;* 6.83 and some forward pragmatical Coun∣try-Burgesses were very busie to supplicate a renewal of some, augmenting of and granting others de novo; of this Committee Mr. Gabriel Beck his High∣ness's Sollicitor was chief, who were to report their Consults to the Council. Gloucester Cathedral was now very ruinous;* 6.84 and the Citizens begg'd it for a School-house, and afterwards had it for a Church, in some part according to its first pious institution.

The Spanish War was like to prove too chargeable for Oliver's Purse, for all his devices of Decimation, Piedmont, and Iews; and therefore resolved to call a∣nother Parliament,* 6.85 hoping so to awe the Elections, (having had time to im∣prove that power he had assumed to himself) together with the disappointment the late Parliament had met with, and the desire of Settlement (which the new acquired Wealth and Estates, by the vast purchases of Crown and other Lands vehemently enforced; together with the severe penalties on Royalists Electing and Elected, and the flagging wearied opposition of striving thus in vain against his uncontroulable will) would so propitiate his designes in this Convention, that under the pretence of the said Settlement, he might establish himself, and obtain supplies for carrying on the said War. He set up the Ma∣jor-Generals, to force themselves into the peoples trust and abhorence together: for as the mad actions of the Little Parliament were on purpose suffered and dictated to them, to make the people chuse any Government rather, and sub∣mit to a Single Person upon his own score: So these Major-Generals tyrannical

proceedings by vertue of his unknown unlimited Authority, would incline men to seek for a Government established by Law, to which he and his Officers un∣der him might be thought at least, and deemed accountable; and he was in a fair way to a Monarchical Form, and nothing wanting but a good Title, or the peoples Assent.

These were his aims upon this Convention; for suffrages wherein, his party, and all that he could make to his side, were no less sedulous and industrious; and if they failed in the major voice, he could but use the same trick of Seclusion. The Major-Generals had pretty well prepared the way, by aspersing many, seizing others, and threatning the rest of the Gentry; by displacing Burgesses, and disfranchising one sort, and admitting another to Freedoms; and at the day of Election,* 6.86 which was the 20 of August, attending at the places with Foot and Horse, and got themselves returned by this means, with others of their nomination. Thus Berkstead got himself, with Kiffin the Anabaptist, returned Knights for Middlesex. And when such persons were chosen in the very face of the Kingdom, little other choice could be expected in obscure and remoter parts. A rout was brought down for Kiffin, who together with Red-coats (that were onely the good people, and had most right to chuse) bawled, scuffled, and jug∣led away the fair Election of young Mr. Chute, his Father difficultly carrying it. And worse Jugling there was in Scotland and Ireland, of which 60 there could not be said to be any choice at all, further than the nomination of the respective Councils of both Kingdoms. To facilitate the effect of this project, Sir Henry Vane and Feak, upon the Commonwealth and Little Parliaments account; and Colonel Russel and other Royalists, upon the Cavalier-account, were seized and sent to Prison, and a Proclamation of 20 miles again the 12 of September. During this Cabal, and the serious carrying of it on, a Freak or Crotchet took Mr. Robert Villiers (next related to the Lord Purbeck) in the Head,* 6.87 of changing his Name, by Patent of Cromwel, to Danvers, having Mar∣ried the Daughter of Sir Iohn Danvers, (Brother to the Earl of Danby) the last of that Family, being another of the Kings Judges, as was observed in Sir William Constable. The reason he alledged was, the many disservices his Name had done the Commonwealth, and he intended to become a probationer for a Parliament-mans place, and a Protectorian-Consider: but it was said some Na∣tural, not Political, reasons induced him to this alteration.

* 6.88On the 17 of September the Members met at the Abbey-Church in Westmin∣ster, whither came Cromwel with his Guard and Gentlemen, and heard a Sermon Preached by Dr. Owen,* 6.89 Dean of Christ-Church, upon these words in Isaiah, What shall one then answer to the Messengers of the Land? That the Lord hath founded Zion, and the poor of his people shall rejoyce. (A Sermon calculated to the device of the Settlement; and for which, next day, by Sir Iohn Berkstead (Knighted a little before) and Mr. Maidstone the Protector's Steward of his house, he had the Thanks of the Parliament.) At the entrance whereunto, after this Preachment,* 6.90 the Members found a Guard, and an Officer standing with a List in his Hand, and demanding the Names of every of them; and such as were marked for non-admittance were turned back: for notwithstanding all this diligence and foul play, far the major part of the House were against the Single Person, especially against Oliver, whom the Republicans hated more than ever they did the Kingship in our Soveraign: those within nevertheless stood not to ask what was become of their Fellows without, but proceeded, and appointed a Fast; and to prevent application of the Secluded to them, as of right, they turned them over by an Order to the Protector's Council for approbation; which most of the Country-Gentlemen disdaining, quickly departed home; which others seeing that were admitted, not thinking the most of this remnant fit company for men of honesty or fashion, they also absented themselves, that their Names might not be abused by continuing with them to countenance their proceedings. Cromwel saw the Test of a Recognition would not serve turn; for they had learnt his own Art of time-serving Engagements, and therefore

went this illegal bold way to work, contenting himself with this pickt Juncto, which made a shew of a Parliament;* 6.91 but quota portio faecis Achaeae? Sir Thomas Widdrington was chosen Speaker.

These fell to his business, and first of all to make room for the Olivarian Title,* 6.92 a Bill was brought in for annulling the pretended Title of the King, by the Name of Charles Stuart; another ••or the Security of the Protector's (his Highnesses) Person, pursued with a Vote, that the Parliament declared the War against the Spaniard to be undertaken upon just grounds, and that they will assist h••s Highness therein; and Voted the manner of the supply to be taken into consideration with all speed.

And for their better encouragement, the first news they had since their Sit∣ting, was of a success of the English Fleet lying upon the Coast of Spain, in ex∣pectation of the Plate-flee•• coming in, or their Convoy of 40 Men of War go∣ing out from Cadiz, (one of which the Spaniard feared in earnest, and the other he threatned in a Bravado.) It happened thus: the Generals Blake and Montague being gone to the Bay of Wyers to take in fresh Water, le••t Rear-Admi∣ral Stayner with 7 Frigats to ply before that Port; who about the middle of September descryed at Sea eight sail, (as it proved from the West Indies) who having met and taken a Portugal Prize, and informed by them that the English were gone off the Coast,* 6.93 made securely to Cadiz, where Captain Stayner and his Squadron (but two whereof engaged with him in the Speaker, viz. the Bridgewater and Plymouth, taken by them at first for Fisher-men, by reason of their lying so low in the Water) assailed them, and after a fierce fight (the Spaniard being loth to part with his Treasure) overcame them. There were two Sunk, two escaped, two run aground, and two taken by the Speaker-Fri∣gat. In one of them was the Marquess of Badajox,* 6.94 of the Family of Lopez, who had been Governour for the King of Spain's Peru, who was killed in the Fight, with his Wife and a Daughter; the Eldest Son and his Brother were sa∣ved, and brought safe to the Generals with this Prize, wherein were two mil∣lions of Pieces of eight, and as much there was in one of them that was Sunk. The Admiral who carried the Flag (for concealing of the chiefest ship) with the Portugal prize, recovered the Shore. Soon after General Montague with the young Marquess and part of the Fleet to convoy the Silver, returned into Eng∣land, and delivered the Bullion into the Mint; and the young Marquess was set at liberty. For this a Thanksgiving, with a Narrative to be read thereon, was appointed by the Parliament,* 6.95 who emitted their Declaration of War a∣gainst Spain. About the same time Five Frigats returned also from Iamai∣ca.

According to the 34th Article of the Instrument, which this Juncto roundly danced to, Cromwel having Named Fiennes and Lisle to be Lord-Commissio∣ners of the Great Seal, and Serjeant Glyn to be Lord Chief-Justice of England, he now proposed them to the House for their approbation; which they did with Glee, and confirmed them in their places: and to reciprocate his officious comportment, they of their part opened the intercourse betwixt him and the Parliament, by presenting him several Bills to Signe and Ratifie as Acts; the chief whereof were the Annulling the Title of the King, for security of his Per∣son, taking away Wards and Liveries, and that the Passing those Acts should not determine the Session: these were firmed in the Painted-Chamber, in am∣ple manner and form, by this new-fangled-Legislator, Nov. 27.

At the latter end of October died Iohn the 4th King of Portugal,* 6.96 who had so sucessfully wrested the Kingdom of Portugal from the unjust possession of the Spanish Monarchy, after almost 100 years Usurpation of it, in the remarkable year of 1640. He died of the Stone in his Kidneys in the fifty and odd year of his Age, leaving behinde him by his Queen, the Sister of the Duke of Medi∣na Sidonia in Spain, his Son Alphonso the sixth King of Portugal, and Donna Catharina the Illustrious Infanta of the same, since Married to our Gracious Soveraign King Charles the second.

The Sect of Quakers was grown to such a heigth of Impudence, by the presumptions and deceitful Revelations of the Light within, that there was scarce any Blasphemy which they would not say and act; and yet very many were bewitched with it. The Divinity of Christ had been oppugned by Biddle the Socinian, and now it was Personated (with reverence be it spoken) by one Iames Naylor a Quaker,* 6.97 who resembling in his Proportions and Complexion the picture of Christ, had, in all other things, as the setting of the Beard and Lo••ks in the same fashion, ••ar••d to counterfeit our Blessed Lord. To this purpose he had Disciples and Women ministring to him, whose Blasphemous Expressions, and a••••••ications of several Scriptures relating properly to the loveliness and Transce••••••••nt Excellency of Christ (〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉) to this Impo∣stor, will (if repeated) move Horrour and Trembling in every Christian. His first appearance in this manner was at Bristol, where a man leading his Horse Bare-headed, and one Dorcas Erbury and Martha Symmonds going up to the Knees in Mire by his Horse-side, sung aloud, Holy, Holy, Holy▪ Hosanna, &c. For this they were seized by the Magistrates, and being complained of to the Par∣liament, were brought up to Town, into which (as in all places) they entred singing the same Blasphemies. At the Bar of the House (a Committee having reported their opinion concerning his punishment) he was Sentenced in De∣cember to be set in the Pillory twice,* 6.98 and Whipt twice, and his Forehead to be Stigmatized with the letter B. for Blasphemer, and Bored through the Tongue, with which he used to answer to any Question, Thou hast said it, and the like. He was likewise Whipt at Bristol, and thence returned to Bridewel, to be kept close, and to eat no more than what he earned. In Newgate (after his punishment) the Impostor continued: one Mr. Rich (a Merchant of credit) that held him by the Hand while he was in the Pillories, with divers others, licked his Wounds: the Women were observed some to lay their Head in his Lap, lying against his Feet; others to lean it upon his Shouldiers: and question∣less the Quakers would have persisted in this delusion, and set up, and made something of this Idol, if he had not been kept from them (for as soon as ever any came into his Company, they would first take him by the Hand, and in a strange note say, Holy, &c.) But being thus removed, after three days wilful abstinence, having weakned himself even unto Death, he begged some Victuals, and then was set to work, which he performed, and came by degrees to himself, and to reduction. At the return of the Rump he got his liberty, but survived it not; his additional pretended Divinity having attenuated and wasted his Humanity; and that Body sublimed and prepared for Miracles, went the way of all Flesh. It is to be noted,* 6.99 that Lambert stickled much to have sa∣ved him from Sentence and punishment, he being his Souldier: but the truth was, Lambert perceived what Cromwel was driving at, to engross the Soveraign∣ty to himself and Family; and it was high time therefore to ingratiate with all parties, the better to be able to oppose him: and henceforth sprung and ap∣peared the feud betwixt these two Army-Potentates.

* 6.100The King kept his Court at Bruges, some eight Leagues from the Court at Brussels, where Don Iohn was now Governour for the King of Spain, and had had several consultations together about the carrying on of the War, and many fair overtures made. The Duke of York was newly arrived, as also the Prin∣cess of Aurange; so that all the Royal Family, except the youngest Daughter and Mother, were present together. He had newly listed some Regiments of his three Nations into his service and pay, which were now quartered about Flanders.* 6.101 Several Prisoners of both sorts were now released, as Sir Henry Vane, Mr. Feak, Mr. Rogers, Judge Ienkins Esquire; as little time before, one Mrs Lucy Barlow committed, upon the score of some Letters of the King's found about her.

* 6.102A most formidable Plot was again whispered to be discovered, that tended to the destruction of the Nation; and most terrible expectations there were. What more monstrous wickedness could be practised, than what the Nation had already

seen perpetrated. — The Fox had a Wound he could not tell where, — The Drudgery of Mr. Thurloe, (Cromwel's Second in the Plot) had most la∣boriously undermined a sap-headed fellow, one Miles Syndercombe a Leveller, Cas••iered in Scotland about Overton's business, to designe the Life of his most Serene Highness. This was effected by the hired combination of one Cecil, and one Toop of Cromwel's Life-guard, who drew in this male-content. There was another vizarded or disguised person, said to be a Priest sent from Don Alonso the Spanish Embassador in Flanders, who was engaged as principal. Several opportune Houses taken to Shoot him, with Engines, Calivers, Blunderbusses, at his going to the Parliament, to Hampton Court, at a convenience in Hammer∣smith, in Hide-Park, the Gates whereof were unhinged: and lastly, by firing the Chappel at White-hall, with a strange combustible matter. Those horrible cir∣cumstances Master Secretary delivered in such anxious, and the discovery of it in such grave words, that the House was resolved into a joyful wonderment of this good Providence,* 6.103 for which they first ordered a Thanksgiving, and a Nar∣rative of the Plot, and the House to come and congratulate his Highness up∣on this deliverance at a day he should appoint; which was the 23 of Ianuary, when the House with their Speaker went to the Banquetting-house, and met their live-like Protector with a Sospital Oration (consisting of these Heads) by the Mouth of Sir Thomas Widdrington.

First,* 7.1 the danger and Ruine of the Reformed Churches abroad, and three Na∣tions at home, who were struck at in this Blow. 2. Then the cunning secrecy of it, no more than two to know the whole designe. 3. The extensiveness of it, if they failed in one place, resolved to do in another; that if Cicero were living, he would want expression to set out the Danger or the Mercy, and that being so unparallell'd unprecedented a Mercy, the Parliaments Hymn was, O cantemus canticum no∣vum, O come let us sing a new Song, &c.

This Speech (like the Plot) had neither Head nor Tail, yet was well e∣nough taken by the Sword-men, who had no other acuteness than what was in their Scabbards: but the disaster that was the preface to this Lame Story, was taken in dudgeon. As the Members were ascending the Stairs of the Banquet∣ting-house, a press of people crowding with them, the Stairs broke under them, and spoiled the Cringes and Obeysances of many of these Parliament-gratula∣tors, particularly Mr. Ellis (afterwards Knighted by Cromwel) his Sollicitor-General broke his Leg, and lost the Fees of a whole Term for a Complement. Cromwel's Son Richard was much bruised, and lay in.

Syndercombe was the same Term for this Treason prosecuted by direction from the Parliament at the Kings-Bench,* 7.2 before Chief-Justice Glyn and Warbur∣ton, and by Cecil's and Toop's Evidence (who discovered, &c. and craved mer∣cy) Convicted: He resolutely denied and retorted the Plot, and interrogated the Court about it; but it availed not, Justice Glyn condemning him, when he declared that the Statute 25 Edw. 3. was declaratory of the Common Law provided in that Case before, and that by King was understood any Chief-Ma∣gistrate. He was carried thence to the Tower,* 7.3 where the night before his Ex∣ecution, it was supposed (and so the Coroners Jury gave their Verdict) that he Poysoned himself: He went well into his Bed, desiring a while before a space of half an hours privacy for his Prayers; which time elapsed, he opened the Door, and rubbing his Hands together, and his Nose with them, chearfully bid his Guard good-night. His Body afterwards was tied with his Head forwards to a Horses Tail, and drawn Naked to the Scaffold at Tower-hill, and under that Buried, and a great Stake driven through him, which was covered with Iron at top.

At the Thanksgiving-day, February 20, Gillespy the Scotch Presbyter preached the Sermon at St. Margarets, and thence they marched to the same Banquetting-house to Dinner with the Protector their Host,* 7.4 where they were gaudily enter∣tained,

in respect of the Fast they had kept within their own Walls on the 12 of Ianuary, to conjure for the Plot, six days before Thurloe (his spirit) brought them the intelligence, which was on the 18. Kindnesses follow one upon the neck of another.

* 7.5For the next day Alderman Pack (a great Excise-Commissioner, and in greater arrears for it, to 30000 l. and deep in the Piedmont-account) from the advantage of this Royal Treat, suddenly started a motion like a Puppet jerkt with a Wire, That in regard of the strange unsettlement and discomposure of the Nation, and the mindes of men, and the ill aspect it had upon Forrain Prin∣ces, and all Trade; that therefore the Protector might be desired to assume the Stile of King, as the most known and most agreeable Government. And pre∣sently Tooth and Nail the Court-party were at it; and after sundry Consulta∣tions, passed a Resolution in order to his being King'd, by the second part of the Instrument, called the Humble Petition and Ad••ice of the Parliament; which being now in debate, we must leave to the ensuing Year.

* 7.6The Year ends with a Proclamation of the Portugal Peace, which had been ratified so long before: and a fright given Lockhart by a pretended Quarrel be∣tween some Embassadors Lacqueys, at his stately going to Audience to the French King at Paris, where notwithstanding his Guards, he very seldom as yet, but upon publick occasions, appeared abroad.

Anno Dom. 1657.

THe sutable political talk of the party of the Usurper, was now engaged in strained arguments for a Monarchy in the person of this their Ring-leader; and this Maxime was broacht in the News-book, That there was no everla∣sting principle in Government as to any particular Form; That Government is but a temporary expedient; that it is like Vltima tabula post naufragium, in the hazard of the Commonwealth, the next shift may be made use of. The same was the inspired reason into the Humble Petition and Advice; which after se∣veral Debates and Resolutions, was drawn into that Consistency; the main whereof, was to desire the Protector to change that Title for the other of King. On the 9 of April, the Parliament having desired a meeting with him, came to the Banquetting-house in White-hall, where Sir Thomas Widdrington in a Speech commended the Title and Office of a King,* 7.7 as setled here with Christianity, approved by our Ancestors, consisting with our Laws and Temper of the peo∣ple: and then presented him with the Module of the Humble Petition, &c. To this tender, Cromwel in a fit of Devotion answered, That it was a weighty mat∣ter, and therefore desired space to seek God: that the Charge laid upon him was too great for him to bear without His assistance: that the English were the best people in the World, and required therefore all tenderness and consideration of their Liber∣ties, &c.

* 7.8The next day a Committee was appointed to attend him, and receive his Answer; which being insignificant, but that the Protector desired satisfaction, they upon report thereof resolved to adhere to their Petition, and appointed a Committee of above half the House to attend him, to receive from him his doubts and scruples touching any of the particulars contained in the, &c. and to offer Reasons for his satisfaction, for the maintenance of the Resolution of the House; and wherein they cannot satisfie, to report. The chief of this Com∣mittee were, Whitlock, Lord Chief-Justice Glyn, Lord Broghall, Lenthall, Lisle, Philip Iones, Fines, Strickland, Thurloe, Sir Richard Onsl••w, Sir Charles Woolsley, &c. These wanted not arguments from the Law, from the Safety and Honour of the people to have a King; under which Government it had flourished so

many hundred years, and from the safety and honour of his own person: to all which they were answered from a mixt result of ambition and anger, till the deliberated certainty of the latter had crusht the Airy conceit of the other. The danger and his scruples consisted in these Objections.

First, That the Title of King is a name of Office, which any name that may imply the Supreme Magistrate hath the same signification, and therefore no necessity of change. Answer, that the Name of a King is onely adequate to, and com∣prehensive of the Office of the Supreme Magistrate. It is a Rule, that the Kings of England cannot alter the Laws, by reason of their Name; and that there is no obligation upon any other. That the very Title was declared necessary in 9 Edw. 4. in the controversie betwixt him and Hen. 7. every action done by the King in possession was valid, for it was his Jurisdiction Royal: so in Hen. 7. the same of a King de Facto. That there is a prius a former, and primum a first; the Name King had beginning with our Laws: that for Protector there must be a new Law introductive of such a Title.

The other Objections of danger, namely, The difficulty in altering the same Government to a Commonwealth, and the refusal of some Iudges, and actings of o∣thers upon that ground; that another Parliament might change those Resolutions; the dislike of the good people, and the bent of the Army; that Providence had laid aside this Title of the King after seven years War, and many of the chief of those instruments dissatisfied (of which presently) were answered with his own Lo∣gick of Providence, which would (was bound, they would have said) to wait upon these beloved and glorious necessities: and that as to Dissatisfied Persons, there never was any the most just and happy Government free from them. But because the most material part and effect of our Civil-War came to Entitle it self to this grand Event, it will be very just and equal to shew it in its full proportion, and in its genuine sense, from the Mouths of the then Lord Whit∣lock and Cromwel himself. I omit to acquaint the Reader at large with the Protector's Jealousie, that they would fortifie his Title, and dis-enable his Reve∣nue; for he demanded no less security to his Greatness, than 190000 l. a year, and the charge of the Spanish War besides.

The Lord Whitlock's Speech, the 26 of April.

SIR,

I Have very little to trouble your Highness with;* 8.1 so much hath been already spoken, and so well, that it will be hard for me or any other to undertake to adde to it: onely the duty of my Employment, and something due to your Highness, occasions me to speak a few words, to acknowledge with very humble thanks the Honour and Right which you have done this Committee, by the clear and free Discourses and Conferences which they have had with your Highness; and for your frequent Expressions and Testimonies of affection and respect to the Parliament, whose sense in this I may presume to speak, that never any persons met their Supreme Magistrate with more Love, Duty, and Honour, than the Parliament have met your Highness with, in their present Addresses; which argument of love deserves the esteem and force, which I doubt not but your Highness will put upon it. I am fearful to be too tedious at any time, especially at so late an hour, and therefore shall speak but short, to some things which I remember not to have been mentioned. Your Highness was pleased at the last meeting, to say, that the Original Institution of the Title King, was by common consent, and that the same common consent might institute any other Title, and make it as effectual as that of King. This must be acknowledged; but withal you may be pleased to observe, that the Title of King is not onely by an O∣riginal common consent, but that consent also approved and confirmed, and the Law fitted thereunto, and that fitted to the Laws, by the experience and industry of many ages, and many hundreds of years together; whereas any other Title will be onely by present common consent, without that experience and approbation: for that

experience which your Highness mentioned to have been of other Titles, and the due administration of Iustice under them: this experience is far short of the other; and for the course of Iustice, we have cause to thank that care which plac'd so good Iud∣ges and Officers over us; yet give me leave to say, that in private Causes between party and party; and in publick matters in nominal causes, it was not easie to finde justice to be done by some Iurors: and many questions have risen upon the occasion of those new Titles, concerning that tender point of good mens satisfaction. I think it requires a very great regard from us, and I doubt not but those good People will be fully satisfied, if they consider the Covenants, Promises, and Precepts, which in the Scriptures are annex'd to the Name of King: and although some have alledged, that they belong to any chief Magistrate as well as to King; yet no man did ever read the Original word translated otherwise than King, neither do I finde the present Title once mentioned in the Holy Text. If the present Authority be a lawful Au∣thority, which I hope none of us will deny; surely those good men, who are so well-principled in Godliness, will not forget that precept of submission to Authority, and to be satisfied with that which Lawful Authority shall ordain. Their Rights and Liberties are the same with ours, and the Parliament cannot advise any thing for the preservation of the Peoples Rights, but these good men are included; which I hope will be no dissatisfaction to them. In all the changes which we have seen, there hath been a dissatisfaction to some; yet still the Blessing of God hath gone along through all these Changes, with those who carried on his interest; and the Cause be∣ing the same, the same Mercies have been continued: And I doubt not but if the in∣tended Change, or rather Restitution be made, (as I hope it will) the same God will continue his Blessings to that Good Old Cause wherein we are engaged; and that good men will receive satisfaction by it. Your Highness hath been told, that the Title of King is upon the Foundation of Law, and that a new Title must have a constitution to make the Laws relate unto it, and that unto the Laws. I shall onely adde this, that a Title by relation is not so certain and safe, as a Title upon the old Foundation of the Law; and that a Title upon a present single Constitution (as any new Title must be) cannot be so firm, as a Title both upon the present Consti∣tution, and upon the old Foundation of the Law likewise, which the Title of King will be. If any inconvenience should ensue upon your acceptance of this Title which the Parliament adviseth, your Highness satisfaction will be, that they did advise it.

On the contrary part, if any inconvenience should arise upon your Highness refu∣sal of this Title which the Parliament hath advised, your burden will be the grea∣ter. And therefore whatsoever may fall out, will be better answered by your Highness complying with your Parliament, than otherwise. This question is not al∣together new; some instances have been given of the like, to which I shall adde two or three. The Title of the Kings of England in the Realm of Ireland, was Lord of Ireland; and the Parliament in the 33 year of Hen. 8. reciting, that inconve∣niencies did arise there by reason of that Title, did Enact that Hen. 8. should as∣sume the Stile and Title of King of Ireland, which in the Iudgement of this Par∣liament was preferred before the other. In the State of Rome, new Titles proved fatal to their Liberties.

Their case was not much unlike ours; they were wearied with a Civil War, and coming to a Settlement, Cuncta discordiis civilibus ••••ssa, nomine principis sub imperium accepit; some would not admit the Title Rex to be used, but were con∣tented to give the Titles of Caesar, perpetuus Dictator, Princeps, Senatus, Impe∣rator. Non sum R••x, sed Caesar, came at last to this, Voluntas Caesaris pro lege habebatur. The Northern people were more happy amongst themselves; a private Gentleman of a Noble Family took up Arms with his Country-men against a Ty∣rant, and by the blessing of God rescued their Native Liberties, and Rights of their Country, from the oppression of that Tyrant. This Gentleman had the Title of Marshal given unto him, which continued for some years: Afterwards their Par∣liament (judging it best to resume the old Title) Elected this Gentleman King, and with him was brought in the liberty of Protestant Religion, and the establish∣ment

of the Civil Rights of that people, which have continued in a prosperous con∣dition ever since unto this day. Sir, I shall make no other application, but in my pray∣ers to God, to direct your Highness and the Parliament (as I hope be will) to do that which will be most for his honour and the good of his people.

Cromwel's Speech to the Parliament in the Banquetting-house at White-hall, the 8 of May.

Mr. Speaker,

I Come hither to answer that that was in your last Paper to your Committee you sent to me,* 9.1 which was in relation to the desires which were offered to me by the House, in that they called their Petition. I confess that business hath put the House, the Parliament, to a great deal of trouble, and spent much time: I am very sorry that it hath cost me some, and some thoughts; and because I have been the unhappy occasion of the expence of so much time, I shall spend little of it now: I have the best I can revolved the whole business in my thoughts ▪ and I have said so much already in testimony of the whole, that I think I shall not need to repeat any thing that I have said. I think it is a Government, that the aims of it seek much a setling the Nation on a good foot in relation to Civil Rights and Liberties, which are the Rights of the Nation; and I hope I shall never be found to be of them that shall go about to Rob the Nation of these Rights, but to serve them what I can to the attaining of them. It hath also exceeding well provided for the safety and security of honest men, in that great Natural and Religious Liberty, which is Liber∣ty of Conscience: These are great Fundamentals, and I must bear my testimony to them, (as I have and shall do still, so long as God lets me live in this World) that the intentions of the things are very honourable and honest, and the Product worthy of a Parliament. I have onely had the unhappiness both in my Conferences with your Committees, and in the best thoughts I could take to my self, not to be convicted of the necessity of that thing, that hath been so often insisted upon by you, to wit, the Title of King, as in it self so necessary, as it seems to be apprehended by your selves: and I do with all honour and respect to the judgment of the Parliament, testifie, that (caeteris patibus) no private judgement is to lye in the Ballance with the judgement of a Parliament; but in things that respect particular persons, every man that is to give an account to God of his actions, he must in some measure be able to prove his own Work, that is, to have an approbation in his own Conscience of that he is to do or forbear; and whilst you are granting others Liberties, surely you will not deny me this, it being not onely a liberty, but a duty (and such a duty as I cannot without sinning forbear) to examine my own Heart, and thoughts, and judgement, in every work which I am to set mine Hand to, or to appear in or for.

I must confess therefore, that though I do acknowledge all the other, yet I must be a little confident in this, that what with the circumstances that accompany Humane Actions, whether they be circumstances of time or persons, whether circumstances that relate to the whole, or private or particular circumstances, that compass any person that is to render an account of his own actions: I have truely thought, and do still think, that if I should (at the best) do any thing on this account to answer your expectation, it would be at the best doubtingly; and certainly what is so, is not of faith; whatsoever is not of faith, is sin to him that doth it, whether it be with re∣lation to the substance of the action about which the consideration is conversant, or whether to circumstances about it, which make all indifferent actions good or evil to him that doth it. I lying under this consideration, think it my duty; onely I could have wished I had done it sooner, for the sake of the House, who have laid so infinite obligations on me: I wish also I had done it sooner for your sake, for saving time and trouble; and indeed for the Committees sake, to whom I must acknow∣ledge publickly, I have been unseasonably troublesome: I say, I could have wished I had given it sooner; but truely this is my Answer, that although I think the Go∣vernment

doth consist of very excellent parts in all, but in that one thing the Title: as to me, I should not be an honest man, if I should not tell you, that I cannot ac∣cept of the Government, nor undertake the trouble and charge of it, which I have a litle more experimented than every man, as to what troubles and difficulties do be∣fal men under such Trusts, and in such undertakings; I say, I am perswaded to re∣turn this Answer to you, That I cannot undertake this Government with the Title of a King; and that is mine Answer to this great and weighty business.

A rumour was spread during this juncture, which is too pertinent to be omit∣ted, that the King was sickly and languishing, and of a melancholy lost spirit; That his Brothers were Papists, and professed ones: which with the Act of an∣nulling, &c. plainly shewed Cromwel's first Ambitious intentions; but the truth was, he had consulted the Oracle of the Army, whom he had first Disci∣plin'd with Mutiny against the Civil Authority, or any coercive Jurisdiction whatsoever, and was therefore the best acquainted with their constitution: and they were at such a pitch, lately Sult••ning of it in the powers of their Major-Generals, that it was impossible or improbable to bring them to the Yoak of the Laws, which he must by this Title undergo himself; and Lambert was so stiff hereupon, perceiving how Cromwel prevaricated from the Contract between them of his succeeding to this Lawless Protectorship after, as to brave him with the Army-Interest, to brandish the same Sword, and to dispute the business in publick. A whispering there was, that his Lady was more familiar with Crom∣wel than suted with her Relation, and that she discovered his secrets as well as her own; insomuch that it became a Court-jest, that Oliver's Instrument was found in my Lady Lamberts Petticoat: but he was open enough of himself, and of too pregnant and forward a Spirit to conceal his disgust. It was time therefore, as the Protector had served Major-General Harrison before, to deal with Lambert,* 9.2 and to dismiss him from Council and all Command; but for fear of displeasing the Army, not securing him: which kinde of usage in the throwing off an old, but disgusted Friend, was credited into a by-word of Lambertizing. Thus Oliver chose the better part, betaking himself to the In∣terest of the Army, in this Title of their own making and forming; confiding more in the Arms and Embraces of the Souldiery, than in the Legs and Comple∣ments of the Parliament, and that a Cripple also.

* 9.3In the midst of this Regal Scene, appeared other Actors: the Fifth-Monar∣chy-men were contriving an Insurrection, and had had several Meetings in a house at Shoreditch, where they were all along betrayed, and seized, and at last some Arms and Ammunition taken with them, with a Standard of a Lyon Cou∣chant (of the Tribe of Iudah) with this Motto, Who shall rouse him up? The fellows taken, were Thomas Venner, with their Scribe (as they named their Se∣cretary) Gray, Gowlet, Hopkins, and Ashton, with others, (these named owe another more desperate and Trayterous account to this Chronicle.) About them was found a Declaration in Print, with this Title, The Principle of the Rem∣nant, &c.

* 9.4A Miracle seconded this Millenary Phantasie: one Machlin a Scotch Minister, but Beneficed in Northumberland, aged one hundred and sixteen years, was re∣stored by a wonderful reviviscency beyond all Poetical Fiction, to his Teeth, Hair, and Eye-sight, so that he was as able in his Body as he was at the age of fifty. Several conjectures were made and applied to the Government of our Kings, and the issue credited them. Nor was the right of the King at any time so hopeful as now, not onely from these unpracticable Counsels at home, against his Crown and unextinguishable Authority, but also from those Aids and Forces he had abroad, and the assurance of a plenary conjuncture with the Spaniard to this purpose. The Marquess of Ormond, the Lord Wilmot, the Lords Gerrard and Wentworth, the Lord Taaf and General Middleton had their several Regiments Quartered up and down the Sea-Coasts; and the Dukes of York and Gloucester had Commands likewise in Flanders.

To oppose this growing strength,* 9.5 and to re-inforce the French, who had been worsted last Summer at Valenchienne, and lost other places, Cromwel sent over 6000 men under the Command of Colonel Iohn Reynolds, the Commissary-General in Ireland,* 9.6 having trained and drilled most of them as Recruits to Co∣lonel Berkstead's Regiment of the Tower, and the like service, and then drew them out for this Forrain expedition. They Rendezvouzed at Black-Heath, where Hugh Peters gave them a Sermon for encouragement, and were shipped with a Months pay in hand at Dover, by the care of Major-General Kelsey, and landed at St. Iohns Bay, within seven miles of Bulloyn, whither Reynolds and their Major-General Morgan followed them towards the end of May: they had new Red-coats given them, for the terrible Name thereof.

Of all the desperate attempts that ever were made in the World against an Enemy by Sea,* 9.7 this of Noble Blake's is not inferiour to any. He lying upon the Spanish Coast, had intelligence given him that the West-India-Fleet were arrived at the Canary-Islands, and put into the Bay of Sancta Cruz, on the Island of Teneriff. Upon this the Fleet weighed Anchor on the 13 of April 1657. and by the 20 of the same Month, were fair in the Offing of Sancta Cruz, where they discovered how bravely the Spanish ships (sixteen in number) were barricado'd in this Bay, where they lay in a manner Semi-circular. Neer to the Mouth of this Haven, stands a Castle sufficiently furnished with great Ordnance, which threatned destruction to any that durst enter without its leave into the Harbour: besides this, there stood seven Forts more round about the Bay, with six, four, and three great Guns apiece; and united together by a Line of Communication from one Fort to another, which was manned with Musqueteers. To make all safe, Don Diego Diagues General of the Spanish Fleet was not idle in making Provision for the best defence of his Armado: he caused all the smaller ships to be mored close along the shore, and the six Great Galleons stood farther out at Anchor, with their Broad-sides towards the Sea. It happened at this time, there was a Dutch Merchants ship in the Bay; the Master whereof seeing the English ready to enter, and that a Combat would presently be commenced, it made him fear that among all the Blows that would be given, he could not avoid some knocks; therefore to save himself, he went to Don Diego, and desired his leave to depart the Harbour: For (said he) I am very sure Blake will presently be amongst you. To this, the resolute Don made no other reply, but, Get you gone if you will, and let Blake come if he dares.

They that knew Blake's Courage, could not but know it needless to dare him to an Engagement. All things being ordered for fight, a Squadron of ships was drawn out of the whole Fleet to make the first onset; these were Commanded by Captain Stainer in the Speaker-Frigat, who no sooner had re∣ceived Orders, but immediately he flew into the Bay with his Canvas Wings, and by eight in the Morning fell pell-mell upon the Spanish Fleet,* 9.8 without the least regard to the Forts, that spent their shot prodigally upon him. No soo∣ner were these entered into the Bay, but Blake following after, placed certain ships to pour Broad-sides into the Castle and Forts: these played their parts so well, that after some time the Spaniards found their Forts too hot to be held. In the mean time Blake strikes in with Stainer, and bravely fought the Spanish ships, which were not much inferiour in number to the English, but in Men they were far the superiour. Here we see a resolute bravery many times may carry the day, and make number lie by the Lee: this was manifest; for by two of the clock in the afternoon, the English had beaten their Enemies out of their ships.

Now Blake seeing an impossibility of carrying them away,* 9.9 he ordered his men to fire their Prizes; which was done so effectually, that all the Spanish Fleet were reduced to Ashes, except two ships that sunk downright, nothing re∣maining of them above water but some part of their Masts.

The English having now got a compleat Victory,* 9.10 were put to another diffi∣culty by the Wind, which blew so strong into the Bay, that many despaired of

getting out again. But Gods Providence was miraculously seen, in causing the Wind upon the sudden to Vere about to the South-West, (a thing not known in many years before) which brought Blake and his Fleet safe to Sea again, notwithstanding the Spaniards from the Castle played their Great Guns perpetually upon them as they passed by. The Wind, as it proved a Friend to bring the English forth, so it continued to carry them back again to their for∣mer station near to Cadiz.

This noble Service made Blake as terrible as Drake to the Spaniard; there being less difference betwixt the Fame and report of their Actions and Exploits, than in the sound of their Names; and it was accordingly resented here by all parties. Cromwel (whom it most concerned) sent his Secretary to acquaint the House with the particulars,* 9.11 who ordered a Thanksgiving, and 500 l. to buy the General a Jewel, as a testimony of his Countries Gratitude, and the honour they bore him; One hundred pound to the Captain that brought the Tidings, and Thanks to all the Officers and Souldiers: and shortly after the Speaker returning home, (being so bruised and torn in the late Engagement, that she was unfit for further service till repaired) the Captain of her (Richard Stainer) was Knighted, who indeed deserved that Honour from a better Hand; nor did his merit miss of it.* 9.12 This was atchieved on Munday the 20th of April.

The Protector having refused the Title of King, (awaiting a more oppor∣tune time and advantage to reach that top and height of his Ambition which inwardly tormented him) was now by the Parliament to be confirmed in his former Dignity; and a Committee called of the Settlement was ordered to pre∣pare an Explanatory part to the Humble Petition and Advice, in respect of the Protector's Oath, his Councils, the Members of Parliament, the other House, which was to consist of sixty and odd Lords of Cromwel's Election, of which in their place we shall give an account: all which being prepared and finished, the Lord Craven thought it a fit time for him to offer his Case to the Parliament,* 9.13 by whom a day was no sooner set for Hearing, and the Protector's Council or∣dered to attend; but he sends a Letter, directed to Our Trusty and Well-belo∣ved Sir Thomas Widdrington, Speaker of the Parliament, to Adjourn: but un∣derstanding the main business of the Assessment was not yet finished, he sent another to forbid his former; but desired them to make it their sole Affair. Whereupon the Lord Craven was referred to the first day of their Access after the Adjournment.

* 9.14When all the Acts were ready for Signing, the Protector came to the Painted-Chamber and sent for the Parliament, where the Speaker tendered him these Acts of State, besides others relating to Trade, &c. 1. An Act for Assess∣ment of 60000 l. a Month, for three Months from March, for the three King∣doms. Another Money-Act for 50000 l. for three years, at 35000 l. for Eng∣land, 6000 l. for Scotland, and 9000 l. for Ireland. An Act for preventing mul∣tiplicity of Buildings in and about the Suburbs of London, and within ten miles thereof: and a whole years Revenue to be paid for every Dwelling or House built upon any new Foundation since 1620. (and this was the reason and soul of that Law.) An Act for punishing such as live at High Rates, and have no visible Estates. And lastly, for the observation of the Lords day. There was a Bill brought in for ascertaining and satisfying the Publick Faith, that these Patriots might seem to intend the ease of the people; but it was but once read and committed, and resumed afterwards to as much purpose very briskly by the Council of this Protector. At the signing of these, Cromwel made this short Speech.

* 10.1I perceive, that among these many Acts of Parliament, there hath been a very great care had by the Parliament, to provide for the just and necessary support of the Commonwealth, by these Bills for Levying of Money now brought to me, which I have given my consent unto; and understanding it hath been the practise of those

who have been chief Governours, to acknowledge with thanks to the Commons, their care and regard of the Publick, I do very heartily and thankfully acknowledge their kindeness herein.

The principal substance of the Humble Petition, &c. was this.

1. That his Highness under the Title of Lord Protector,* 11.1 would be pleased to ex∣ercise the Office of Chief Magistrate over England, &c. and to Govern according to all things in this Petition and Advice; also, that in his Life-time he would appoint the person that should Succeed in the Government after his Death. 2. That he would call Parliaments, consisting of two Houses, once in three years at farthest. 3. That those persons who are Legally chosen by a Free Election of the people to serve in Parliament, may not be excluded from doing their Duties, but by consent of that House whereof they are Members. 4. In the fourth, was shown the qualifica∣tions of Parliament-Members. 5. In the fifth, the power of the other House. 6. That the Laws and Statutes of the Land be observed and kept, and no Laws al∣tered, Suspended, Abrogated, Repealed, or new Laws made, but by Act of Parlia∣ment. 7. For a constant yearly Revenue, ten hundred thousand pounds to be setled for maintenance of the Navy and Army, and three hundred thousand pounds for sup∣port of the Government, besides other Temporary supplies, as the Commons in Par∣liament shall see the necessities of the Nations to require. 8. That the number of the Protector's Council shall not be above one and twenty; whereof the Quorum to be seven, and not under. 9. The Chief Officers of State, as Chancellors, Keepers of the Great Seal, &c. to be approved of by Parliament. 10. That his Highness would encourage a Godly Ministry in these Nations; and that such as do revile or disturb them in the Worship of God, may be punished according to Law; and where the Laws are defective, new ones to be made in that behalf. 11. That the Protestant Christian Religion, as it is contained in the Old and New Testaments, be asserted and held forth for the publick profession of these Nations, and no other▪ and that a Confession of Faith be agreed upon and recommended to the People of these Nations; and none be permitted by Words or Writings to revile or reproach the said Confession of Faith, &c.

Which he having Signed, declared his acceptance in these Words.

That he came thither that day,* 12.1 not as to a Triumph, but with the most serious thoughts that ever he had in all his life, being to undertake one of the greatest Bur∣thens that ever was laid upon the back of any Humane Creature, so that without the support of the Almighty, he must sink under the weight of it, to the damage and prejudice of these Nations. This being so, he must ask help of the Parliament, and of those that fear God, that by their Prayers he might re••••ive assistance from God: For nothing else could enable him to the discharge of so great a Duty and Trust.

That seeing this is but an Introduction to the carrying on of the Government of these Nations, and there being many things which cannot be supplied without the assistance of the Parliament, it was his duty to ask their help in them; not that he doubted: for the same Spirit that had led the Parliament to this, would easily suggest the same to them. For his part, nothing would have induced him to take this unsupportable Burthen to Flesh and Blood, but that he had seen in the Parliament a great care in doing those things which might really answer the ends that were engaged for, and make clearly for the Liberty of the Nations, and for the Interest and Preservation of all such as fear God under various Forms. And if these Nations be not thankful to them for their care therein, it will fall as a Sin on their Heads.

Yet there are some things wanting that tend to Reformation, to the discountenan∣cing Vice, and encouragement of Vertue; but he spake not this as in the least doubting their progress, but as one that doth heartily desire, to the end God may Crown their

Work, that in their own time, and with what speed they judge fit, these things may be provided for.

There remained onely the solemnity of the Inauguration or Investiture; which being agreed upon by the Committee and the Protector, was by the Par∣liament appointed to be performed in Westminster-hall;* 12.2 where at the upper end thereof, there was an ascent raised, where a Chair and Canopy of State was set, and a Table with another Chair for the Speaker, with Seats built Scaffold∣wise for the Parliament on both sides, and places below for the Aldermen of London, and the like: All which being in a readiness, the Protector came out of a Room adjoyning to the Lords House, and in this order proceeded into the Hall. First went his Gentlemen, then a Herald; next the Aldermen, another Herald, the Attorney-General, then the Judges, (of whom Serjeant Hill was one, being made a Baron of the Exchequer Iune 16.) then Norroy, the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, and the Seal carried by Commissioner Fiennes; then Garter, and after him the Earl of Warwick with the Sword born before the Protector Bare-headed, the Lord Mayor Titchborn carrying the City-Sword (by the special Coaks of the Protector) by his left Hand. Being seated in his Chair, on the left hand thereof stood the said Titchborn and the Dutch Em∣bassador, the French Embassador and the Earl of Warwick on the Right; next behinde him stood his Son Richard, Fleetwood, Claypool, and the Privy Coun∣cil; upon a lower descent stood the Lord Viscount Lisle, Lords Montague and Whitlock, with drawn Swords.

* 12.3Then the Speaker (Sir Thomas Widdrington) in the Name of the Parlia∣ment, presented to him a Robe of Purple-Velvet, a Bible, a Sword, and a Scep∣ter; (all which were precious Tokens of the Parliaments favour.) At the de∣livery of these things, the Speaker made a short Comment upon them to the Protector, which he divided into four parts, as followeth.

• * 12.41. The Robe of Purple, this is an Emblem of Magistracy and imports Righte∣ousness and Iustice. When you have put on this Vestment, I may say you are a Gown∣man. This Robe is of a mixt colour, to shew the mixture of Iustice and Mercy. Indeed, a Magistrate must have two bands, Plectentem & amplectentem, to che∣rish and to punish.
• 2. The Bible is a Book that contains the Holy Scriptures, in which you have the happiness to be well vers'd. This Book of Life consists of two Testaments, the Old and New: the first shews Christum Velatum, the second Christum Revela∣tum; Christ Vailed and Revealed: it is a Book of Books, and doth contain both Precepts and Examples for good Government.
• 3. Here is a Scepter, not unlike a Staff; for you are to be a Staff to the Weak and Poor: it is of antient use in this kinde. It's said in Scripture, that the Scep∣ter shall not depart from Iudah. It was of the like use in other Kingdoms; Ho∣mer the Greek Poet calls Kings and Princes Scepter-bearers.
• 4. The last thing is a Sword, not a Military but Civil Sword, it is a Sword rather of defence than offence; not to defend your self onely, but your People also. If I might presume to fix a Motto upon this Sword, as the Valiant Lord Talbot had upon his, it should be this, Ego sum Domini Protectoris, ad protegendum popu∣lum meum, I am the Protector, to protect my People.

This Speech being ended, the Speaker took the Bible and gave the Protector his Oath: afterwards Mr. Manton made a Prayer, wherein he recommended the Protector, Parliament, Council, the Forces by Land and Sea, Government, and People of the three Nations, to the protection of God. Which being en∣ded, the Heralds by sound of Trumpet Proclaimed his Highness Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the Dominions thereunto belonging; re∣quiring all persons to yield him due obedience. At the end of all, the Prote∣ctor, with his Train carried up by the Lord Sherard, Warwick's Nephew, and

the Lord Roberts his Eldest son, returned in the same posture, the Earl of War∣wick sitting at one end of the Coach against him; Richard his son and Whit∣lock in one, and Lord Lisle and Montague in the other Boot, with swords drawn, and the Lord Claypool Master of the Horse led the Horse of Honour in rich Caparisons to White-hall. The Members to the Parliament-house, where they Prorogued their sitting to the twentieth of Ianuary.

Great Rhodomontadoes of Proclaimings, and little less than Blasphemy in the several Addresses in and from all parts of the three Kingdoms, were the vapouring and ranting conclusions of this story▪ which reduceth to memory another terrible occurrence to the Protector, amidst those ambages and suspence of a Crown, namely a Book published under the Title of Killing no Murther,* 12.5 by which it was proved, and that most evidently, that it was not onely Lawful but Honourable to slay this Tyrant: It was a very ingenious and Learned Piece, and frighted Oliver exceedingly, who searched for it as Herod did in another case; but it could not be discovered: whoever the Author was, his Book and he deserves everlasting memory. It was also attended like the pre∣ceding part of his Usurpation, with a most terrible blow of Gunpowder,* 12.6 out of a Mill neer Wapping, which ruined and destroyed several Houses, and killed several persons, and answered with its crack and vicine Eccho the but just-ceased Guns from the Tower of London upon that occasion; or as others said, it was an Introduction or Warning-blow of the intended mischief by the Committee for New Buildings, who now began their work in all earnestness, sitting in Salisbury-Court at Mr. Sadler's the Town-Clerk of Lon••••n. This was seconded with as remarkable an Earth-quake at Bickly in Cheshire,* 12.7 on the eighth of Iuly, where some twenty yards of Ground, with three great Oaks and other Trees, fell as with the noise of a Cannon (the same tenour of allu∣ding Fate in its portents against this Governour-General) thirty yards deep in the ground,* 12.8 where nothing but Water could be discovered. Other accidents of Murther and Slaughter there were: one Butler, a Comrade and Companion of one Knight's, Servant to one Worth a Silk-man, then upon his affairs at Bri∣stol, being tempted with the sight of the Money, which lying with this Knight in his Masters absence he had opportunity to observe, cut his Friends Throat after some strugling, and escaped with the Money; but was most providen∣tially discovered. One Parsons Lieutenant-Colonel to Pride, being set upon in the Highway for his Purse, and making resistance, was shot, for all the care of his Comrades the Major-Generals, whose Authority now began to wain. But that which is most remarkable of these occurrences and casualties, was the Execution of Captain Bernard, for Robbing the House of his Colonel Winthrop, Colonel in Harrison's place and Regiment,* 12.9 wherein, this Bernard, for betraying his former Colonel the Noble Eusebius Andrews, as before, had a Troop given him by the Long Parliament; so commensurate was the Divine Justice to his sin, punishing his Treachery against the one, by his crime of Burglary against his other Colonel. He made applications to Cromwel, and alledged his past, and proffered great future service for a Reprieve; but even Cromwel himself thought not such a fellow fit to live; besides, he was infamous, and too well known; and he had new ones of greater abilities retained to that purpose, no way in the world suspicable of such practises, namely one Corker a Minister formerly in York-shire, but a violent and Active Royalist in the War, and one that had a hand in that Exploit of killing of Rainsborough; and a Knight for∣merly Governour of Newark, far more eminent in the Royal service; of which presently.

The Forrain adjunct transactions, were first the Danish War with the Swede, then engaged in a far distant War with the almost-subdued Pole. The reason of this suddain Rupture, was the like Invasion made by the Swede some thirteen years before, and wresting by his Arms some Provinces from that Kingdom, of which now this occasion offered them the recovery; however it answered not its promising beginnings.

The Duke of York, who Commanded a part of the Spanish Army, was mar∣ching to joyn with other Forces to the Relief of Montmedy-Castle in Lorrain, besieged by the French Marshal de Ferte. While the English Forces joyned with four Regiments of Horse; were advancing from Vervins, part of them, to the number of 300, quartered in a Castle something distant from the Body, the Duke with a Brigade attaqued, and thereupon they presently yielded and, took up Arms with him: notwithstanding this inauspicious entrance, they marched and joyned with Turenne, then at the siege of St. Venant,* 12.10 where Colonel Mor∣gan in an attempt made by his men, (who seeing some of their fellows in dan∣ger, bravely forsook their Trenches) took a Hal••-Moon, and lodged themselves under the Counterscarp, (the custom of taking Towns there being by slower progressions) which mainly conduced to the speedy surrender of that place. Colonel Morgan received a Wound in his Arm at this siege. From thence the United Forces marched towards Dunkirk, having gained and secured the Passes upon the Colne, that they might march either to Gravelin or Dunkirk; but the latter being aimed at, they took up their first quarters at Bourbrock, designing upon Mardike-Fort: some of the English quartered at Watton, where there is a Colledge of English Jesuits, and where there was between them a reciprocation of civil usage. Mr. Talon Was dispatcht by Turenne for more supplies, and Colonel Reynolds followed him to London, and in the mean while, about the middle of September, the Armies sat down before Mardike, and put themselves between it and Dunkirk, General Montague riding before the Splinter with a Fleet of War: it w•••• not long before a continual Battery had made the Besieged quit the Wood•• Fort; which so incommodated them, being seized by the Enemy, that they were forced to yield to Mercy, Sept. 23.* 12.11 Turenne not allowing bet∣ter, because they had refused his first offers: the Fort was immediately put in∣to the possession of the English, a party of French being added to them, under Colonel Morgan; and the rest of the Army (it being thought unadviseable to attempt a Siege against Dunkirk, the Winter growing so hard upon them) returned to Bourbrock where the English took up their Winter-quarters to be neer Mardike, and the French at Ardres. Afterwards it was resolved that two Regiments, to wit, Colonel Reynold's and Alsop's, should march into French quarters, and relieve (and be relieved) every two Months their fellows here∣abouts; to the strengthning of which place, and while the Fortifications were finished, Marshal Turenne staid some time with his Army.

The taking of Mardike was very grievous to the Dunkirkers and Spanish∣side, and therefore it was resolved by Don Iohn to hazard a Scalado and Assault by night: The illustrious Duke of York and the Marquess of Caracene ordered and were present in the business; and the King our Soveraign, and the Duke of Gloucester, had conveyed themselves to Dunkirk, to see the management of this attempt. On the 22 of October at night, some 4000 English, Scotch and Irish,* 12.12 and some Spaniards, about ten a clock at night began the Storm with Hand-Granadoes, and all sorts of Assaulting Engines, and were got into the Trenches, and mounted their Scaling-ladders; but the English within being in a readiness, and Reynolds, Morgan, and Lillingstone, being at that same time there, the Assailants were with great slaughter repelled and beaten down; the Great Guns from the English Fleet (riding at the Splinter) firing their Broad∣sides, being directed by four great Links (set up in the Corners of the Fort) how to miss it: nevertheless, about four a clock the Duke commanded the Assault to be renewed again; which was done with greater fury, but to as little advantage; which event with the approaching day-light caused a retreat, the Dead being most of them carried off in Waggons. There were some hundreds guessed to be slain, but the number is uncertain.

This was a rude accost and greeting of Country-men, which used to be the most obliging in Forrain Countries; but Rebellion is a Witch (as they are compared with a pejoration of the former in Scripture) that had transformed the Military part of the Nation. Often have we fought on both sides, but were

never opposed in any Battle one against another, much less to fight an home∣bred quarrel of our own in Out-landish ground. The Noble Duke therefore thinking the Hearts of the Leaders of this Garrison, if they had any true Eng∣lish Worth or Honour suitable to their Commands, might be touched with the unnaturalness of the Fact, and a sense of their Allegiance, and respect to their Rightful Soveraign, and himself the next Prince of the Blood, (against whom they indirectly and collaterally militated) as being now out of the Reach, Influence, and Awe of the Usurper, sought therefore by fair means to win this Party, which would highly and sufficiently conduce to his Majesties Service, to their obedience. In order to this, by the means of a Scotch Knight (whose Name slips our present use) well acquainted with Colonel Reynolds, he was prevailed upon to give the Duke a meeting in the mid-way betwixt Dunkirk and Mar∣dike, which are distant about two miles, with a party of Horse on either side. Reynolds at the approach of the Duke did the reverence which was redevable to his Highness, and shewed himself in all respects as became him towards such an Illustrious Personage, and with the same handsome demeanour departed to the Fort. What conference they had was never perfectly related, for it was private; but the very news of the meeting in that amicable respectful man∣ner, being conveyed with speed to Cromwel, caused in him such jealousies and distrusts, that inflamed with anger at this his great Confident and Favourite, he presently dispatcht away a Messenger to Command him for London; which he, and Colonel White, with one Mr. Devaux the Secretary to Reynolds, readily obeying, and taking the first ship was ready, and that would venture to go off; (which was a Dutch Pink of 10 Guns, in a stormy night the 12 of December, a Frigat offering to wait on him next Morning) he was cast away the same night on the back of the Goodwyn-sands,* 12.13 his Chest, Sword and Belt being found thereabouts, and thereby saved the ungrateful excuse of his duty, and pre∣vented the prejudiced revenge of his Master Oliver. Morgan Commanded in his place till the arrival of Marshal D' Aumont, (who brought with him Monsieur Mancini the Cardinal's Nephew, desirous out of curiosity to see this vicissitudinary Fortress) who had the supreme Command, but devolved the exercise and trust thereof to the same hand as before. Here Marshal D' Au∣mont was furnished with some ships of ours for a designe upon Ostend, which he had thought he had surely purchased: but of this hereafter.

As to other Forrain News, there was great discourse about the right to the Vi∣cariat or Vicarship of the Empire, which now happened by the Death of the Emperour Ferdinand the 4 of Austria, his Son the King of the Romans being dead some while before. It did indisputably belong to the Prince Elector Pa∣latine; but upon the quarrel for the Crown of Bohemia, he was proscribed and degraded, and the Duke of Bavaria (a descendant of the younger House) did now assert and maintain that right, as lately confirmed on him by the Empe∣rour against the Palatine; and so it remained sub judice.

The Protector (the War growing hot betwixt the two Northern Kings, the Dane having attaqued Bremerwarden, a very strong place, and soon after Mastered it) dispatcht away two Envoys Extraordinary,* 12.14 viz. Sir Philip Me∣dows Knighted by himself (afterwards by that King with the Order of the Elephant) to the King of Denmark, and since by our Soveraign; being the same Gentleman that was employed before to the King of Portugal: and Co∣lonel Iephson to the King of Sweden, then journeying Post out of Poland to encounter this new Enemy. They were both well received, the first at Copen∣hagen, the other (by the way of Lubeck) at Wismar, whither the Swede was arrived: to whom, during this offered Mediation betwixt both, Cromwel sent supplies of 2000 Men and Arms from London, Yarmouth, and Hull, in several ships; so radicated was his Hate against the most offenceless and distant Allies and Relations of the Crown, as the Dane was; which he took all occasions, how villanous and base soever, to render of feared and damnifying consequence, and dangerous prejudices to all the neighbouring States and Princes. A Decla∣ration

of another Massacre of the Protestants in Poland, upon the return of that King into those hinder parts of the Kingdom which had submitted to the Swede, and were now by him deserted; but the designe of the other of Pied∣mont was yet recent and rank, and so it took not.

* 12.15At home, Cromwel was now Swearing his Privy-Council over, according to one of the Articles of the Humble Petition and Advice, and the Earl of Mul∣grave was made one of them; and because the Parliament had declared the next succession into his Dignity should be at the appointment of himself by Act or publick Declaration, he thought it time to produce his Son Richard, and to train him in the Government. He was therefore made another Lord of the Council, and the Chancellorship of Oxford (which the Protector had resigned) was bestowed on him, and a solemn Instalment of him by Dr. Owen the Vice-Chancellor was acted with all the Formalities at White-hall. The course of his life before this calling to the State, spent it self in the pleasures and divertise∣ments of the Country, where he appeared in a medium of privacy and great∣ness, tempering one another to the estimate of a civil and noble disposition, manifested in several kindnesses obtained at his Fathers hands for the Loyal Gen∣try, to whose Converse and Familiarity he was out of policy addressed, to the captating their good will and favour, towards the easier ascent to his designed Soveraignty. Cromwel's other Son Henry was also in Progress in Ireland, shewing himself to the Army and People these,* 12.16 upon the same account, that Kingdom being allotted to him for his Inheritance, to hold it or this in Fee. Fleetwood was intended for Scotland in the same capacity and Command, but Hic labor hoc opus, General Monke was not easily removed thence; fair means were not effectual nor practicable as things stood, and a Rupture or Revolt of that Kingdom was not to be ventured on by any open force or declared War against him. His third Daughter Mary was likewise promoted to an honoura∣ble Match, being Married to the Lord-Viscount Faulconbridge on the 18 of No∣vember,* 12.17 with a great do of State at Hampton-Court, (the recess and delight of the Usurper, whither he went and came always in an hurry and post; nor did he dare to be further off from the City of London.) This Title was con∣ferred on the Family of Bellasis by the King in the War,* 12.18 and was taken for valid upon this Wedding. His youngest Daughter Francis was soon after Married to Mr. Rich the Earl of Warwick's Grand-son. A new Charter, constituting a new East-India-Company, (which Trade had lain in Common for some years) now passed the Seal,* 12.19 Cromwel being one of them, and putting in a Stock: which turned to the account of his Majesty (as of due) some time afterwards. Mr. Downing was sent his Envoy into Holland. One Colonel Saxby taken at Gravesend on shipboard, (of Syndercombe's Counsel) being a Leveller, died (as was supposed of Poyson) in the Tower of London; which rendered Syndercombe's end more plainly suspected.

* 12.20The Festival of Christmass, which had been abrogated by several Lawless Or∣dinances, and endeavoured to be suppressed, revived its head, and began to recover its pristine veneration. This greatly offended the Usurper, who per∣ceived that notwithstanding all his Edicts and Interminations against the Church and her Protestant-Professors,* 12.21 the true Religion prevailed against him, and with that infallibly the Kings Interest would joyntly rise, the thought of which was most grievous, and not endurable. Notice being given him now of a private Assembly solemnizing the mercy and memory of that day, at Dr. Gunning's at Exeter-house in the Strand; he sent a Band of Red-coats to seize them, who over-and-above Plundered and Stript many of them, and carried some away Prisoners to answer this contempt against his Injunction.

And so without any Blood (which was taken for a wonder) in this inter∣val, we are arrived to the return of the Parliament after the expiration of the Adjournment, when according to the 4th Article of the Petition and Advice, which provided for the freedom of Parliaments, and another for Another House, as 'twas called (Cromwel giving it that Nick-name or Mid-word, as bordering

upon an Upper-House of Parliament, and of the same new coyning as Prote∣ctorship, which entrencht upon the Soveraignty: ut Canis, sit Catuli.) They met together in two Houses, that of the Commons to their full number of Ele∣ctions, that of the What do ye call um's in the House of Lords, in and accor∣ding to the usual customs of the Peers. These conscious of their own worth∣lessness, and their inconsistency with the English honour, like the basest of Up∣starts, bewrayed their meanness by all manner of abject compliance,* 12.22 and faw∣ning upon the Commons their half-Parent, who being rightly constituted, dis∣owned the spurious Brat, as a by-blow of the former Convention; and with such scorn and derision did they receive the notice of their meeting there, be∣sides the neglect of it, as if they had been the most ridiculous fellows in the World, a may-game, spleen-moving spectacle; with What did they there? who sent for them? what was their business? like intruding Fidlers to serious Company. Notwithstanding, these Imps of the Usurpers Prerogative, as instructed, persisted in their Courtships and Blandiments of the Commons as aforesaid. (It should have been mentioned, that Oliver in his Speech to them did highly magnifie the Settlement, as beyond all expectation that ever such brave things would have been done for England, and hinted much of the establishment of Religion, (the Neck whereof was just then broken, as we may say) and that if they persevered in that hopeful beginning, the Generations to come should call them Blessed.)

That posterity may be fully informed of the Institution, Number, and Names of the aforesaid fellows of the other House, in brief take this account. The Parliament left the choice of them to Cromwel by the Humble Petition, and he graced with this Dignity most of his superiour Officers, some Grandee-Com∣nonwealths-men, some Presbyterians, some of the Nobility, as the Earl of Manchester, Lord Wharton, Lord Mulgrave, all of his Privy-Council and Re∣lations, and one or two private Gentlemen, of which Mr. Hambden was one: The Nobility prudentially forbore sitting with that riff-raff, the Presbyterians with much scruple, but Sir Arthur Haslerig utterly abominated it, and kept his station with the Commons, as so contra-distinguished. The whole number named was 62, of which some ten were the worst of Mechanicks, such as Pride, Hewson, Kelsey, Cooper, Goffe, Berry, &c. whom we refer to the ensuing Catalogue, to which the Names of the Judges and Serjeants are added.

The Members of the other House, alias House of Lords.

• Lord Richard Cromwel.* 12.23
• Lord Henry Cromwel Deputy of Ireland.
• Nath. Fiennes Commis. of the Great Seal.
• Iohn Lisle. Commis. of the Great Seal.
• Hen. Lawrence, President of the Council.
• Charles Fleetwood Lieut. Gen. of the Army.
• Robert Earl of Warwick.
• Edmund Earl of Mulgrave.
• Edward Earl of Manchester.
• Will. Ld. Viscount Say and Seal.
• Philip Lord Viscount Lisle.
• Charles Lord Viscount Howard.
• Philip Lord Wharton.
• Thomas Lord Faulconbridge.
• George Lord Evers.
• Iohn Cleypole, Esq.
• Iohn Desbrow, Generals at Sea.
• Edw. Montague. Generals at Sea.
• Bulst. Whitlock▪ Commis. of the Treasury.
• Wil. Sydenham. Commis. of the Treasury.
• Sir Charles Wolsley.
• Sir Gilbert Pickering.
• Walter Strickland, Esq.
• Philip Skippon, Esq.
• Francis Rous, Esq.
• Iohn Iones, Esq.
• Sir William Strickland.
• Iohn Fiennes, Esq.
• Sir Francis Russel.
• Sir Thomas Honywood.
• Sir Arthur Haslerig.
• Sir Iohn Hobart.
• Sir Richard Onslow.
• Sir Gilbert Gerrard.
• Sir William Roberts.
• ...

• Glyn, Chief Justices of both Benches.
• Oli. St. Iohn. Chief Justices of both Benches.
• William Pierrepoint, Esq.
• Iohn Crew, Esq.
• Alexander Popham, Esq.
• Philip Iones, Esq.
• Sir Christopher Pack.
• Sir Robert Titchborn.
• Edward Whaley▪ Commis. Gen.
• Sir Iohn Berkstead, Lieutenant of the Tower.
• Sir Thomas Pride.
• Sir George Fleetwood.
• Sir Iohn Huson.
• Richard Ingoldsby, Esq.
• Iames Berry, Esq.
• William Goff, Esq.
• Thomas Cooper, Esq.
• George Monke, Gen. in Scotland.
• David Earl of Cassils.
• Sir William Lockhart.
• Archibald Iohnson of Ware∣ston.
• William Steel Chancellor of Ire∣land.
• Roger Lord Broghil.
• Sir Matthew Thomlinson.
• William Lenthal, Master of the Rolls.
• Richard Hampden, Esq.

Commissioners of the Great Seal, and their Officers.

• ...Nathaniel Fiennes.
• ...Iohn Lisle.
• William Lenthal, Master of the Rolls.

Officers Attending.

• Henry Middleton, Serjeant at Arms.
• Mr. Brown.
• Mr. Dove.

Judges of both Benches.

• * 12.24Iohn Glyn, Lord Chief-Justice.
• Pet. Warburton, Justices of the Upper-Bench.
• Rich. Nudigate. Justices of the Upper-Bench.
• Oliver St. Iohn, L. Chief-Justice▪
• Edward Atkins, Justices of the Com. Bench.
• Matthew Hale, Justices of the Com. Bench.
• Hugh Windham, Justices of the Com. Bench.

* 12.25His Barons of the Exchequer.

Robert Nicholas, Iohn Parker, and Roger Hill.

Serjeant at Law,

Erasmus Earl.

Atturney-General,

Edmund Prideaux.

Sollicitor,

William Ellis.

Serjeants at Law called by Him to the Bar.

• * 12.26Richard Pepys, 25 Jan. 1653.
• Thomas Fletcher, 25 Jan. 1653.
• Matthew Hale, 25 Jan. 1653.
• William Steel, 9 Febr. 1653.
• Iohn Maynard, 9 Febr. 1653.
• Rich. Nudigate, 9 Febr. 1653.
• Tho. Twisden, 9 Febr. 1653.
• Hugh Windham, 9 Febr. 1653.
• Vnton Crook, 21 June 1654.
• Iohn Parker, 21 June 1654.
• Roger Hill, 28 June 1655.
• William Shepard, 25 Oct. 1656.
• Iohn Fountain, 27 Nov. 1656.
• ...Evan Sithe.

But to proceed: after Cromwel had made that fair Speech, Fiennes the Lord-Commissioner of the Seal resumed (by his order) the discourse, which was to beg more Money: for Cromwel's Heart could not stoop to such Humble O∣ratory; declaring, That the Money granted (though thought sufficient) fell much beneath the expence and necessity of the State, especially that Tax of the new

Buildings failed altogether of what was expected and intended by it; and so recom∣mended the whole affair to their consideration. Being sate in the Houses (as aforesaid) the other House sent to the Commons (by two of their number) a Message for a day of Humiliation,* 12.27 but were returned with this Answer, The House would consider of it; and then they fell upon a Vote for two Months time to exhibite any Petitions against undue Elections, and assented to a Humilia∣tion, which was kept within the Walls of both Houses, by Dr. Reynolds, and Mr. Caryl, Mr. Calamy, and Mr. Griffith, half Presbyterian, half Independent, as was the temper and constitution of this Assembly.

This past, they fell a questioning the Frame of the Government, which their fellow-Members had erected during their Seclusion; which yet notwith∣standing was carried but by two Voices in the Affirmative: and in a resolution of unravelling it all again they proceeded very fiercely; which being told at White-hall, allarmed on the other ear with danger from abroad, and that the designe had already footing in some of the adjacent Counties; Cromwel dallied not with this two-handed necessity, but to rid himself of the nearest first, ac∣companied with his Guards, he by Water came to the other House, and sent for the tother; and having ranted away a quarter of an hour out of the old Bias, (for now he plainly perceived the old stales would not serve, and that his Life and Greatness lay at the same stake;) to break them up, he broke forth into very rash and cholerick Language, to which, as a pertinent resolution, co∣rolla••y and period, he added an adjuration to the stain of his larved san∣ctity, in these or such Words,* 12.28 — By the Living God I must and do dissolve you.

As to the Royal Enterprize, it was begun ever since the Investiture of Oliver, who suspecting such practises, had with Money debauch'd the Fidelity o•• Sir Richard Willis, and one Corker a Parson as aforesaid, that now professed Physick, and made always one at any Match or Horse-race whatsoever; and being a noted Royalist, scrued himself into all Royalists Company and Discourse. The Treachery of these men was employed, and now manifested in this affair, and thereby Cromwel was certified, that the Marquess of Ormond personally labour∣ed in t•••• Intrigue, and for that purpose was arrived in England, to lead the Forces of the Loyal Combination, which were instantly to be seconded with an Army out of Flanders:* 12.29 Just therefore as the designe was ripe, he emitted out a Proclamation of twenty miles, and seized divers eminent Royalists, and among them Sir Richard Will••s; and Feak the frantick roarer of Sermons was sent to bear them company, but soon after (when this danger from the Kings party was more compert) released. The Marquess of Ormond latitating some∣where in Sussex, very difficultly, by the assistance of one Mr. Graves a Gentle∣man of that County, got away in a small Boat, and escaped seizure; so neer was he set, and the designe so particularly discovered.

While those were the private close Intrigues at White-hall, more publique ones were agitating in the Army, in the three Kingdoms; from every Regiment whereof Addresses were signed and sent to the Protector, wherein they glanced upon the late Parliament, and offered themselves, and more than they were worth, to the defence of his Highness's Person and Government, against the Common and Secret Enemy: the like came from Mardike; (who joyned with some French, had made an excursion towards Graveling, and surprized and taken two out-Forts, and so returned:) the same Complement came also from the County-Troops, and their Officers, who attended the Sheriffs, and succeeded in the room of the Major-Generals, (now (for their Exorbitances and dangerous power even to their Author, and because the work for which they were called was over) laid aside) in place of Liveries, to lessen (as was pre∣tended) the charge of that place; but in truth the Protector knowing he could not be served ••aithfully by the Gentry,* 12.30 would name such, no matter whom, as he could confide in; and the expence of retinue and treating the Judges being taken off, a Yeoman or Tradesman of the well-affected might serve turn, and

make profit of his place, as in all other Offices of the Commonwealth; and in this very prick for the year coming of 58, Cromwel observed the Rule he had given, which was in its place omitted.

The Victorious Blake returning into England from the Coast of Spain, ha∣ving awed all the Ports and Harbours thereof, fell sick by the way of a Disease his Seafaring had brought upon him,* 12.31 the Scurvy and Dropsie, and died just as the Fleet was entring into Plymouth-Sound, where he passionately enquired for the Land.* 12.32 A man of eminent Fortitude, both active and passive. A master of as many Successes and Atchievements, as any person except Cromwel, being never Worsted but once in his whole Warfare, and that was in the Downs by Van Trump, and had merited exceedingly of his Country, had he been as tender of its Home-bred as Forrain Honour, of which he was jealously observant, it serving for his argument to keep the Fleet free from any Divisions of Factions upon the news of the several changes in England. He was buried with a hand∣some Funeral, just in the same manner as General Dean was from Greenwich; but especial notice was taken of Colonel Lambert's (then in disgrace) atten∣dance on his Horse, between whom there was it seems a more intimate corre∣spondence. He was Interred in Hen. 7th's Chappel, as other of the Grandees that died in the Usurpation usually were, without any other Monument than that of his Indelible Renown for pure Valour.

Anno Dom. 1658.

NOw did the Usurper feel the Thornes of his unjust Acquists in the restless Fears and Disquiets, which measured every moment of his time, his sleeps being disturbed with the apprehensions of those dangers the day presented unto him in the approaches of any strange Face, whose motion he would most fixed∣ly attend. Above all, he very carefully observed such whose mind or aspect were featured with any chearful and debonair Lineaments; for such he boded were they that would dispatch him: to that purpose he always went secretly Armed,* 12.33 both offensive and defensive, and never stirred without a great Guard. In his usual Journey between White-hall and Hampton-Court, by several Roads, he drove full-speed in the Summer-time, making such a dust with his Life-guard, part before, and part behinde, at a convenient distance, for fear of choaking him with it, that one could hardly see for a quarter of an hour together, and al∣ways came in some private way or other: he likewise never Lodged above twice or thrice in a Room, to which there was no passage but by twenty several Locks. Sometimes he would pretend to be merry, and invite persons of whom he had some suspition to his Cups, and then drill out of their opened Hearts such se∣crets as he fisht for. He had freaks also to divert the vexations of his misgi∣ving thoughts, calling in by the beat of Drum his Foot-guards, like a Ken∣nel of Hounds to snatch away the scraps and reliques of his Table. He saw every mans hand was against him, and that he ran daily into farther perplexi∣ties, out of which it was impossible to extricate, or secure himself therein, without running into further danger, so that he began to alter much in the tenour of his former converse, and to run and transform into the manners of the ancient Tyrants, thinking to please and mitigate his own Tortures with the suf∣ferings of others.

* 12.34Thus began the year with a Proclamation of the old relish, for Royalists to depart London twenty miles, &c. and instantly Colonel Russel, Sir William Compton, Sir William Clayton, and other old Prison-guests of that party were Committed to the Tower; but many of those against whom the information from the two aforesaid intelligencers was given, were Gentlemen and Citizens

not in any service or designe before;* 12.35 whether out of some reluctancy of con∣science they would not ruine their old Comrades, or for fear of discovering of his Spies, of which he should have perpetual need, Cromwel thought not fit to engage and set them upon such face to face, they being not otherwise to be de∣coy'd. These fresh-men were some of them Citizens of London; as Mr. Manly a Merchant, Mr. Carent, Mr. Iackson, and Mr. Sumner: the other principals, &c. were Mr. Mordant the Earl of Peterburgh's Brother, and Dr. Iohn Hewet Preacher then at St. Gregories by Pauls; Mr. (after Sir Thomas) Woodcock, Mr. Maunsel, both engaged in the Kings escape and shipping out of Sussex from Worcester; Mr. Mallory, Mr. Stapely, Mr. Hartgil Baron, and others: most of these were taken and kept close Prisoners, till such time as some were wrought upon to witness against their fellows, and then set at liberty. The Designe was laid in Kent, Essex, Surry, and Sussex; the King being ready to have passed over,* 12.36 (as before) with an Army under the Conduct of the Count of Marsin, the Prince of Conde's General, newly honoured with the Order of the Garter: but this Treachery frustrated the Designe.

Which being so well known to Cromwel, and that other places, as Portsmouth, Hull, and such Maritime Fortresses were treated for and reckoned into the bar∣gain; he set afoot the like practises by his own Emissaries and Trepans, viz. upon Sir Henry Slingsby a Prisoner off and on ever since Worcester-fight in Hull, some of the Officers whereof insinuating into his acquaintance, and casting out some disgustful words against the Protector, and mixing some overtures of their good will to the King; withal intimating that if he could procure a Commission from his Majesty for them,* 12.37 the Town was at his service. The old Loyal Gentleman gladly embracing a proffer of such concernment, made use of an old Commission he had by him; which being the length of their Line, these Officers hooked him, and sent him up to the same Condemnation a Prisoner in the Tower. The Names of these Officers were Major Waterhouse, Captain Overton, and one Lieutenant Thompson.

The chief Actors being thus secured, Cromwel, to Collogue with the City, sent for the Mayor and Aldermen, and communicated to them the Plot, naming several persons and particulars, many of which he accommodated to the dan∣ger of the City, and dressed them for their horrour and resentment, telling them that the danger was not over, though so happily foreseen; taking hereby the advantage of having a new Militia chosen of the most desperate Phanaticks, and his party in London, &c. A general Train was soon after made in Finsbu∣ry-fields, and Addresses by the Officers, testifying their resolutions to adhere to the Protector, delivered in very express and humouring Language. When he had thus raised the expectation of the story, (though the chief in the business understanding they were detected, and many of their associates in Prison, had defisted from any further Attempt) on the 16 of May he doubled his Guards,* 12.38 and sent an Alarm to the City, that that night the Royalists had appointed for their rising and firing the Town; and forthwith marched several Forces of Horse and Foot into the Liberties; the Drums of the Trained-bands likewise beat, and all the 6 Regiments appeared presently, and kept Guard that night, being employed for the most part in seizing some of those Citizens afore-mentioned, with divers others, as Mr. Southcot, Mr. Hern, and some young men and Ap∣prentices whom his Drags had Trepan'd. These made work for a High Court of Iustice, now founded and erected upon a Law of the late Parliament, the Act for security of his Highness's person; who restrained the power thereby given with this clause, that they should Try none but such as should be named to them by him or his Council; for it might be by the same Sophistry as the Par∣liament fought against the King for the preservation of his Person, they might try the Usurper for the security of his Highness. Such a strange Judicature was this High Court of Iustice, that they that advised, framed, and established it, could not tell how to binde or tye up the Mastiff from tearing his Masters Throat: — Nec Lex est Iustior ulla, Quam necis artifices arte perire sua. — Certain∣ly

haunted the minde of this Tormenter; most of the Lords of the other House were Commissioners herein, the Earl of Salisbury being named among them.

* 12.39Before these, Sir Henry Slingsby and Dr. Hewet were first brought, and Sir Henry charged that he and one Gardiner (never heard of, but such another as Iohn Doe) did Traiterously Conspire against the Life and Dignity, &c. and the said Trepans brought as Evidence to prove it. He defended himself by alle∣gation that that which was said by him was but in jest and discourse, and that the Action was altogether impossible, he being but a single person. Dr. Hewit would not acknowledge the Court, but pleaded several Cases against it, and was taken or surprized for a Mute. Had he pleaded, it is thought he might have escaped; for Mallory (the main Witness against him) was fled for the present.* 12.40 Next, Mr. Iohn Mordant was set to the Bar, who argued his Case so warily and pliantly, after a Demurrer to the Court, taking Notes of the Witnesses Evidence, that he alone of the three was quitted but by one Voice; Colonel Pride (his undoubted Fate, troubled with the Stone, and being long at Urine) withdrawing himself on that occasion, while in the mean time the Court by one suffrage agreed upon his acquittal; so that he may well be said Evasisse Calculis, it being the custom of the Court to give Sentence by plurality of Voices. Mr. Mallory being retaken, together with Sir Humphry Bennet and Mr. Woodcock, were charged next with the said Designes. Mallory pleaded Guilty, and was respited and saved. Sir Humphry Bennet's Cause was not then de∣termined. Mr. Woodcock so handsomely and bravely defended himself, that they could not fasten the Charge. In the mean while, on the 8 of Iune, Sir Henry Slingsbury and Dr. Hewit were beheaded on Tower-hill;* 12.41 Sir Henry suffer∣ing very readily and with submission; the Doctor most devoutly and coura∣geously, with prayers for the King. The Tyrant not satisfied with this, brought in more, viz. Mr. Carent, (in whose Ware-house Arms were found) and Iohn Summers, Edward Stacy, Iohn Bettely, Edward Ashton, Oliver Allen, and Fryar to the same Bar, where they were all but Mr. Carent Condemned, who escaped by the noble refusal of one Mr. Pits of the same party (whose Examination they relyed upon) to give Evidence against his Friends, and chose rather to suffer Imprisonment, and a Fine of 500 l. to be laid on him, than to be branded with the note of Treachery, how fairly soever to be excused. Three of the other,* 12.42 viz. Ashton (as before, and at the time of his seizure, a Prisoner to Newgate) and Iohn Bettely, were Executed at Tower-street and Cheap-side by Hanging and Quartering, both protesting their Innocency: Bettely after he had hung almost a quarter of an hour, pulled off his Cap with his Hands. Stacy two days after was Hanged against the Exchange in Cornhil. None of them but were worthy of far better ends; which made the Tyrant most Execrably Odious.

* 12.43The old Earl of Warwick (presently after the Espousals of his Grand-son young Mr. Rich, with Frances the youngest Daughter of the Protector) died April 18. to whom, his late honorary services, and dishonourable Relations to this Protector, were none of the least unhappinesses. At the end of May the Lord Faulconbridge the other son (for Fleetwood nor Claypole had either Man∣ners or Worth to be employed in the Complement) was sent away with a great Train to Salute and Gratulate the French King, now at Calis, upon the opening of the Campania, and was received very splendidly, in the mean while that his Uncle Sir Henry Slingsby was adjudged to Death: and though he re∣turned on the fifth of Iune, three days before Execution, and did what he could to save him; yet all proved in vain: for since Mr. Mordant and Mr. Woodcock had escaped, there was no room for his life. Soon after, Monsieur Mancini, Ma∣zarine's Nephew, and the Duke of Crequi, came hither with the return of the Complement, and were entertained highly at Brook-house and at Hampton-court, with Feasting and Hunting, and presently returned; and that I may have done with this wretched Family of Cromwel,* 12.44 the Lady Claypole died at Hampton-court

August 6, of a disease in her Inwards; and being taken Frantick with the stop∣ping of her Terms, raved much against the bloody cruelties of her Father, and about the death of Dr. Hewit, for whom (to give her her due) 'tis said she interceded. She was brought by Water to the Painted-chamber, and in State buried in Hen. 7th's Chappel; her Aunt Wilkins being Mourner, &c. The Earl of Mulgrave died coming up to London,* 12.45 August 21. and though misplaced, I must remember the great Whale 60 foot long, that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 up as far as Greenwich, Iune the 2, to the wonder of all people, and the dange••ous pastime and sport of such, who hunted him with Guns and other Weapons; thousands of people went down to see it upon the Sand.* 12.46 Sir Thomas Widdrington was made Lord Chief-Baron, and the High Court of Iustice Adjourned till Novem∣ber. And so we pass to the Flandrian-Coast, to take an entire view of the joynt Forces and actions in those parts against the Spaniard and our Soveraign, then concerned in that War.

A formidable Si••ge was framed before Dunkirk,* 12.47 by the joynt Forces of Eng∣lish and French, w••••ch hotly Alarm'd the Spaniards in all their quarters: here∣upon Don Iohn of Austria takes these two things into serious consideration: first, the Importance of the place; ••or its Situation, it was a Key to Flanders, a Frontier to France, (next after Graveling) and a certain supply of Moneys, by continual Booties brought in thither by his Men of War. On the other side, should he l••se Dunkirk, the English (in whose possession it would be put) had a Door opened, and fit opportunity to bid fair for all Flanders: Here might an Army be landed from England, and from hence incursions made into the heart of the Country. In the mean time, the Spanish Ports, Newport and Ostend, could expect no less than to be perpetually infested by Men of War; which would utterly spoil their Trade,* 12.48 and ruine the Inhabitants. These and such∣like considerations, mounted Don Iohn upon fixt resolutions to undertake the Relief of Dunkirk, though it were to the hazard of his whole Army.

In the mean while, the Confederate Forces Beleaguering this strong place, did in a small time (working like Moles) run their Trenches to the Spanish Counterscarp; and still encroaching upon the Wall, they promised fair to a speedy accomplishment of their Designe. These things were well known to the Spanish Army, who now saw the Relief of Dunkirk would admit of no delay; for were it not speedily accomplished, the Town of necessity must lie prostrate to the Enemies mercy. The better to effect which therefore, Don Iohn the Spanish General, having drained his Garrisons to fill up his Army, suddenly advanced with 15000 men to the relief of his distressed Friends; these by a swift march through Fuernes, quickly seated themselves upon some sandy Hills, within an English mile and a half of Turenne the French General's Camp.

The report of the Enemies neer advance, made both the French and English Officers consult upon the best course that could be taken to repel the Force that now sate upon their Skirts, and endeavoured to frustrate their labours in the present Siege, if no worse success. Time for consultation being short, (for it was on the over-night) they agreed unamimously to give the Spaniards the next morning a warm Breakfast. All this night the Officers of both Nations were very busie to provide for the ensuing action; the Army being found suffi∣cient to fight a Field-battle, and at the same time to keep the Besieged from ranging abroad. For this service most of the English were drawn from their Entrenchment; and being joyned to the French Horse, they marched against the Enemy. In the morning (both Armies being come near together) it was perceived, the Spaniards posture was rather Defensive than Offensive; but the English Commanders knowing it was no time to dally, and being desirous withal to shew the Discipline of their own Country, (which is to make seeing and fighting all one) did presently mount the Sand-hills, with a Forlorn of 300 Musqueriers,* 12.49 Commanded by Captain Devaux; after these followed the newly-made General Lockhart's Regiment, and others successively. The Spa∣niards

perceiving that the resolution of these men was furiously to fall on at But-end, as highly resolved to keep them off at the Arms-end, by pouring down perpetually Volleys of Great and Small shot.

General Lockhart (newly preferred to that Command, and Embassador ne∣vertheless to the French King) seeing the French unwilling to enter, now the English had opened the gap; and on the other side, seeing the gallantry of his own Regiment, who although they could no longer gain ground, yet still kept their station, notwithstanding they were exposed to the Enemies Assaults; caused a considerable Brigade of fresh men to reinforce those that had first born the brunt of the Battle. This Reserve (through General Lockhart's care) coming in time to the relief of their tired fellows, made no long delay, but fell into the Spanish Foot with the But-ends of their Musquets, who not being able to withstand their courage,* 12.50 left the Field, and fled towards Fuernes. The French Horse seeing the good success of the English Foot, did likewise make a Charge upon the Spa∣nish Cavalry, who being disheartned with the routing of their Infantry, thought it their safest course to run after them. But the French shewed excellent va∣lour in Pursuit: for the day being won, none durst stand in their way; the poor Spaniards were sadly handled by them, and hew'd down on all sides; and be∣ing extreamly scattered in their flight, both the English and French were put to the trouble of gleaning for Prisoners; the custody and benefit of whom re∣dounded only to the French, the English being meerly Auxiliary in this Field, and were to be recompenced by the Siege of Dunkirk, whither in Triumph they returned, and possessed themselves of their former Posts.

* 12.51This Fight was managed chiefly on the Spanish side, by the noble Duke of York, (accompanied with his Brother the Duke of Gloucester) the Military Renown of whose actions very early raised it self in the French service, (as be∣fore) and was brighter far, and more eminent in the glories of this day, which suffering an envious Eclipse, drew greater admiration upon him: he did not only maintain the Fight till the irresistible daring gallantry of the Honour∣seeking Red-coats made the Spaniard abandon his Punctilio's, and mend his re∣treating pace, but sustained the impression upon the flight, and at least saved the day. Colonel Blague, who Commanded the Kings Regiment there of Foot, did very nobly likewise. Of that side were slain 1000 and odd, and 1500 taken Prisoners, with all the Artillery, Bag and Baggage, besides 800 Officers, (upon which account the French refused Ransome or Exchange, because Don Iohn should be straightned for Commanders to his new Levies.) Of the slain were the Counts of Motene and Mille, the Sieurs of Coligni and Bo••teville. On the French side were slain, the Marquess of Biragne Captain of the Cardinal's Guard, the Sieur Berbezet Lieutenant-Colonel to Turenne, with some Captains; the Marquess of Castelnau was mortally wounded through the Body, of which he died during the siege of Graveling (which was next besieged by the French alone under Le Ferte, where the Marquess of Vxelles, the Counts of Varennes and Moret were killed by one shot) the Marshals Staff of France being given him for a Cordial upon his Death-bed. On the English side were slain Lieutenant-Colonel Fenwick in ascending the Hill, who died of his Wounds; and one Co∣lonel Drummond a Scotch Voluntier: Capt. Iones, who Commanded the Horse in Hispaniola, did venturously and gallantly here; but was taken Prisoner, and recovered again, and Knighted after by Cromwel. Some 200 Red-coats were slain in the Battle: after which, the resolute Governour of Dunkirk the Mar∣quess De Lede (in a Salley he made) was shot with a Bullet by the English;* 12.52 which Fate he owed more to his Honour than his Reason.

He being dead, a cold damp seized upon the Dunkirkers,* 12.53 who seeing what pro∣digous Balls of fire were flung out of the English Morter-pieces into the Town, were sorely terrified thereby; and so much the more, in regard of their not being accustomed to such Engines, his Holiness the Pope having prohibited the use of Granadoes amongst his Catholicks, to prevent burning of Churches. Considering therefore that the longer they stood out, the harder would be their

Terms; and seeing all hope of Relief by Land was lost, the Sea secured against them, and daily discouragements arising every way; therefore, to prevent fur∣ther inconveniences, the Spaniards offered Capitulation; which being easily granted,* 12.54 it was agreed that the Town should be surrendered upon these fol∣lowing Articles.

1. That the Town should be yielded up with all the great Guns, their stores of Victuals, Magazine of Arms and Ammunition, without any Imbezlement. 2. The Officers and Souldiers to march out with Drums beating, Colours flying, two pieces of Ordnance, and their Baggage. 3. That they should have the liberty to march with a Convoy to conduct them to St. Omers. 4. The Inhabitants to re∣main indemnified in their persons, and to enjoy their former Customes and Priviled∣ges for two years, and not to be molested touching the Exercise of their Re∣ligion.

These Articles being ratified by the King of France, this strong Town of Dunkirk was delivered up into the hands of the English,* 13.1 by the King of France and Cardinal in person, upon Tuesday Iune the 25, 1658. The Spaniards at the same time quitting it. Here marched out 1000 Horse and Foot, and 700 more (that had been Wounded in the Siege) followed after, as their strength gave them leave. The English having possession of the Town, found in it 140 Guns, all Brass except eight, with Ammunition and Provision sufficient to maintain it for a great while longer than it was kept.

Dunkirk thus possess'd by the English, the Inhabitants were sworn to Fealty and Allegiance to the Protector, and a Regiment of Foot, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Troop of Horse were commodated to the French under Marshal Turenne, yet keeping the Field, while La Ferte carried on the Siege at Graveling, and the Cardinal at Dunkirk diverted himself with the delightful Wonder the Naseby, as he at his treatment on board the same by General Montague expressed himself.

The Fortune of this Usurper, by its constancy and confluence of success in so many desperate hazards and adventures, in which his ambition had enga∣ged him, made the Nation give him over for impatible, and as one exempted from those Conditions to which other Mortals were obliged, and with a setled Terrour to expect the Extremity of all mischief, and that it would come at last to that Calamity and Tragical Slavery, of delivering our Children and Po∣sierity Tributaries and Vassals to the Lust and Dominion of his new-found Fa∣mily. Nothing was more certainly concluded on, than this, that before we should arrive at our Liberty, and our Fundamental Rights and Laws, we were to pass through another Red-sea, and its like coloured Element of Fire. Such his untractable obstinacy and fixed resolution of uncontroulable Empire or vast Ruine, that Nero's Jambick would better and more amply have fitted Oliver.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Blend Fire and Earth together when I die.

Nor had ever any that confidence in any presages or Fortuning-accidents, as to suppose them of any manner of concernment or portent to him? no, though the loud voice of Heaven had Proclaimed it in a most mighty and ter∣rible Wind: for as to that of the Whale, and the approaches of Death to him, in his Family by the decease of Mrs. Claypole; it was thought a foolish curiosity and a wresting of Providence, (so much his Friend and familiar Favourite) to apply their Prognosticks to his departure; and I may safely say, that had it been Treason to Imagine the Death of this Protector, very few but his Doctors would have been guilty of it; and one reason was, the verdure of his Lawrel and yet-flourishing Triumphs, whose blooming Glories computed him very young and vigorous, (for Fortune is seldom seen a friend to Old Age) which his

trim and dress did help to personate. In short, his own Domesticks and those best acquainted with him, nay even himself, were presumptuously confirmed a∣gainst any thoughts of his death, in the very desperation of his life, as will presently appear.

For it pleased Heaven, that had given us so many bitter Cups to drink, now to throw away the dregs of them in the Carcass of this Usurper, and empty this Vessel of his Wrath, which was as the 7th Vial, justly taking the forfeiture of all his Trophies and Victories, by his surrender on the appointed signal day of the 3d of September,* 13.2 that he might not die in debt to the exhausted credit of Prodigal Success. And who knows but he might decease on that his Ru∣brick day, which he annually celebrated with a Thanksgiving, to give the Na∣tion a most just and solemn cause of gratitude? not to be so uncharitable as to say, that he descended with the train and tincture of that days slaughter, as the further commaculation of his unrepented Parricide.

He was taken sick at Hampton-court, having not been well in Minde some∣time before (troubled with the last frantick words of his beloved Daughter Claypole, who threatned Judgement like another mad Cassandra, and with the insinuations and encroachments of the Republicans party into the Army; nor were some of his Relations taint-free of those principles, but were winding towards them.) The Disease was a bastard Tertian, which appeared not at first of any danger; but after a weeks time it began to shew very desperate Symptoms; wherefore he was removed to White-hall, where his Chaplains, and others of that pious Family, kept private meetings and Fastings for his recove∣ry; of which they were so vainly confident (as before) that they obtruded their unseasonable thanks to God for the certainty of it, and with the same unseasonable flattery and pickthank with the Protector, deluded him into the like perswasion, so that he told his Physicians, He should not die this bout; but the Fits proving worse and worse,* 13.3 and causing him to talk Idlery, and to ••aint often, they in Council concluded, he could scarce survive another Paroxysm: at which the Privy-Council being astonish'd, they immediately repaired to him about his fetling a Successor, whom by the Petition he was to declare in his Life-time; but he was then scarce himself; which they perceiving, interroga∣ted him, if he appointed not his Son Richard? whereunto he answered in the Affirmative. It was thought that he had designed Fleetwood in his ultimate thoughts; but the distraction of the choice betwixt his Son and Son-in-law, had made him leave it undetermined: (a private Will relating to his Family he made at his first sickning at Hampton-court.) Continuing in this condition, he died on Friday the 3d of September, at three of the clock in the afternoon, though divers rumours were spread, that he was carried away in the Tempest the day before. His Body being opened and Embalmed, his Milt was found full of Corruption and Filth; which was so strong and stinking, that after the Corps were Embalmed and filled with Aromatick Odours, and wrapt in Cere∣cloath six double, in an inner-sheet of Lead, and a strong Wooden-coffin; yet the Filth broke through them all, and raised such a noysome stink, that they were forced to bury him out of hand: but his Name and Memory stinks worse.

* 13.4As to his Character, little can be added more, than what hath been said in the progress of this Chronicle: This various shifting Polititian, best shewing himself in his Contaction, nearness and present relation to the several Changes, and diversities of Affairs, Counsels, and Governments he passed; as the Cha∣melion appears in that colour that is next to it, and cannot otherwise be described. He was alter Ego, or with the Comedian, he might have given this devise, Ego∣met ipse non sum Ego; and certainly the first of his designes were Enthusiasted, and he acted beyond himself, as prevailing in many things beyond the power of Reason or Strength, and indeed all imagination; such was the subversion of the Government, a thing not to be thought possible to be projected by one of such (every way) Insufficiencies. He was as feat a Priest as a Prince,

yet acted them both very well, according to the humour of the times, which are the Standard of Government. Sometimes Alloy is as current as pure Metal; and he could never have Princed it, but through the distempers and misrules that raigned before him; and his Preaching was none of the unserviceablest Fun∣ctions to the preceding Anarchy and his own Usurpation: which made him ne∣ver quit it to the last. The Turkish Emperours have always a Trade; and Oliver's was this Knack, with which he was so much in love, that when in the Humble Petition there was inserted an Article against publick Preachers being Members of Parliament, he excepted against it disertly and expresly, Because he (he said) was one, and divers Officers of the Army, by whom much good had been done, and those things brought about; and therefore desired they would explain the said Article. But I am engaged far beyond my bounds. — He was, in sum, fit to have made a Prince of Tartars, or some other Cannibal Barbarous and Perfidious people; or had he been a Hun or a Vandal, we should have read him big and Famous in History. His Court-friends did so far extol him, that after his Death Sterry, one of his Sycophant Chaplains, was heard to preach, That he was certain, that that blessed Person (meaning Cromwel) was now sit∣ting at the Right Hand of God making Intercession, &c. which was more than any meer Humane Glory could reach unto: and his Funerals were set out to such a pomp and ostentation, to vouch that value which by such people was set upon him.

Here should have been inserted the Honour he arrogated to himself by be∣stowing of Dignities: but there being but one Viscount seigned by him, and he the right Noble now Earl of Carlisle, and some Baronets and Knights that are weary of their Titles; I will not further weary the Reader.

RICHARD'S SHORT Usurpation.

THE Protectorian Government, like a Hybrida or Mungrii-Monster begot of two different Species, the Army the Sire, and the Commonwealth the Dam, could not be imagined in Reason propagable; however Fortune, that sports her self in strange productions, prevailed against the course of Nature in her Political principles, for this one Experiment or Curi∣osity, meerly to demonstrate the power of her proud and most scornful inconstancy. This miserable Person (as far as she could make him such) Richard the Son and Successor of Oliver, being meerly set up as the But and Object of all her disgraceful and contemptuous injuries, with which she Implacably exercised the deposed Estate of this Impotent Usur∣per.

The Vulture died, and out of his Ashes rose a Titmouse, who with the Frog in the Fable, being swollen up with the flatteries and fond advice of his Coun∣sellors,* 13.5 durst vie his greatness with the Regal right, till the tumid Bubble burst and vanish'd into nothing. His great encouragers to his assuming the Title,

were Fleetwood himself, Desborough his Uncle, Sydenham the two Iones's, and Thurloe, who with other of the Council, (some of whom from this time pro∣vid••d themselves of a surer interest in the Crown) upon notice of the death of his Father, immediately in a body attended him in his Lodgings, and decla∣red to him his Fathers appointment of him for his Successor; which they did most obediently acknowledge to him, as their Rightful and most Indubitable Prince and Governour; and the next morning, being Saturday, Proclaimed him in great State, (the said Lords, and most of the Superior Army-Officers attending the solemnity) at the usual places in London; the tenour of which was,* 13.6 That whereas it had pleased God by his providence to take away the most Se∣rene and most Illustrious Oliver Lord-Protector, who according to the Petition and Advice, in his life-time had declared the most Noble and Illustrious, his Son the Lord Richard Cromwel to be his Successor: the Council, the Lord Mayor, the Of∣ficers of the Army therefore do heartily and unanimously acknowledge the said Lord Richard as rightful ••rotector and Chief Magistrate, and do require all persons to yield obedience; beseeching God, by whom Princes Raign, to bless him with long life, and the Nations under him with peace and happiness.

This being over, the Mayor a••d Aldermen of the City of London, according to Order from the Council, that Saturday in the afternoon came down to White-hall, and Condoled and Congratulated Richard at once; and in their sight Fiennes the Lord-Commissioner gave him his Oath,* 13.7 which was sufficient inau∣guration to the Protectorate, according to the said Humble Petition; and Mr. Manton the peculiar Chaplain to this Dignity, as Prelate of the Protectorship, said Prayers, and Blessed him, his Council, Armies, and People: and so the Scene ended.

Notice was also given by Sir Oliver Fleming to all Forrain Ministers and Em∣bassadors of the Decease of the Father, and the setting up of the Son; who all came and Condoled, and then Congratulated him in very ample manner, especially the French; though the Cardinal then at Paris, immediately upon the news that Cromwel was Dead,* 13.8 hastened to our Queen Mother, and congratula∣ted her in a ••incerer and more effectual manner, telling her, that the grand Ene∣m•• of her and her Family was no•• removed, and that most certainly and in∣fallibly the Restauration of the King our Soveraign was at hand; as indeed it was concluded, and I will add, resolved on here by all his Friends, and some of his former Enemies: and from this very time the ground-work of his Restau∣ration was most artfully layed.

But these Aiery Complements were nothing comparable to the Domestick Addresses which fl••w•••• flocks from all parts of the three Nations of White-hall, to salute and 〈…〉〈…〉 his assumption to the Soveraignty: he was celebra∣ted there for the excellence of his Wisdom and nobleness of Minde; even in some, for the lovely composition of his Body, as if he had been another Titus, Deliciae Gentis & Dominii Britannici. Nay some drops of this Court Holy-water stilled upon his Wife, his Father-in-law and Relations: his dead Father was stiled and compared to Moses,* 13.9 to Zerubbabel, to Ioshua, to Gideon, to Elijah, to the Chariots and Horsmen of Israel, to David, to Solomon, to Hezekiah, to Constantine, to all that was either good or great in Holy or Humane writ; and in most, their parallels were nearer to Blasphemy than any of his qualities: he was lamented as the Father of his Country, (but 'twas in that sence no doubt in which he was caressed by that Book of Killing no Murther; for as long as he lived the people should never enjoy their inheritance:) the restorer of plea∣sant Paths to dwell in; of whom we were not worthy, and what not? every one striving to exceed the other in this monstrous and most absurd vanity; of which the Independent Churches were also most foully guilty, their Addresses being drawn by their Metropolitans, Goodwyn and Nye. These were ordered here first, and Instructions sent down where any of the Council had interest, to get the ablest Pens they could to indite and discant upon this solemn occasion. But the Army for powerful words and number outdid all the other; not a

sneaking Garrison but hired a Scribe to write their minde to their young Ma∣ster Richard.

These Flies tainted the contented and private minde of the unhappy man, who having Maried one Major's Daughter of Southampton, with whom he had a very competent Fortune, aimed at no great things, till the Grandeurs done to him had insinuated Pride, and that inveagled his judgement to a persistency upon the ticklish point of the Supreme Power. He was learned and instructed now to keep State; and for the Government, his Council would take care: from whom, in his name, came first out a Proclamation, continuing all Officers and Justices of the Peace in the life of his dear Father, of most renowned and blessed Me∣mory, as the stile run; whose Funerals were under consultation, to be made and solemnized sutable to the Glory and greatness in which he had left this his Suc∣cessor.

No less therefore than 60 thousand pounds was alloted to defray the ex∣pence thereof;* 13.10 more by one half than was ever used to any King or Queen of England: Some said it was advised by none of his Friends, the designe being thereby to bring him into debt, and so ruine him, which in effect it did, and those that trusted him with Blacks and other Funeral-Accommodation; espe∣cially one Walton a Draper, who in his failure spoiled several Clothiers, whose Goods he had upon his Credit, notwithstanding that Colonel (after Lord) Pride was lately become his Father-in-law, and he himself moreover of Kin to the Protector. The Funeral (because of the great concourse it drew of spe∣ctators) is here fully described, it being one of the chiefest remarques of this short-lived Government, whose Exequies soon after followed.

The Corps (presently after his expiration) being buried by reason of the stench thereof,* 13.11 a Coffin was on the 26 of September, about ten at night, private∣ly removed from White-hall in a Mourning-herse, attended by his Domestick Servants, to Somerset-house, where it remained in private for some days, till all things were in readiness for publick view; which being accomplished, his Effigies was with great state and magnificence exposed openly, multitudes daily flocking to see the sight, which appeared in this order.

The first Room where the Spectators entered, was wholly hung with Black; at the upper-end whereof, was placed a Cloth and Chair of State. In the like manner was the second and third, all having Scutcheons very thick upon the Walls, and Guards of Partizans placed in each Room for people to pass through. The fourth Room was compleatly hung with Black-velvet, the Cieling being of the same; here lay the Effigies, with a large Canopy of Black-Velvet Frin∣ged, which hung over it. The Waxen-Picture lying upon its Back, was Ap∣parrell'd in a rich Suit of Velvet, robed in a little Robe of Purple-Velvet, laced with a rich Gold-lace, Furr'd with Ermins: upon the Kirtle was a large Robe of Purple-Velvet, laced and furr'd as the former, with rich Strings and Tassels of Gold. The Kirtle was girt with a rich embroidered Belt, wherein was a Sword bravely guilt and hatched with Gold, which hung by the side of this Fine thing. In the Right hand was a Scepter, in the Left a Globe: upon his Head was placed a Purple-Velvet-Cap furr'd with Ermins sutable to the Robes. Behinde the Head was placed a rich Chair of Tissued Gold, whereon was placed an Imperial Crown, which lay high, that the people might behold it. The Bed of State whereon he lay, was covered with a large Pall of Black-Vel∣vet, under which was a Holland-sheet born up by six Stools covered with Cloath of Gold. About the Bed was placed a compleat suit of Arms, and at the Feet of the Effigies stood his Crest. This Bed had fix'd about it an ascent of two steps; a little from thence stood eight silver Candlesticks about five foot high, with white Wax-tapers standing in them, of three foot long. All these things were environed with Rails and Ballasters four-square, covered with Velvet; at each corner whereof there was erected an upright Pillar, which bore on their tops Lions and Dragons, who held in their Paws Streamers Crowned. On both sides of the Bed were set up in Sockets four great Standards of the

Protector's Arms, with Banners and Banrols in War, painted upon Taffaty. About the Bed stood men in Mourning bare-headed; and without the Rails, others to receive people in, and turn them out again.

When this Show had been seen for many weeks together, the Scene was then altered; the Effigies being removed into another Room, it was there set up, standing upon an Ascent under a Cloath of State, being vested as it was before, lying; onely now his Purple-Velvet was changed for a Crown. In the same manner (as formerly) were men waiting upon him bare-headed. In this manner he continued until the 23 of November, which day was appointed to carry him with all solemnity to Westminster-abbey.

This great Funeral was performed with very great Majesty, in this manner following. All things being in readiness, the Waxen Picture of the Prote∣ctor (with a Crown on his Head, a Sword by his Side, a Globe and Scepter in his Hands) was taken down from his standing, and laid in an open Chariot, covered all over with Black-Velvet, adorned with Plumes and Scutcheons, and drawn by six horses in Black-Velvet. The Streets from Somerset-house to Westminster-abbey, were guarded by Souldiers in new Red▪coats and Black-but∣tons, with their Ensignes wrapt in Cypres; which made a lane to keep off Spe∣ctators from crowding the Actors.

The Procession.

In the first place went a Marshal attended by his Deputy, and 13 more on Horse-back to clear the way; after him followed the Poor of Westminster by two and two in Mourning Gowns and Hoods; next to them, the Servants of those persons of Quality that attended the Funeral. These were followed by the Protector's late Domestick Servants, and his Barge-men and Water-men. Then came the Servants of the Lord-Mayor and Sheriffs of London. Follow∣ing them, were Gentlemen Attendants on Forrain Embassadors and publick Ministers. After marched the poor Knights of Windsor in Gowns and Hoods: then the Clerks, Secretaries, and Officers of the Army, Admiralty, Treasury, Navy, and Exchequer: Next, the Commissioners of the Excise, of the Army, and Committee of the Navy. Then the Commissioners for approbation of Preachers: behinde these followed all the Officers, Messengers, and Clerks be∣longing to the Privy-Council, and both Houses of Parliament. Next in or∣der followed his Physitians, the head-Officers of the Army, the Officers and Al∣dermen of London. The Masters of Chancery, and his Highness's Council at Law. The Judges of Admiralty, Judges of both Benches, and Lord Mayor of London. The persons Allied in Blood to the Protector, and the Members of the other House. The publick Ministers of Forrain Princes. The Holland-Embassador alone, having his Train held up by four Gentlemen. Then the Portugal Embassador, and the French Embassador, in the like manner. The Commissioners of the Great Seal. The Commissioners of the Treasury. The Mem∣bers of his Privy-Council. All the Grandees in close Mourning, (but it was once advised otherways, for fear of a surprize in the Streets) the rest but in ordinary.

The whole Assembly passing along in divisions, were distinguished by Drums, Trumpets, Banners, and Horses, whereof there were eleven in all, four being covered with Black-Cloath, and seven in Velvet. These passing in fine order, at length came the Chariot with the Effigies, on each side of which were six Banner-Rolls, (twelve in all) born by several persons; and likewise several pieces of the Protector's Arms carried by eight Officers of the Army, attended by the Heralds. Next went Garter principal King of Arms, attended by a Gentleman on each hand bare-headed. Next came the chief Mourner. And to conclude all, came the Horse of Honour, in very rich Trappings embroidered on Crimson-Velvet, and adorned with White, Red, and Yellow plumes of Fea∣thers, being led by the Master of the Horse. The Rear of this brave Show was brought up by the Protector's Guard of Halberdiers, the Warders of the Tower, and a Troop of Horse.

The Effigies in this manner being brought to the West-gate of the Abbey-Church of Westminster, it was taken from the Chariot by ten Gentlemen, who carried it to the East-end of the Church, and there placed the Picture in a most magnificent Structure, built in the same form as one before had been (on the like occasion) for King Iames, but much more stately.

There had been a Convention or Synod of the Independent Ministers resol∣ved upon,* 13.12 and called by Oliver in his Life-time, to make out a Declaration and Confession of their Faith, and to make a kinde of Canon or System of their Tenets and Doctrine; he of all Religions most favouring this: for by their means he began and carried on his Designes. (Sometimes he would offer to make an Agreement and reconcile and unite the Presbyters and them; but when any such thing came in agitation, he would be sure to divide them further than ever.) This Synod or Assembly met now at the Savoy, and Prince Richard had the honour to have his Reign ennobled with a discovery of what Indepen∣dency was, and its consistency, which the World never heard of before, nor was it the wiser or better satisfied now it was fully informed. There was a∣nother as notable a passage, and as memorable: Richard still followed his old Game of Hawking;* 13.13 and being one day with his Horse-guard engaged in a flight, the eagerness of the sport carried him out of their sight; and his Horse Floun∣dring or Leaping short, threw him into a Ditch, where by the help of a Coun∣try-man he was taken out and preserved: he had carried himself very quietly thitherto to all about him; this disaster and accident made him angry, and to charge them roughly with this neglect, telling them, he expected more service and respect, and would have it from them. He began also to be weary of his Old Cavalier-Friends, and to require their absence from his Court, where now the Army beginning to swerve from their loving Addresses, the Republicans and Lambert secretly tampering with them, and undermining their Fidelity and Zeal to Oliver's house, (as it was timely enough discovered) a resolution was taken to call a Parliament to meet the 27 of Ianuary next,* 13.14 and (by pre∣tence of restoring the people to their antient way of Elections, but really) that the Court might command the more Votes, the Burroughs had Writs also se••t to them, and the Elections were all made in the ancient way; onely thirty Members were called by Writs from Scotland, and as many from Ireland, according to the late Combination of the three Nations into one Common∣wealth.

This new kinde of Parliament being met at the time and place appointed, (having heard a Sermon of course at Westminster Abbey, the young Protector also in State coming to the other House, and making a Speech, which was secon∣ded by Fiennes, who began with a gross ridiculous flattery (though designed) What can a man say after the King? a quotation borrowed from the Proverbs) God had so well ordered the Elections, notwithstanding the practices of men, that their English spirit quickly appeared both against Impositions from Court and Army. And though their Counsels were at first interrupted with an Act of Recognition of the Protector, prepared and brought in by the Court, which took up the first fortnight of their time upon the very point of Recognition; yet they were at length extricated from that difficulty by the Expedient of an honest Gentleman, in passing these Votes on Munday the 14 of February 1658. without any division or Negative.

Resolved, That it be part of this Bill to Recognize and declare his Highness Richard Lord Protector, and Chief Magistrate of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging. And 2. That before this Bill be committed, the House do declare such additional clauses to be part of this Bill, as may bound the power of the Chief Magistrate, and fully secure the Rights and Priviledges of Parliament, and the Liberties and Rights of the people: And that neither this, nor any other previous Vote that is or shall be passed in order to this Bill, shall be of force, or binding to the people, until the whole Bill passed.

Their next work was to appoint a Committee for inspection into the Ac∣counts and Revenue of the Commonwealth, which had been lamentably squan∣dered and wasted ever since 1648. and twelve Members versed in matters of account, whereof Mr. Scowen was in the Chair, were selected for this work, and fully impowered for the work they had in hand, in order to the retren∣ching and lessening the charge of the Commonwealth.

On Saturday the 19 of February, they proceeded in the Act of Recognition, and resolved, That it shall be part of this Bill to declare the Parliament to consist of two Houses.

* 13.15And had afterwards several days debate by order, concerning the bounding of the Chief Magistrate's power, and the Bounds and powers of another House, in relation to the former Votes; but could come to no resolution thereupon; the Court-party stickling hard for the Powers given them by the Petition and Advice, and the honest Patriots of the House (whose weighty Reasons then convinced the Commonwealth-party to go along with them) denying it to be a Law, being obtained by force and Exclusion of above a hundred Members in the year 1656. by which force also the Purse was taken from the Commons, by setling a Revenue of 1300000 l. a year, in perpetuity of the Command of the Single person; and the ruling Members of the other House being most of them Officers of the Army and Courtiers; which being allowed for Law, the people would have been absolute Slaves to their power, the Purse being stolen from the Commons as aforesaid.

Whilest the Temper of the House was thus tried, and they appeared suffici∣ently to be English men, divers of the Members of Scotland and Ireland joy∣ning with them in the same resolutions. By the joynt advice of the Court and Army-party, the question of Transacting with the persons sitting in the O∣ther House, as an House of Parliament, was set before them, upon pretended grounds of Law and Necessity, and by Arguments of Force and Interposition from the Army, and of impossibility to proceed in any thing without the said Other House. This attempt was as stoutly opposed for fourteen days by the moderate honest Patriots of the House, as the former; the undoubted right of the antient Peers asserted, and all the said grounds and Arguments confuted, except that of Force; which was not to take place with any thing like a Free-Parliament of English-men. But in the close of the fourteen days debate, wherein much of the Honesty, Ingenuity, and Courage of the English Nation did appear, (seeing all Affairs at a stand till something were resolved in this point) they came in a very full House to this well-qualified Resolution:

* 13.16Resolved, That this House will transact with the persons now sitting in the Other House, as an House of Parliament, during this present Parliament: And that it is not hereby intended to Exclude such Peers as have been faithful to the Parliament from their priviledge of being duly summoned to be Members of that House.

The House of Commons (between the Protector, the Other House, and the General Council of Officers now summoned to meet at Wallingford-house) may well be conceived at this time to have had a Wolf by the Ears, and (ha∣ving shewed themselves English-men and not Slaves) had reason to entertain wary Counsels, having some of their own Members undermining them with∣out doors; and foreseeing a Dissolution, though not knowing whether they should die a Violent or Natural death, or have a mixt kinde of Disease, as it fell out afterwards. And therefore they resolved not to own them in the Other House as Lords, but called them, The persons now sitting in the Other House of Parliament; neither would they treat and confer with them in the usual way, as with the House of Peers, and therefore found out the new word of Trans∣acting; and not intending to have to do with them, but for a tryal, they limi∣ted the time to be during this present Parliament, which they foresaw would not be long: and to Muzzle the new inconsiderable Upstarts sufficiently, (if they should take too much upon them) they asserted the priviledge of the

ancient Peers as a good reserve, if the Parliament should by the Protector and Army be suffered upon second thoughts to sit longer than was first intended. And resolved also, That they would receive no Message from those persons sitting in the Other House, but by some of their own number.

The House of Commons by this time had also by a Saving Vote concerning the Fleet, asserted their interess in the Militia; and had under consideration an Act for taking away all Laws, Statutes, and Ordinances concerning the Excise and new Impost, and concerning Customes, Tunnage and Poundage, after three years. And had vindicated the peoples Liberties, by setting Major-General Overton and Mr. Portman, and divers others (illegally committed by the late Protector) at Liberty without paying Fees, and declaring their Imprisonment and Detention illegal and unjust; and had their Lord-Jaylor Berkstead, and o∣thers at their Bar under question for the same (who was also Arrested upon the Exchange in London,* 13.17 at the Suit of the said Overton, for false Imprisonment.) And had also a high resentment of the illegal sending Free-born English-men against their wills to the Barbadoes, and other Forrain Plantations, and to the Isles of Guernsey and Iersey, out of the reach of the Writ of Habeas Corpus; and had appointed a strict Bill to be prepared for remedy thereof. And had Examined and discovered many other Grievances brought upon the people by the Officers and Farmers of the Excise, and others; and by Major-Generals, amongst which Butler was for his insolent actings and high affronts to the Law and Courts of Justice, put out of the Commission of the Peace, and a Committee appointed to draw up an Impeachment against him. The Committee also for Inspection (be∣fore-mentioned) had brought in and reported to the House the state of the publick Accounts, and of the Martial and Civil Lists in the three Nations, by which it did appear, That the yearly Incomes of England, Scotland, and Ireland, came to Eighteen hundred sixty eight thousand seven hundred and seventeen pounds:* 13.18 And the yearly Expences to Two Millions two hundred and one thousand five hundred and forty pounds: So that Three hundred thirty two thousand eight hun∣dred twenty three pounds of Debt incurred yearly by the ill management of double the Revenue that ever King of England enjoyed. And to maintain the unjust Conquest of Scotland, cost us yearly One hundred sixty three thousand six hundred and nineteen pounds more than the Revenue it yielded.

Many other particulars were under their consideration, as to the Religion and Civil Rights of the people, too long now to be mentioned: but in short, to give them their due, they did some good whilest they sate, both to the pub∣lick and particulars, and intended much more; and did no hurt, gave no Offices nor Gratuities to themselves out of the publick Treasure, nor granted any mo∣ney from the people; which is more than can be said of any Parliament in our memory.

Proceeding thus successfully and hopefully to the general satisfaction of the people in the three Nations who chose them, the Protector and chief Officers of the Army, who were jealous of one another before▪ and Competitors for Govern∣ment, grew now jealous of the House of Commons also, who being the Repre∣sentatives of the people, were become also their Minions and Favourites. It was therefore now thought seasonable to contend among themselves for the power,* 13.19 before the people should recover it from them both. In order to which, the General Council of Officers kept their constant Meetings at Wallingford-house, and the Protector with his party countermined them at White-hall. but we must interrupt the thred of this story, to i••tromit the year 1659. which began with the Voyage into the Sound.

Anno Dom. 1659.

THe former respects and mutual designes betwixt the King of Sweden and Cromwel, which had been promoted so far as to a Treaty concerning pla∣ces of caution for our Engagement and Expence in the Danish War, (Elsenore-Castle newly taken by the Swede, Gottenburgh in his own Province being de∣manded, and Gluckstad and another place offered in lieu thereof) though without any conclusion by the Death of Cromwel, obliged his son Richard and the Coun∣cil, upon the request of the Swede, to send a Fleet into the Baltick-sea; and in the mean time Sea-Officers and Seamen were taken into his Service (who set to Sea in December before, but by stormy and cold weather were forced back again, divers of them by the hardship of the Voyage dying at their return) under the Command of Sir George Ayscue, who was upon his arrival to be Commissioned High-Admiral of Sweden, to mate the Dutch, who then openly sided with the Dane, and had a Fleet of War ranging thereabouts. The Par∣liament likewise, to secure the Commerce and Trade of those parts, conde∣scended to the Expedition, with the Conditions and Limitations aforesaid. At the end of March General Montague was Commissioned by Richard, with a Fleet of 40 sail of the best ships, and manned accordingly; who in ten days time from Yarmouth arrived at the Scaw,* 13.20 and so to Elsenore, where the King of Sweden was, before the Dutch Vice-Admiral de Ruyter, who was coming with another Fleet out of Holland to re-inforce his Admiral Opdam, then at Copen∣hagen. The General here met with Instructions from his Majesty, to whose Cause he had upon the disposition of affairs betwixt the Army and Protector devoted himself; and instead of aiding the Swede, stood more than neutral up∣on the Danes side, having received the like civilities from that King, to the murmur of the Swedes; and several intercourses of intelligence a••d friendship, and other intrigues betwixt the Dutch Admiral and himself frequently passed. But to return to the Parliament.

Now the Game began; out came a Remonstrance from the Army to Richard, setting forth in what danger the Good Old Cause was, (by which term it was cognized ever after:* 13.21) That the asserters of it were every where Vilified, the great Patriots and Patrons of it (the Judges of the King) put into Printed Lists, and marked for destruction, with the ruine of all the Godly and the Cause together: the Army was purposely kept from Pay that they might Mutiny▪ and therefore desired be would signifie as much to the Parliament, for some speedy redress. And in the mean while, the Souldiers that kept Guard made bold with his Victuals, and would stop it from his Table. This Remonstrance was Lambert's and the Republi∣cans project, who never left haunting of Fleetwood's house upon pious and Re∣ligious pretences, soothing him with the complements of his Gifts and Graces, and what happiness it were for the Nation if the Government were laid upon his Shoulders, as no doubt (they urged) it was intended by his Father-in-law. In the heat of this business died Mr. Chaloner Ch••••e, on the 15 of April, their Speaker; a man fit in every respect for the Chair, and of a judgement and resolution as cross to the sway of the Times, which he was designed in this place to oppose.* 13.22

In pursuance of this Remonstrance, Alderman Titchborne, being set at work by the same hands that moulded Fleetwood, engaged Oliver's Militia-Officers of the last Establishment to make an Address to Fleetwood and the Army, whom they promised to stand by, in their defence of the same Good Old Cause; so that being now back'd with these seconds of the City, they resolved on the project of Ruining the Protector (though when too late, the Officers, hurl'd into such confusions that they could neither help themselves nor him (by the implaca∣ble ambition and revenge of Lambert, who had scrued and recovered his interest

in the Officers) would have made him a kind of Duke of Venice, with a Title and a Pension) and Parliament together.* 13.23 Several advices were given Richard all this while by his Friends Col. Ingoldsby, Goffe, and Col. Charles Howard, made a Vis∣count by Oliver; and he urged by them to seize upon the chief of those Army-Conspirators, and dispatch them, as the onely sure way to be rid of their Interest in the Army: he was likewise sollicited by other hands to embrace the Kings Ti∣tle, and close with his party; and there was a report that the Danish Embassador (then Resident here) had Instructions to treat with him about it, to offer him most honourable Terms, and to engage his Masters Word for the perfor∣mance: which hath since been confirmed to be true. As to the Counsel about seizing the Officers, Col. Ingoldsby his Cousen undertook it upon his own score, and engaged at his own peril with his order to effect it:* 13.24 but such the suspense and pusillanimity that possessed Richard, (his neer Relation to Fleetwood and Desborough prompting him to expect nor dread any harm from that party, where they were chief; and he thought himself well enough if he saved his Skin) that he could be brought to no resolution; and so the fair occasion of crushing that Cockatrice of the Rump, which was hatching at Wallingford-house, where Fleetwood dwelt, and by which House that party was distinguished, was totally lo••t. The Protector at last beginning, when it was too late, and but then thinking of securing himself from being surprized with their Complements, and stood upon his Guard. But the Commons-House, as became English-men, wisely and courageously resolved to let the Officers know, that they took them still to be their Servants, though they had for too many years ill deserved their Wages, Rebelling and Usurping the Government at their pleasure: and inten∣ding to try what they meant by the Good Old Cause; which, as they seemed to represent it, smelt of Gunpowder and Ball; and whether the Repentance held forth in their said Representation, were real or Military, passed these Votes on Munday April 18.

Resolved,* 13.25 That during the Sitting of the Parliament, there shall be no Ge∣neral Council, or Meeting of the Officers of the Army, without direction and Au∣thority of his Highness the Lord Protector, and both Houses of Parliament.

And secondly, That no person shall have or continue any Command or Trust in any of the Armies or Nations of England, Scotland, and Ireland, or any the Dominions and Territories thereto belonging, who shall refuse to subscribe, That he will not disturb or interrupt the free-meetings in Parliament of any the Members of either House of Parliament, or their freedom in their Debates and Counsels.

And the same time, to shew their care of the Army, and to prevent jealousies, they passed these following Votes.

Resolved, That the House do presently take into consideration the ways and means for satisfaction of the Arrears of the Armies, and providing present pay for them.

And secondly, That Serjeant Maynard, the Attorney-General and Sollicitor-General, do forthwith prepare an Act of Indemnity for all such as have acted under the Parliament and Commonwealth.

While the House spent the rest of their time in considering how to provide Money without laying new Burthens on the people, great contests grew be∣tween the Protector and the opposite Officers of the Army, both sides keeping Guards night and day againct one another; the Protector having, in pursuance of the Votes of the House, forbidden the meetings of the Officers.

In this divided posture, affairs continued till Friday the 22 of April, on which Morning early, Fleetwood the Protector's Brother, Desborough his Uncle, and the rest of the mutinous Officers, carrying the greater part of the Army after them, and the Protector's party flinching, the Conquest was made without one drop of Blood, (which was strange in so Ancient, Hereditary, just, and un∣doubted a Title) and the Protector••forced to consent to a Commission and Pro∣clamation ready prepared, giving Desborough and others power to Dissolve the Parliament, contrary to the best advice, and his own Interest and promise.

And accordingly the same day, the Black Rod was sent twice to the House of Commons, (from Fiennes Speaker of the Other House) for them to come thither; but they admitted him not in, and much scorned the motion, having ever looked upon that Mushroom-house as the Lower-house, and their own crea∣ture; the language being to send down to the Other House, when they sent the Declaration for a Fast, for a trial of transacting with them. And there∣fore understanding there were Guards of Horse and Foot in the Palace-yard, after some motion made by Mr. Knightly, Sir Arthur Haselrig and others, where∣in Sir Arthur exceeded, That the House should first declare it Treason for any person whatsoever to put force upon any Members of the House: And next, that all Votes, Acts, and Resolutions, passed by any Members of Parliament, when the rest were detained from, or taken out of the House, should be null and void; and other motions becoming English-men to that end, judging them∣selves under a force, and finding they were very unanimous, though neer 400 in the House. In the things proposed they resolved no question, but adjour∣ned till Munday-morning the 25 of April, and attended the Speaker in order through Westminster-hall to his Coach in the face of the Souldiery.

Now the Court (according to the guise of the World in like accidents) shrunk out of White-hall into Wallingford-house; and Fleetwood, Desborough, and the rest of the Officers, great and small; took the Government into their own hands,* 13.26 and discarded their Idol the Protector, whom they had Worshipped and Deified in their Addresses; the Milksop not so much as muttering at these Affronts and Indignities: a fine•• worthy Fellow•• and becoming the greatness of his House, out of which God wonderfully rescued the Majesty Royal and Honour of the Crown of England, from being sullied with such base and sordid wearing (and great talk there once was of such a thing as Richard the 4th.) Within two or three Mornings after this cast out of his Office, instead of his Guards, poor Richard was beset with all the Bayliffs of Middlesex, who had a Writ against him (for a Debt of the late Funeral-Expences) by the Name of Richard Cromwel, Esq.

— Is curre per ALPES Vt pueris placeas & Declamatio Fias.

The House of Commons was also shut up, and entrance denied to the Mem∣bers when they came on Monday (even to Sir Henry Vane and Sir Arthur Ha∣selrig themselves) according to Adjournment; the Court of Requests and all Avenues being full of Souldiers, who told the Members that they must Sit no more.

THE RUMP.

AFTER the new Officers had moduled themselves, Cashiering Whaley, Ingoldsby, Goffe, and divers others of the Protector's party, and restoring Lambert, Haslerig, Okey, and others dis∣placed by Protector Oliver, and played with the Government for a few days, and grew weary of it, (the inferiour Officers and the Pamphlets, that now flew about daily without controul) carrying

things beyond the intention of the Chief Officers; they sent to some of their old ••lackney Drudges of the Long Parliament then in London, who they knew would do any thing so they might be suffered to Sit, and on the fifth and sixth days of May had conference with them; the last of which was at their never-failing Speaker the Master of the Rolls's House in Chancery-lane, where both Officers, viz. Lambert, who had already gotten his old place, and others with him, and Members, viz. Sir Henry Vane, Sir Arthur Haslerig, Ludlow, Iohn Iones, Mr. Chaloner, Mr. Scot, and others, to the number of twenty, sollicited William Lenthal Esquire to sit Speaker again: but he objected scru∣ples in Judgement and Conscience, and the uncertain state of Commonwealth and Army; nevertheless fifteen Articles between the Officers and some of the Members (who it seems over-confidently undertook for the rest) being agreed on at some of their Meetings, they resolved to meet in the House on Saturday the 7 of May; yet that they might do it by surprize, they gave out that they would not sit till Tuesday the 10th of May: But the Itch of Ambition and Lording it over the peopl•• giving them no quiet, on Saturday the 7th of May early they met in the Painted-Chamber at Westminster; and to make up their number, sent for the two chast Cock-Sparrows, the Lord Munson, and Mr. Henry Martin, out of Prison, where they were in Execution for Debt; and Mr. Whit∣lock and Lisle off the Chancery-Bench: and with this addition, being two and forty in number, the Chancery-Mace for hast being carried before them, (whose Names from a Noble Hand, with this Account, I have Transcri∣bed.) viz.

• ...William Lenthal.* 13.27
• Lord Munson.
• ...Henry Martin.
• Mr. Whitlock.
• Mr. Lisle.
• Mr. Chaloner.
• Alderman Atkins.
• Alderman Pennington.
• ...Thomas Scot.
• ...Cornelius Holland.
• ...Henry Vane.
• Prideaux, Attorney-General.
• Sir Iames Harrington.
• ...Ludlow.
• ...Oldsworth.
• Sir Arthur Haslerig.
• ...Iohn Iones.
• ...Purefoy.
• Colonel White.
• ...Henry Nevil.
• Mr. Say.
• Mr. Blagrave.
• Colonel Bennet.
• Mr. Brewster.
• Serjeant Wilde.
• ...Iohn Goodwin.
• Mr. Lechmore.
• ...Augustine Skinner.
• Mr. Downes.
• Mr. Dove.
• Mr. Iohn Lenthal.
• Mr. Saloway.
• Mr. Iohn Corbet.
• Mr. Walton.
• ...Gilbert Millington.
• Mr. Gould.
• Colonel Sydenham.
• Colonel Bingham.
• Colonel Ayre.
• Mr. Smith.
• Colonel Ingoldsby.
• ...Fleetwood.

stole on a sudden into the House: the Invitation of the Army for the sitting of the Long Parliament, (as they call it) being first published in Westmin∣ster-hall; wherein, at the conclusion they added, that calling to minde that Gods presence and his Blessing was visible among the late Members of the Long Parliament, who sate till April 23. 1653. they did invite them to their Trust: and they answer this with a like Declaration, (not dashing at the least upon the Army) setting forth that they are resolved to apply themselves to the discharge of their Trust, and to endeavour a Settlement upon such a Foundation as might best secure all Christian and civil Interest, Liberty, and Propriety, without King, Single person, or House of Peers; and shall endea∣vour

the work of Reformation,* 13.28 so much desired, and often declared for; and a Godly and Faithful Ministry, to the glory and praise of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the reviving and making glad the Hearts of the Upright in the Land.

Upon Notice of their sitting, there being double their number Members of the same Parliament in Town, and many of them in the Hall; to prevent the mischiefs of a surreptitious packed Parliament, they agreed among themselves in the Hall, (though they were doubtful that Parliament was dissolved) that about a dozen or fourteen of them should immediately go to the House:* 13.29 and the persons that did so were these, viz.

• Mr. Ansley, since Earl of An∣glesey, my (right Noble) Author.
• Sir George Booth.
• Mr. Pryn.
• Mr. George Montague.
• Sir Iohn Eveling.
• Mr. Gowen.
• Mr. Eveling.
• Mr. Knightly.
• Mr. Clive.
• Mr. Hungerford.
• Mr. Harley.
• Mr. Peck.

Who though with much ado they got into the Lobby, (where they found Mr. Iames, and Mr. Iohn Herbert) they were not suffered, by the Officers of the Army, to go into the House, though they disputed their priviledge of Sit∣ting, (if the Parliament were yet in being:) but Reason as well as the Laws must be silent among men of War: and therefore after they had fairly made their claim, and found the House under force, they retired, and resolved by Letter to acquaint the Speaker, and those Gentlemen assembled with him, what usage they had received.

And accordingly on Munday the 9 of May, they went to Westminster, where understanding that there were no Guards upon the House, Mr. Ansley, Mr. Pryn, and Mr. Hungerford went up to the House, and had free admittance, receiving the Declaration of the 7th of May at the Door, which was published the same day; but Mr. Ansley walking afterwards into the Hall (the House not being ready to sit) to let the Members know, that though they were repulsed by force on Saturday, the House was open for honest men this day: at his return, Captain Lewson of Goff's Regiment (as he confessed himself) and other Of∣ficers, denied him entrance: he asking them, whether they were a Committee to judge of Members without doors? they said, No, but they were Comman∣ded by their superiour Officers to let none in that had not sate till April 1653. After some reasoning the case with them, the Captain told Mr. Ansley, that if he would give his Parol to return without sitting, he might go in and speak with whom he pleased; so upon his Parol passed to the Captain, he was per∣mitted to go in the second time, and soon after returned, telling the Captain as he came out, that he had kept his Parol, and wished he and the Souldiers would do the like. Mr. Pryn continued still there, and resolved so to do, since he saw there was Force again upon the House; and had some discourse within doors, and made them lose that Morning, and adjourn by reason of his presence, with∣out the Speakers taking the Chair: he attempted to sit again in the Afternoon, but found there a Troop of Horse, and two Companies of Red-coats, Keepers of the Liberties of England, and so bid them farewel: immediately after which, to prevent further interruption in their works of Darkness from Honest men, they barred the Door against three parts of four of the Members of the House, by the following Vote.

* 13.30Ordered, That such persons heretofore Members of this Parliament, as have not sate in this Parliament since the year 1648. and have not subscribed the Engage∣ment in the Roll of Engagement of this House, shall not sit in this House till further order of the Parliament.

Whereupon, Sir George Booth, Mr. Ansley, Mr. Knightly, Mr. Pryn, and the

rest, who had agreed on a Letter to be sent to them, finding them in their old temper of trampling the priviledges of Parliament under foot, and Judging without Hearing, resolved to make no application to them.

Thus we saw (to the vexation of the Kingdom) the same pretended Par∣liament as was sitting in 1653. (till the Protector Oliver by the best act of his life pull'd them out of the House) sitting again upon a Declaration of the Army (whose Slaves they were) to do what they please, as time discovered. And that we might see they could trust few but themselves, and were not chan∣ged, (for all their fained repentance) they were already returned to the Good Old Cause of preferring one another and their Friends into good Offices and Commands, and Counsellors places,* 13.31 as appeared by their Vote of the 9th of May, viz.

The Parliament doth declare, That all such as shall be employed in any place of Trust or Power in the Commonwealth, be able for the discharge of such Trust; and that they be persons fearing God, and that have given testimony to all the people of God, and of their faithfulness to this Commonwealth, according to the Declaration of Parliament of the 7th of May 1659.

And such their proceedings thereupon,* 13.32 that forthwith they chose of their own Members for a Council of State, 21. viz.

• Sir Arthur Haslerig, or the Bishop of Durham.
• Sir Henry Vane.
• ...Ludlow.
• ...Io. Iones.
• ...Sydenham.
• ...Scot.
• ...Saloway.
• ...Fleetwood.
• Sir Iames Harrington.
• Col. Walton.
• ...Nevil.
• ...Chaloner.
• ...Downes.
• ...Whitlock.
• ...Herb. Morley.
• ...Sidney.
• Col. Thompson.
• Col. Dixwel.
• Mr. Reynolds.
• Oliver St. Iohn.
• Mr. Wallop.

Of Persons without the House, 10. viz.

• ...Bradshaw.
• ...Lambert.
• ...Desborough.
• Lord Fairfax.
• ...Berry.
• Sir Tho. Honeywood.
• Sir Archi. Iohnson.
• ...Iosiah Berners.
• Sir Anth. Ashley Cooper, a Gentleman too wise & honest to sit in such company.
• Sir Hor. Townsend, a Gent. of too good an Estate to be hazarded with such a crew.

Next they discontinued the Term,* 13.33 (to the great damage and discontent of the people) because many Suits were depending against Vane and Haslerig. In fine, what they were like to prove, or what good, rather what evil was dreaded and expected from them, to an utter despair and enragement of the whole Na∣tion, did sufficiently appear from the esteem the people had of them, in the E∣lections to the last Parliament; wherein, though none but persons well-affected to Parliaments had Votes, and the persons now sitting laboured hard to be chosen, very few of them were Elected, the people generally looking upon them as apostates from the Good Old Cause; and therefore no wonder they would have that Parliament to which onely they were chosen, never dissolved. Going about (by the example of the Army, whose Apes they were) to co∣zen the people of their Religion, Laws, Liberties, Parliaments and Money, with a Rattle, called the Good Old Cause, which was a Cheat greater than any of the former.

Being thus reseated, and having entred for qualitie (though not for num∣ber) worse, if worse could be, than when they were turned out before, they fell as readily as if there had been no disaster on their power, upon selling the remainder of the King's Lands,* 13.34 as Hampton-court, Somerset-house, Greenwich, &c. All persons were commanded to quit White-hall, whence the miserable Richard (for whom the Army had conditioned for ten thousand per annum for his life, &c. in fear of Arrests, had withdrawn himself into the Country.) Thi∣ther

these his Masters sent to him a Committee, for his submission and resigna∣tion; to which they sweetned him, with a kinde demand of his Debts, of which by their Conditions they were tied to discharge him: He at first answered not home to the Resignation; but being urged (for they knew his Title was as good as theirs) to do it, he in express terms added, He had learnt not to be un∣quiet under Gods hand, and should cause all persons relating to him to behave them∣selves peaceably under the Government, from whom he expected Protection, May 25. Then he gave them a Transcript of his Debts, by the hands of his Steward; and they thereupon took him off a debt of 29640 l. and gave him a Prote∣ction for six Months, and together his dismission, having taken and seized all the Plate, Hoshould-stuff, and other Utensils whatsoever in White-hall, toge∣ther with what Jewels they could finde, into their possession; and so exit Ri∣chard in such a pitiful regardless condition, but by his Creditors, that we shall hear but little of him further in this Chronicle.

They were next saluted with an Address from the Army in Scotland, where∣in they confessed and lamented their former miscarriages towards them; but at the end thereof there was a hard word subjoyned, That the defection was fo∣mented and caused by some of themselves: and this was afterwards construed as a bone of Contention and Jealousie thrown in amongst them.* 13.35 At home the Judges Commissions being expired, they appointed Serjeant Nudigate for the Kings-Bench, Serjeant Atkins and Archer for the Common-Pleas, and Serjeant Parker for the Exchequer, where Wilde and Hill were afterwards placed; and Voted the Courts and the Term to be in as full force as if the Benches were full; afterwards they anew constituted all those Serjeants in Oliver's time; and Bradshaw, Serjeant Terril, (a Buckingham-shire-Gentleman, and one formerly of their party, but never in such publick Office before, and now making use of it to good purposes) and Serjeant Fountain (an eminent Royalist former∣ly at Oxford) were made Lords Commissioners of the Great Seal. Bradshaw was sick, the other two received it at the Hands of the Speaker, at the Clerk (Thomas St. Nicholas in stead of Scobel) his Table, and took the old Engage∣ment; whither came now a Petition or Address from the Army,* 13.36 in prosecu∣tion of their condition of dividing the Judicative and Executive power; and to that purpose they had couched herein a project of a co-ordinate or select Senate, the product of Sir Henry Vane's Wisdome, and conveyed into their Heads by Lambert who was Dominus fac totum. This was promised to be forthwith con∣sidered, and the presenters had the Thanks of the House, who resolved to new Commissionate the Officers; which was done in the same manner as be∣fore, the Speaker in few words declaring, That the Parliament in confidence of their Ability and Fidelity did confer, &c. and this went throughout the Army one Regiment after another. Fleetwood, who (by another of those) by 15 Con∣ditions was to be Commander in Chief by Land and Sea, was made Lieute∣nant-General with the said express Command; the Transcript of an Act so In∣tituled (it being so agreed) being presented, and read, and delivered to him at the Clerks Table aforesaid, as his Commission. Captain Lawson was made Vice-Admiral, and to Command the Fleet for the Narrow Seas this Summer: This disposal laying aside General Montague, who was expected shortly from the Sound, as one in whom they had no confidence, nor any Interest. Addres∣ses likewise came from the Independent and Anabaptist Churches, some of whom kept a Thanksgiving, and invited all the other Congregations of that Sect to joyn with them in that Voluntary Solemnization of this good provi∣dence; the chief of these were one Iessey's and Canne's Disciples, the prime fa∣vourites of this RUMP; which Name it now universally obtained.

And it will not be impertinent to the designe of this Chronicle to give an ac∣count of it, since it was the frequentest word or by-word of the times. This Term was first given them by one Mr. Walker,* 13.37 who writ the History of Inde∣pendency, upon their secluding and debarring the House to their Fellow-Mem∣bers in 1648. when there remained a Fag-end or Tail; but was almost aboli∣shed

by the height and violence of their prosperity, nor was heard of again un∣til Richard's Parliament, when Major-General Brown, repeating the many injuries he had received from that party or Juncto, in a scornful Apostrophe, branded it with this Note of Infamy, The RVMP, which now upon their re-admission again, was their onely appellation, except among their own par∣ty.

To court and oblige the Souldiery about Town, and who as their Guards attended them, they raised the Foot's Pay a penny, and the Horse three pence a day. Colonel Alured and Overton were taken into favour; the last made Go∣vernour of Hull, the other Captain of their Life-guard, which now they had established,* 13.38 Sir Henry Vane's son being their Cornet. Lockhart was also con∣firmed Governour of Dunkirk, from which place they had received Addresses, as also an Embassador from France, another from the States General, from the King of Poland, an Evoy from Sweden, the like from the Hans Towns, from Genoa and Portugal; so far had the dread of those inconsiderable persons, by their former successes, possessed most of the Princes of Europe. Spain's friendship they made themselves sure of, with whom at their breaking up they were in most perfect friendship and correspondence.

They had an eye also to Ireland, and by Dispatches thither had frighted the Illustrious Lord Harry to a tame surrender of that Government into the hands of the Lord Chancellor Steel,* 13.39 and Miles Corbet the Chief-Baron of that Ex∣chequer, upon the very first notice of such Orders coming; which to oblige them the more, he signified by an Express, and that he was preparing to fol∣low with all speed to give them an account of that Kingdom, which he left in a very good condition, and hoped his Successors might reap more content in the Government than he had found. He arrived post-hast immediately af∣ter; and having given his account to the Council of State, had liberty granted him of going into the Country, or whither he pleased, as his Order expresly and indulgently declared.

To perform on their part with the Army,* 13.40 now came out the new Act of Indemnity to all such as had been any way instrumental or active, or concer∣ned in the late Mutations of Government, from the date of the 22 of April, to the 7th of May 1659. with a Proviso of their taking the Engagement. Just in the publication of which, happened a Fray or skirmish at Enfield forrest;* 13.41 the Country who had right of Commons, being deprived thereof by certain Enclosures to new-erected Buildings, by some Officers of the Army, who had purchased the Kings Lands there, and kept Guards there to secure this their Trespass and violence; but the Country-people mastered them, killing one or two, and wounded a Serjeant, took the rest, and got them committed to New∣gate, (for assaulting them as they were throwing down the Ditches and Hed∣ges) whence their good Masters ordered them soon after to be bayled, being nine in number.

To the old trade they fell next against the Royal party, Priests and Jesuits being joyned with them in the same Condemnation; which was, that all such as had not compounded, or compounded and not paid their Fines, should first depart twenty miles,* 13.42 and before the first of August leave the Kingdom, or else suffer as Traytors: notwithstanding the Council of State was impowered, up∣on subscription and security to do as they should see cause in that matter; for besides the old grudge, they had now information of a Cavalier-plot,* 13.43 laid some time before, (by the same hands that betrayed the last to Cromwel, who fearing the quick reward of their Treachery, did the same Offices to this Rump.) Hereupon they began to settle their respective Militia's; and being fully satis∣fied concerning Mr. Mordant's actings for, and correspondence with the King, they required him by Proclamation to appear before the 17 of August, or else his offences should be taken pro confesso; the designe still opening by the unwa∣ry discourses of the Lady Howard, Daughter to the Earl of Berk-shire, and the indiscreet conveyance of some Letters: whereupon she, and Mr. Ernestus Byron,

and Mrs. Sumner, were committed to the Tower; as also Mr. Harlow for some reports and stories of their base actions, by the Council of State, in order to Tryal. The Duke of Buckingham, who had some while before Married the Lord Fairfax's Daughter, and was therefore spighted by Cromwel, who had designed one of his Daughters for him, and had been lately released by Ri∣chard's Parliament out of Windsor-castle, came in now, and gave security for his peaceable demeanour. Arms were every where privately bought up; and on the other side, Ireton the then Lord-Mayor, a very active person, Brother to Ireton deceased, raised a Regiment of City-Horse, though the City Petitioned against it; and the separated Churches raised three Regiments of their Mem∣bers, under Sir Henry Vane, Colonel White, and Skippon, who being through-paced for the Good Old Cause, was by them made Major-General of the City, and all Horses secured therein,

Posts came now from several parts of the Kingdom, of Stirs and Insurre∣ctions; the two first whereof were at Tunbridge;* 13.44 but a party of Horse (the Council of State having right and punctual Information) were soon at the appointed place of Rendezvouze, so that those that would have met there dis∣persed themselves; some few being taken Prisoners. The other at Red-hill in Surrey, where appeared some 100, under the Command of the Earl of Litch∣field, since Duke of Richmond, who upon notice of the Armies Horse advan∣cing, got timely away; young Mr. Sackvile Crow, Mr. Penruddock, and some others of note, among whom was one Captain Elsemere, formerly a Captain in Ingoldsby's Regiment, being taken, and some former Troopers of the same, who were afterwards Sentenced.* 13.45 Colonel Massey appeared likewise in Glouce∣ster-shire; but by the same perfect intelligence at White-hall, he was no sooner up, but he was seized and taken by some of their Horse, and being put behinde one of the Troopers to bring him away, as they were marching down a Hill the Horse fell, and gave the Colonel an opportunity to shove the Trooper for∣wards, and to make his escape into an adjoyning Wood; which was the fourth he made during these troubles. Hertford shire and Essex were associated likewise in the same designe now forming and acting; but the like discovery prevented it; Sir Thomas Leventhorpe and Mr. Thomas Fanshaw hardly escaping a surprize and seizure. Major-General Brown was not idle all the while in London; several Lists being filled with undertakers of the Kings Quarrel: but such was the vigilance of the Council of State who sate day and night, and so many defeats and disappointments, and so many Prisoners evey day brought in, that nothing was done here. Lambeth Gate-house was made a Goal, and Sir Francis Vincent, and Colonel Brown of Surrey, concerned in the Earl of Litch∣field's attempt, were Committed thither.

* 13.46But that which look'd indeed formidable, was the rising of Sir George Booth in Cheshire, who was a secluded Member of the Parliament; with him appea∣red the Lord Kilmorry, Mr. Needham Brother to the said Lord, Mr. Henry and Mr. Peter Brook a Member likewise; Sir William Neil, Major-General Randal Egerton an eminent constant Royalist, who brought his former Valour upon this Stage, and Colonel Robert Werden of the same party, (which last two were put into that Proclamation, wherein Sir George Booth, Sir Thomas Middleton, with their adherents were Proclaimed Traytors) the same Sir Thomas Middle∣ton and his sons who Garrisoned Chirk and Harding Castles, the last belonging of Justice Glyn: there joyned also with him, the Earl of Derby (whose Family Interest in that Country, with the same magnanimous Loyalty this young No∣bleman essayed to resuscitate, and gave great demonstration of his personal worth and Gallantry in the ensuing Engagement: but I may not be (as I ought) copious in his praise.

Nec Deus intersit nisi dignus vindice nodus.)

Colonel Gilbert Ireland, who seized Liverpole, Mr. Warburton, and Mr. Leigh,

the Lord Cholmondley, Mr. Marbury, Mr. (since Sir) Ieoffery Shackerly, and others: these Rendezvouzed at Routon heath, and appeared to the number of 3000 and upwards, where a Declaration was read and published, shewing that they took up Arms for a Free-Parliament, and to unyoak the Nation from the slavery of those men at Westminster. To second this, the noble Lord Byron with Colonel Charles White, with a party from Nottingham, Rendezvouzed at Sherwood-forrest, with a designe on Belvoyr-castle, but were frustrated; and so onward to Derby, where they published Sir George's Declaration, which the Towns-men very well approved of; but Forces under Colonel Sanders being on their way thither, they were forced to sit still, and cry peccavi; Colonel White was taken Prisoner. Another appearance there was about Shrewsbury, but all came to nothing; the Lady Littletons's Sons, and the Whittingtons were herein engaged.

As soon as the news of this Sir George Booth's rising was publique, a Petition was presented to the Parliament from some pretended Cheshire-men, wherein they set forth, that to prevent the like Rebellious Insurrections, the Parliament should discharge all Tenants of their Tenures from Delinquent Land-lords, and that they should hold their Lands thenceforth of the Commonwealth at the same time; and straight a Committee was ordered to withdraw, and bring in a draught of this devi••e:* 13.47 and Major-General Lambert was Commissioned to march with three Regiments of Horse and three of Foot, and some Dragoons, (Militia-forces being to joyn with him in his march) and some Forces out of Ireland under Colonel Zanchy and Ax••el•• to the reduction of Sir George and his Forces. Colonel Desb rough was likewise sent with the same Command, and some Forces into the West. Proclamati••n came out at this time against Mr. Mordant, the Earl of Litchfield ••••jor-Gen••ral Brown, Sir William Comp∣ton, Sir Thomas Leventhorpe,* 13.48 and Mr. Fa••shaw; the three last of whom render∣ed themselves within the time; the two first fled; and the Major-General awaiting another opportunity, absconded himself at Stationers-Hall, by the faithful secrecy of Captain Burrough••. The Earl of Stamford, who was like∣wise engaged in this business, was taken at his House in Arms, and carried Pri∣soner to Leicester, which was the condition of many other Gentlemen; the Earl of Oxford Prisoner to the Serjeant at Arms, the Lords Faulkland and De∣laware to the Tower, whither not long after was brought the Lord Viscount Falconbridge, the Lord Bellasis, and Earl of Chesterfield, Lord Charles Howard, and Lord Castleton. Lambert with no great hast marched to the Confines of Chester, desirous to make a War of it, and to settle himself in the Souldiers af∣fections; but such course had been taken by his Masters, that very few accessions of strength came in to Sir George more than what were first numbered, who nevertheless resolved to abide the fortune of Battle, and drew up neer Norwich (whither Lambert was advancing) in the Meadows adjoyning, having the Rivers before them, and the Bridges guarded; but Lambert's Horse and Foot resolutely fal••••••g on together at the Bridge,* 13.49 the Fight was soon over, all the defence being made by one Morgan a gallant Gentleman, and some Horse of his Troop, who presently died of his Wounds. There were not above 30 kil∣led in all, and some 500 taken Prisoners, and most of the Gentlemen and Of∣ficers. This was August 16. and presently the Army advanced to Chester, (where Colonel Croxton yet held out the Castle) and had it presently delivered; from thence to Leverpool, which was yielded likewise by Colonel Ireland, while in the mean time Colonel Zanchy and Axtel took in Chirk-castle, delivered by young Mr. Middleton upon terms of having two Months time to make Addresses to the Parliament; the rest were to be Prisoners of War, and among them was Colonel (since Sir) Edward Broughton. Harding-Castle was yielded likewise upon the like Capitulations.

Sir George Booth had made his escape out of the Field, and got away, accom∣panied with four of his Servants,* 13.50 in a Womans Disguise; but at his Inne in Newport-pagnel was discovered; and being guarded and secured, one Gibbons a

Minister posted to give the Parliament account of it, and was rewarded by them, as were no less than three several Messengers sent before from Lambert, with the particulars of the Cheshire-defeat. Upon his bringing to London, Fleetwood was ordered to send a Guard and meet him at Highgate, and secure him to the Tower, whither the next day Sir Henry Vane and Sir Arthur Haslerig were sent to Examine him. It hath since been plainly confirmed, that General Monke was engaged with him in the same designe, under pretence of a Free-Parliament▪ (and that the Marquess of Ormond, in the Habit of a Pedlar, was seen ab•••••• his House at Dalkeith) but it was so secretly carried, that nothing appeared at this time; nor would Sir George be drawn to accuse any man.

Most certain it is, the Kings Restitution was the bottome of this Designe: for before the appearance of it, he had withdrawn privately from Brussels, and lay ready upon the Coast of Britany about St. Malo's and those places,* 13.51 to take shipping for England upon the first good event of those his Loyal Friends and Subjects; but Kent or Sussex was the place intended for his Landing, Turenne the French General having engaged to wait upon him if he would oblige it. But this unhappy account reaching him there, he resolved to give over the pro∣secution of his right by the Sword at present, (seeing the almost-impossibility of recovering it by his English Subjects against these standing Armies) and pass to St. Iean de Luz,* 13.52 where the Treaty betwixt the two Crowns was then begun, and whither Lockhart (upon the arrival of a French Embassador hi∣ther) was ordered to Travel; where after several affronts done him (while the Ministers of the King (not to mention the Grandeurs of the Honours done to himself by the Cardinal and Don Lewis de Haro, and during his short stay in the Realm of Spain) who were first the Lord Iermyn his Plenipotentiary at that Treaty, the Earl of Bristol, the Lord Chancellor, Sir Henry Bennet the Kings Re∣sident at the Court of Spain, after Secretary of State, and others) he was better advised to return, and be gone with more hast than he came; His Ma∣ster's Concerns being wholly rejected, and his Majesty's most affectionately un∣dertaken by both those Potentates, in private distinct Articles agreed between them.

As those Iuncto-men or Rumpers would have been taken into this affair of the Peace between France and Spain, so they thrust themselves into the diffe∣rence between the two Northern Kingdoms of Denmark and Sweden, sending Mr. Sidney and Sir Thomas Honeywood (Sir Henry Vane's Brother-in-law) their Plenipotentiaries to those Crowns;* 13.53 who having s••aid there to no purpose, re∣turned some time after to as much; their Masters at home being lurcht before: they had order to proceed in the same method, and as far as the French or Dutch, whose project of the Peace framed at the Hague being humbly tendered here by their Embassador, was approved, and these Commissioners to act accor∣ding to that Module.

General Montague returned September the 24, about their coming thither; and having given an account (not of all he knew or did there) concerning the War there to the Council of State, was dismissed, having given the King very good assurance of his readiness and affection to his service.—

The Parliament now were consulting what more standing Forces to keep in the Kingdom; and to keep in with the Sects and Quakers, now numerous, they repealed the Act of Iohn Lilburn's Banishment, and released Iames Naylor (as aforesaid) out of Bridewel;* 13.54 then against the last Royalists, caused a new Sequestration-Act to be presently passed, and Commissioners Names expedited. Thus brisk they were always upon the Atchievement and accomplishment of every success; which when it tickled them to arrogance and confidence, scrat∣ched them soon after to their trouble and vexation: for Lambert having done the Feat for them, was now upon his progress in the Country to his own House at Craven in York-shire, caressing the people, having used his Victory very ci∣villy; although he was heard to say upon his setting forth, (questionless to make him more acceptable and less suspect to the Rump) That he would not

leave a Cavalier to Piss against the Wall, or words to that effect. Especially he made much of his Officers, having invited them to his House aforesaid, where their entertainment was concluded with a Draught of another Advice, stiled, A Petition to the Parliament.* 13.55 General Monke in the mean time (the better to conceal his affection to the King) caused most of the Scotch Nobility to be seized on a sudden, and upon the refusal of the Engagement secured them in Castles. Very many, yea most of them refused, besides the Earl of Glencarn, the General's Confident and Privado, as appeared not long after.

Lambert was Voted a Jewel of 1000 l. for a gratuity from the Parliament for his Cheshire-service: but his ambition aimed at a higher Gem; he therefore desired the Parliament that they would think of paying off the Militia, who had deserved well, as also the Irish Brigades, and the Widows and relicts of such whose Husbands were drowned passing from thence to their assistance: which they readily promised, sitting brooding continually upon Acts of Sale and Forfeitures of such Estates whose last moities upon purchase had not been paid; as also in sifting out all the persons engaged with Sir George; and had traced it so close by their Beagles,* 13.56 as to bring Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper (one of their Council of State) into suspicion; (as really he was a principal in the Plot, having been of the Cabal, and had kept intelligence with Sir George, and had a party in Dorset shire, which timely dispersed themselves) but the great opinion they had of him, stop'd the mouth of his Accusers; and he knew well enough how to defend himself at their Bar. They had likewise got one of the King's Letters, dated the 16 of May, and other Papers, which with the several Examinations were read in the House, and a Thanksgiving-day there∣upon appointed, for this their great preservation. They likewise Voted the Charter of the City of Chester void, and that it should be no longer a County of it self,* 13.57 but lie in Common; as also the Ejection of the whole Ministry as Malignant; and received soon after an Address from the Leicester-shire Levites of gratulation upon this their success, and a disclaiming and renouncing of any hand in that business, (which was feared would prove most Fatal to the whole Presbytery, whose designe this was vogued to be by the insulting Secta∣ry, who could not endure to hear of Tithes, which the Rump in policy had late∣ly Voted pro tempore.)

But Lambert's ambition interposed betwixt them and danger; for a Paper (sent to Colonel Ashfield, Cobbet, and Lieutenant-Colonel Duckenfield, from other of Lambert's Officers) coming to the notice of the Rump, they sent to demand it; and having it delivered, presently understood the device of it, and after a quick debate of this Petition, Address, and Proposals, angrily Voted,— That to have any more General Officers in the Army, than are already setled by the Parliament, was unnecessary, burdensome, and dangerous to the Commonwealth. Notwithstanding the Officers met in solemn Council about it, Lambert being come to Town, and sitting there in person, and acting his own designe among them, and bidding fair for it among the Rump, the ablest of whom he had made sure to himself, and What need was there of the other? Haslerig who was the most formidable, being known to dare and say more than he would do, as Cromwel's carriage towards him had sufficiently evidenced.

At this Council the Petition was concluded on, and ordered to be presented to the Parliament on the 4 of October, by Major-General Desborough; which he accordingly delivered to the Speaker as the sense of the Army: which com∣ing in such attendance, and the countenance and awe of their Masters, made them put on another face, and very fairly answer the Sword-Grandee, with a Complement of taking it into their first Consideration, nothing to intervene, save the Dinner the City gave them (both Parliament and Army-Officers) after a Sermon preached at Christ-Church upon their Thanksgiving October the sixth, at Grocers-Hall, for the Cheshire-Victory; where they eat in spite, and would have better become a Fray than a Feast, though the Army-friends in London designed this Treat to conciliate the Rump by their surfeiting on the Memory of this day, which they owed to Lambert, as he that freed them

from a worser danger, than his whatsoever designements: but the result was, they fed heartily, and thanked the City next day heartily by Members, where∣of Atkins was one, sent to take the other repast and Bottle of this high Enter∣tainment; and withal the City obtained the favour of having liberty to chuse a new Lord Mayor, which was Sir Thomas Alleyn, (which had been before denied, and Ireton Voted to continue it again) so that the City-Cost was well expended. An Answer was now again required to be given to this Represen∣tation, as it was now called; and thereupon the Members (who had had un∣der their consideration an Act for Assessment of 120000 l. per mensem, which they had perfected some while before, and let it rest, as being informed of this device of Lambert,* 13.58 on purpose to leave him Moneyless, and without any support to his Ambition) very closely and as cunningly applied themselves to the de∣bate of the Representation, which consisting of seven or eight immaterial de∣sires concerning maimed Souldiers, Widows, the Militia-pay, Lambert's Offi∣cers rewards, and such like, had this onely substantial Article, that the Parlia∣ment would Commission a General, whom they named, viz. Charles Fleetwood. The Rump answered readily in the affirmative to the rest; but to this Choak∣pear they by Resolve stoutly declared, That the Army, as other Free-men, have right to Petition, but must take care both in the manner and matter of it; and that the Wisdom of the Parliament is to be referred to in all matters, and what they had or should decree: and this for answer to their demand of a Ge∣neral; and withal Voted hereupon, (as knowing they were betrayed by some of their own selves) That it is the duty of every Member to inform to his know∣ledge of any thing that concerns the publick safety: and foreseeing the immi∣nent danger of a force, ordered the Council of State to seize all publick Pa∣pers whatsoever; and at the same instant passed an Act which did the feat, that it should be Treason for any person or persons to levy Money without the con∣sent of Parliament.

* 13.59Before the whole answer could be framed, Lambert not liking a word of that about the General, which was the main, caused his Representation to be Printed, that the equity and justice of it might be publick, and justifie his future Actions, (for though Fleetwood was mentioned to that Supreme Command, it was resolved as easie a thing to supplant him as Richard, if the Rump had consented to the Proposals.) This no sooner appeared, together with a Letter delivered by Okey, a friend to his fellow-Regicides, to the House, that was sent him from some Officers of the Army to the same purpose, but the Rump Vo∣ted October the 12, that the several Commissions of Colonels Iohn Lambert, Iohn Desborough,* 13.60 Iames Berry, Thomas Kelsey, Richard Ashfield, Ralph Cobbet, William Packer, Robert Barrow, and Major Richard Creed, who subscribed the same Letter, should be vacated. Resolved also, that the Government of the Ar∣my should be managed by Commissioners: That an Act be brought in for re∣pealing the Act whereby Fleetwood was constituted Lieutenant-General and Commander in chief; and that Fleetwood, Ludlow, General Monke, Haslerig, Walton, Morly, and Overton do execute the powers granted to Fleetwood until the 12 of February, four months from the date of this Resolve, as also the next Officers in the respective Regiments of these Colonels do succeed in their pla∣ces, Lieutenant-Colonel Campfield to Lambert, and so in the rest; and the Serjeant at Arms was ordered to attend these Cashiered Officers with these Or∣ders and Resolutions.

In the mean while Haslerig in a great heat, and Herbert Morley his Son-in-law, and other the Commissioners then present for the Army, by Order sare up all night in the Speakers Chamber adjoyning to the House, and issued out several Commands to such Forces and Commanders as they thought would stand by them, resolving to oppose Force to Force, and be baffled no more, with this Legionary Spirit, that had haunted and plagued them so often. But Lam∣bert was awake also, and at the same time marched several Regiments into King-street Westminster, and possessed himself of all the avenues to the Palace;

such Forces as these Commissioners had got to their side being forced to march round St. Iames Wall in the night time, and so through Tuttle-street into the Abby, and St. Margarets Westminster Church-yard, both parties standing upon their Guard till the Morning,* 13.61 October 13. at which time about eleven a Clock, the Speaker coming to the House in his Coach, was stopped neer the Gate that leads into the Palace, by Lieutenant Col. Duckenfield, and his Coach turned and sent back: Lambert on Horseback then faced the Regiment of Morley and Mosse in the said Church-yard; and much stiffness, and ill looks there passed between the Officers, and some words, but never a blow, for the Soldiers were resolved not to Fight one against the other for the best Parliament or the best Cause that ever was in England. In this posture they continued till Night, when the Council of State,* 13.62 who umpired the difference between the Red-Coats, com∣manded and ordered them to their several Quarters, as good friends as ever. It must be remembred, that the Rump suspecting of this Juncto of State, had privately named another to Act, if a dissolution should happen. The Army-Officers the next day after this Conquest, met at Whitehal, and declared Fleet∣wood for their General.

They appointed also a select number of the Council of State to consider of fit ways to carry on the Affairs of the Common-wealth, and suspended all those Officers that were active on the other side, and referred them to a Court Mar∣tial for remedy;* 13.63 giving power to Fleetwood, Ludlow, Desborough, Lambert, Sir Henry Vane, and Berry, to nominate all Officers; and appointed the reviving of the old Laws of Military Discipline, and that Fleetwood, as before, should be owned for General, and Lambert and Desborough as Major and Commissa∣ry General; the latter in England and Scotland too; not a syllable mentioned of General Moncks consent to the bargain, save that Colonel Cobbet was dispatch∣ed thither to inform him of the Passages; as Colonel Barrough was sent upon the same errand to Ireland.

That Committee just before mentioned,* 13.64 of which Vane, Whitlock, Lambert and Berry were chief; (Fleetwood and Desborough must needs be in) begot or gigged themselves into another Committee called a Committee of Safety, some few more being added from the City, who were to consider of a form of Go∣vernment; and if they thought fit, to advise with the General Council of Officers,* 13.65 and to bring in a Draught within six weeks, their power the same with the former Council of State; to which this was added, they were to call Delinquets to Tryal, and to give Indemnity to all that had acted for the Parli∣ament since 1641. to suppress Rebellious Insurrections, to Treat with For∣reign Princes, to confer Offices, and to state the Sales and Compositions of those late Delinquents; their Names were as follow, viz. Fleetwood, Lambert, Desborough, Steel, Whitlock, Vane, Ludlow, Sydenham, Salloway, Strickland, (Seven last Members of the Rump) Berry, Laurence Olivers's President of his Council, Sir Iames Harrington another Rumper, Warreston a Scotch-man, and Henry Brandrith a Cloath-drawer Citizen, Cornelius Holland a Member, Hew∣son, Clark, Bennet, and Lilbourn, Colonels of the Army.

These by Letters of Invitation being brought together to consider of a Go∣vernment (which Vane had already Projected, the Cement whereof was an in∣tended Marriage betwixt Lamberts's Son, and his Daughter;) the Council of Officers emitted a Declaration,* 13.66 shewing the reasons of the late Change, and do thereby disanul the pretended Act of Treason, Octob. 10. to Levy Money with∣out consent in Parliament, as done precipitantly and unduly, and not according to the Custome of Parliament; declare for Ministry, and the maintenance of it, by a less vexatious way than Tithes; for Liberty; and that the Army will not med∣dle in Civil Affairs, but refer the Civil and Executive Power to the Council of State, or Safety, to provide for the Government, and to set up a free State without King, single Person, or House of Lords: And for Conclusion, desire the Prayers of the Godly.

The Judges were nevertheless (in this mad state of Affairs) perswaded to

sit in the several Courts, Whitlock officiating the Chancery; Sir Thomas Alleyn the Lord Mayor of London was likewise sworn before the Barons of the Exche∣quer. Sir William Waller and others that had been snapt up by the Rump, took advantage of it, and brought their Habeas Corpus to the Kings Bench. Sir William got his liberty; and shortly after the Earl of Northampton, Lord Bellasis, Faul∣conbridge, Faulkland, Castelton, Lord Herbert of Ragland, Lord Charles How∣ard, were all released upon bail.

* 13.67That wretch Bradshaw died, at the Lodgings given him in the Deans-house at Westminster, the beginning of this Moneth of Novemb. in the same desperate impenitence in which since the Fact he lived, saying to a Gentleman on his Death-bed, that charitably advised him to examine himself about the matter of the Kings Death, That if it were to do again, he would be the first man that should do it. He was freed by this his Disease (which was occasioned by an Ague, as Cromwel's) from the terrour and fear of the ensuing Change, the ap∣prehensions whereof setled in him, ever since his Country the Cheshire Design. He was grown publiquely confident, and had left off his Guards he first kept about him; but his privacy was more than usually, and all his actions and gestures more reserved: He was carried out with a great Funeral, and much attendance of the Men of those Times, and Interred in the Abby, and his Crime published for his Commendation. A little before died Edmund Prideaux,* 13.68 the Attorney-General throughout the Usurpation, by which he got a very vast Estate, leaving Sixty Thousand pounds in Gold (as credible report went) in his Coffers, besides Lands of very great demesnes.

This Change (like a nine days wonder) was quite over, and the Army and Lambert here very brisk and slighting the Rump, and all it could do; when a Cooling Card came from the North, in a Letter from General Monk, declaring his unsatisfiedness with those proceedings of the Army: which hugely deceived their Expectations, because he had so readily concurred with their former mu∣tation, and the Officers there were many of them Phanaticks; but the Case was altered,* 13.69 he resolved to assert the Parliamentary Interest; and when Cobbet (sent hence) came to Berwick, he had him secured there, and sent with a Guard Prisoner to Edinborough Castle. The manner of his declaring for the Parliament, was thus: On the Eighteenth of October being at Dalkeith, he sent for Col. Wilks Governour of Leith, Lieutenant-Col. Emerson, Captain Ethel∣bert Morgan now made his Lieutenant-Colonel, Lieutenant-Col. Hubberthorne, Cloberry, and Miller, to come to him, whom he acquainted with his Resolution; and they engaged to stand by him, against the Factious part of the Army; as he characterized them. On the Nineteenth he come to Edinburgh, where his own, and Col. Talbot's Regiment with lighted Matches and Ball received him; to whom he declared the same, and promised them their Arrears, at which they loudly shouted: then he went to Leith, where he was entertained in the like manner; and at his departure had Seventeen Guns given him from the Citadel, and Volleys from the Regiment:* 13.70 Then he turned all the Anabaptist-Officers out of the Regiments, and secured them in Timptallon-Castle. At the same time, upon pretences of consulting with Lieutenant-Col. Young of Cobbets Re∣giment, Lieutenant-Col. Keyn, and Major Kelke of Pearsons Regiment, he sent for them to him; and upon their coming clapt them up, but released Keyn up∣on his promise of adherence. Together with them, he had advertisement that Col. Read's and Col. Fairfax's Regiments were at his service. On the Twenty first he marched to Lithgow with some Horse and Foot, intending for Ayre; but understanding that his own Lieutenant-Col. Holms was got there before him, who was an Anabaptist, being loth to receive any opposition in the beginning of his Enterprise, he returned, and under his own Hand and Seal constituted and commissioned several Officers in the room of those he had secured; and forth∣with sent away for Fairfax's, Read's, and Cobbet's Regiments to March and joyn with him, leaving Captain Winter with Two hundred men to keep the Citadel of Saint Iohnstons; which like number, and no more, he left in the other Three,

upon his departure for England; and Rendezvouz'd his other Forces the last of October, and dispatcht away Letters to the Speaker,* 13.71 Fleetwood, Lambert; as also to Hull, where Overton was now Governour, by the Pearl-Frigot: and lastly, a Letter to the gathered Churches; for he was to fight with these Hypocrites at their own Weapons.

Colonel Pearson (one of General Monkes Officers in Scotland) was by order hence sent down as to his Charge there, but secretly to corrupt and incline the Army to Lambert: but arriving at Newcastle, and understanding by several transfuges from Scotland of the Anabaptist Perswasion, what course G. Monke had taken, he staid there, his Field-Officers being in custody already, except Lieutenant-Col. Keyn newly released: during his stay here, Letters were by his means intercepted as they were carrying to Exeter and Devonshire,* 13.72 sowed up in a mans Doublet, without any direction, but Signed with his own Hand, and Written by Master (after Sir) William Clark; wherein he gave his Friends notice to stand upon their Guard, and that as soon as the Army was drawn from London, the City would declare with him, as he expected likewise they would, &c. Pearson at the sending up of these Letters (a Treaty being then mentioned betwixt both parties, and to which end the discarded Officers, as Whally and Goffe, Mr. Caryl and Mr. Barker Independent Ministers, went in the way of Brotherly-love to move and perswade him) gave this Comment of them, as one well acquainted with his General, That what ever he pretended, he scorn∣ed all their messages and overtures, meerly winning time by them; and that nothing but force could reduce him. Col. (after Major General) Morgan upon the same pretences, with Col. Whally, &c. went out of Yorkshire to Scotland, and joyned with the General, as he had received an invitation from him by a private Messenger, and did mainly assist in this ground-work, to the conclusion and perfection thereof.

In the mean while it was resolved by the Officers here, for fear of the worst, and to be ready against all accidents, if no good could be done by this fair way of Message, to send down Lambert with most of the Army Northwards, and there in that posture to expect the issue; and he very willingly (it being his own advice) undertook it, having refused and declined those tenders and offers, which particularly my Lord Hatton made to him in the name of the King;* 13.73 If he would now at last mind his own good, and the Kingdoms, in returning to his Alle∣giance; and convert his designs for himself, to the service of his Soveraign in his Restitution: the said Lord further assuring him, that if he did it not, it would be presently done without him, beyond his power of remedying it; and that therefore he should not let slip such an opportunity of raising himself and his posterity. But he replying upon the Army-Interest (which if it could have been cemented with money, would have caused a hazardous opposition to any other) and the Ana∣baptist-party (now very numerous,* 13.74 and at this time uppermost) for that had its turn too as well as Presbytery and Independency, but swayed not so long (all the other Sects centring here; for now was the time of the fulness, and visible power of Sion, as it was counted by these People) resolved to proceed on this Expedition; and if fortune favoured him there, he feared no other Enemy to his ambition. On the Third of November, a very ominous day, as it was observed, by reason the Long-Parliament sate down that day in One thousand six hun∣dred and forty, he departed from London by Ware-road, and hastned to New-castle, just as Col. Barrow was returned from Ireland, with the supposed acquie∣scence of that Kingdome in this change; Tomlinson, Iohn Iones and Corbet, who were then the Governours and Commissioners declaring as much, but Sir Charles Coot, Sir Hardress Waller upon different grounds, and his party combined against it. There was a project to get the City to write to General Monke for a good Understanding,* 13.75 where Master (now Sir) William Wild very opportunely for the Times, he being a most knowing and upright Gentleman, was chosen Recorder in place of young Master Green deceased.

General Monke removed the Officers he had secured in Timptallon-Castle to

the Basse-Island, out of all way of Communication, and sent Major Knight (of his own Regiment of Horse) with five Troops as far as Morpeth in Northumber∣land; and upon notice of the readiness of Lambert, drew out more Southwards for a Bravado, to let them see how resolved and prepared their General was, and departed.

* 13.76In the same instant Col. Talbot and Mr. Thomas Clargis his Excellencies Bro∣ther-in-law were sent with another Complement from hence to ingratiate with the General: and now he is pleased (though he had refused Goff and Whally (Regicides) and Caryl their Priest, whose person he yet outwardly liked) to ac∣cept of a Treaty; and Col. Wilks, Lieutenant-Col. Clobery, and Major Knight were appointed his Commissiomers to go for London to Treat with Three more; and in the mean while his Forces should not stir further Southwards. These upon their journey Lambert met with; and hoping their Errand would end in an acquiescence as they promised, did acquisce himself, and await the Issue, which upon the arrival of them at London came to a speedy result (though Three Kingdoms were the subject of this Treaty) betwixt Six unlearned men; and like a happy Revelation was cryed about the Streets the next morning: the Heads were these.

* 13.77Novemb. 16. They were proposed, the Seventeenth concluded, viz. The Family of the King utterly to be excluded, a Free-State Setled, the Ministry and Vniversities encouraged, the Generals Officers imprisoned to be released, and a gene∣ral Indemnity of the Parliament-party, and the Armies to retire presently into Quarters, and Three Army-Officers of each Kingdome, and a general Council of them, with ten Sea-Off••cers, and I know not what Embryo, to meet on the Sixth of De∣cember at Whitehall, and to conclude as Vane had codled it: about which time Captain Robinsons's and Captain Deans's Troops deserted him, Robinson bringing his Troop away with him, his Brother being then Clerk of the Committee of Safety, and allied, by Marriage of a Daughter, to Sir Nicholas Crispe.

But the General was intent upon another more taking Assembly at home, ha∣ving issued out Writs by his own Precept and Authority for convening some of the Nobles, and two for every County of Scotland (while as yet he lay in the Confines of England with some part of his Army, from which parts he sent away a Letter by Col. Markham and Atkins to the City of London, of the Te∣nour of the former intercepted to Devonshire, which being read at a Common-Hall, was by all means endeavoured to be blasted as fictitious, and the Messen∣gers imprisoned.

* 13.78The Scotch Convention met the General according to his Summons, at Edenburgh, where he propounded to them; First, The security of the Peace in his absence; which, he said, He was constrained to, in defence of the Parliament, and our Laws (in general terms.) Secondly, That they would Assist him if any Trou∣bles should arise. And Thirdly, That they would raise him some money. To this they readily answered, (being Oracled,) That as to the first, they had no Arms, and therefore were in no condition nor capacity to provide against any Insur∣rections, but would endeavour. Secondly, That it could not be expected, nor were it reasonable for them to interest themselves in a War, which if prosperous, had no assurance of advantage; if unhappy, would be farther ruinous to them. Thirdly, That as to moneys, they were exhausted already; but yet confiding in his Noble and Honourable design, they would raise him a Twelve Moneths Assessement, which amounted to Sixty thousand pounds; and the Revenues of the Excise and Customes besides.

* 13.79The Earl of Glencarn had the Chair here, one of the General's Privadoes, a former Eminent Royallist, and at present deem'd a moderate man; having in all things complyed with the General's Orders.—This is one of the Cur∣tain-stories which cannot be pryed into as yet, as are the other abstruse contri∣vances of the Kings Restitution; it is sufficient to mind the Reader, that some great Providence was at hand, when a revengeful and most desperate Enemy gratified his Conquerour by the opening of his Heart and his Hands, instead

of striving with this advantage, and arming himself to the recovery of that Peoples Liberty.

The Committee of Safety (for all Vane's curious Modules) liked not themselves in this their Government; but to free themselves by a Proclamation, declared their resolution for another Parliament, and that they were upon qualifications, and summoning one speedily. One Barret sent out of Ireland with a Letter to Gen. Monke from the Army-party there, was likewise imprisoned: all the whole Force in Scotland were now together; to wit, the Generals Regiments, Wilks's, Talbot's, Fairfax's, Pearson's, Read's, Smith's, and Sawrey's of Foot; and His own Col. Twisleton's Morgan's, and Saunders's of Horse (the latter of whom was detained in a kind of restraint of Coventry) nevertheless the General pretended still to an Agreement, and therefore declaring not himself fully satisfied, desired the addition of two more Commissioners to treat with his other three at Newcastle, with five more of Wallingford-house; the chief of whom was Col. Clerk, who came post to Newcastle; where having conferred, the General sends for his Commissioners, to be fully informed of the transaction before he ratified it, because of the late mistake of his Commissioners at London; and upon their arrival, clapt up Col. Wilks for exceeding his Instructions. The General was now at Berwick, whence he sent Letters to Fleetwood, assuring him, that in all this difference there, he had no personal quarrel against him, but could return into a most firm friendship with him.

But now his temporizing came to an end: for Hazelrig,* 13.80 Morley, Walton, (Col. Norton was then also present) got into Portsmouth; and Whetham the Go∣vernour (formerly of the Generals Council in Scotland) siding with them, they presently seized upon such Officers as were thought to favour the Wallingfordi∣ans, of which were Captain Brown, and Captain Peacock, and declared for the Parliament; which coming to the Ears of the Council of Officers, they present∣ly ordered Major Cadwel with a Party of Horse to block them up, who accor∣dingly came to Gospur on the other side the water; and Riches and Berries Troops were sent to joyn with him; who instead thereof, being inveagled by Col. Vnton Crook and Major Bremen, marched into Portsmouth, and joyned with Hazelrig.

Then began the Tumults in London,* 13.81 and instant applications were made to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen to declare against both Army and Rump, the last of whom was most abhorred, and cryed out against with the general voice, of No Rump; and a Petition for a Free-Parliament, as the only way to preserve the City and Kingdome, was preferred for Hands; which the Committee of Safety under high Penalties forbid: but no regard being had to them, nor no application of any person to them, but their own Army-folk (save that Sir George Booth obtained his Liberty upon Bail, from them, because of indisposition, and for recovery of his health in better Ayr) the said Petitions were carried on, and high things resolved on; Shops being shut up, and the Publick only minded, people running in clusters in the middle of the Street, and hearing and telling of News, an threatning or expecting (as news came) nothing but De∣struction.

These things being posted to Wallingford-house,* 13.82 Colonel Hewson with his Regiment was ordered to march into the City, and quell these Tumults and Up∣roars; who accordingly came strutting in, and seeing some gatherings of Ap∣prentices and others, having commanded them to be gone, bid his Musquetiers fire, who killed two men about the Exchange: Horse and Foot were also quar∣tered in the Streets, and round about the City.

Lambert seeing no good was to be expected by this Treaty,* 13.83 his Messenger Col. Zanchy being secured at Berwick, advanced to Perith, having almost spoiled and wasted the Country about Newcastle, with his numerous (and indeed gallant) Army; for he had the flower of it with him, both for Horse and Men: mo∣ney was wanting, and could not be had; so that free-quarter, on which he was forced to subsist (having almost undone himself, to supply his incident necessities

of the Expedition,) made him not only odious, but disheartned his men; which to remedy, he concluded to March forward; and so came to Perith, in∣tending to Fight.

Nothing in the interim, but fears, rage, desperation, revenge, private and pub∣lick consultations about the redress of these mischiefs, filled the City of London; and nothing but a Free-Parliament could be thought of as a fit expedient: which, the Committee of Safety found it high time to personate; being already certain, that Portsmouth-story would spoil all: and therefore to prevent the Rump,* 13.84 Proclaimed, December 15. a Free-Parliament to sit down the Twenty fourth of Ianuary, upon sundry qualifications, which were to be formed out of these Seven Fundamentals: 1. No King. 2. No single Person. 3. The Army to be continued. 4. Liberty of Conscience. 5. No House of Peers. 6. Legisla∣tive and Executive Power distinct. 7. Both Assemblies of the Parliament and Council of State to be chosen by the People; which was the Co-ordinate Senate of Sir Henry Vane's Fiction, of which he was desperate in love, with Narcissus, unto his death.

These made the Commonalty worse mad than before, and made them more the scorn, than the fear of the People; which to lessen also, Lawson declares for the Parliament, and came up with his Fleet into the River; and the Portsmouth-blades began to stir; so that Wallingford-house began to look thin. Sir Henry Vane and Salway howsoever undertook to cajole Lawson; but Mr. Scot met them on Board the said Vice-Admiral (where the righteousness of these Actions was disputed) and spoiled their Game. Another Cavalier-Plot was discovered; which was the likeliest of all to take,* 13.85 being laid in the City, and under the Conduct of Major-General Brown; some part of the Forces being in Arms the Night appointed; but it was discovered, and divers Gentlemen and Horse ta∣ken at the White-Horse by More-gate. I should mention also a Plot upon the Tower, by Scot and Okey for the Rump, &c. but it taking no effect, I pass it. But the Reader will be weary of these traverses, and therefore to the event.

* 13.86Things being thus brought about by the activity of some Rumpers, and the Army not likely to receive a penny pay more, as full information was given the Souldiery, the Wallingford people broke up House; and the Officers and Army in Town presently submitted to the Speaker; Rendezvouzing first in Lincolns-inne-fields, where they were headed by Col. Okey and Col. Alured; and thence they Marched down Chancery-lane through Holborn, where the Spea∣ker was come down to the dore of the Rolls, and there the Officers made their obeysance, and expressed their joy, and cheerfully returned to their duty; which done, the Speaker with Sir Anthony Ashly Cooper, &c. took Coach and went to the Tower, where they were likewise admitted, and had the Keys delivered by Lieutenant-Colonel Miller; and the said Sir Anthony, Mr. Weaver, and Iosiah Berners left by the said Speaker as Lieutenant-Commissioners in that place: This happened on the 24 of December.

* 13.87Desborough's Regiment of Horse (sent out of the North to assist against Portsmouth, and to countenance the Wallingfordians) stayed at Saint Albans, and concluded on submission, as did their Clown or Colonel, while in the mean time Col. Salmon was sent away by the Officers here, to give Lambert an account of this turn, upon whose back the County of York was risen; the Lord Fairfax with a great party of Horse being then in York, whither Col. Lilburn came and joyned with him: the Irish Brigades also marched off in discontent, so that there needed not any Order of Parliament for Lambert to lay down, his Arms and be quiet;* 13.88 for as soon as Salmon came, the mighty design was crawl'd into an Inne, and a Pot-Consulatation held how to come off, not with Honour, but with Safety; and the next News heard of him, was, that he was seen at Northallerton, with about Fifty Horse, and no more, of all his great Army. And thus was Richard Cromwel's deposition revenged by Lambert's just de∣sertion; and the Rump victorious, returned again to their old House at

Westminster, with such proud surly looks, as made the Red-coats themselves to quake.

The 26. of Decemb. at Night,* 13.89 they got Possession again; and Voted several Orders, especially about the Souldiery: and because Sir Arthur and Morley, the former Commissioners, were not present, they Constituted new ones, viz. Mr. Alexander Popham, Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, Scot, Okey, Thompson, Mark∣ham, and Allured; giving them power to suppress Insurrections, of which they were much in danger. However, the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen had stilled the clamours and Petitions for a Free-Parliament (for they scorned to ask the Rump's consent) with a promise it should be effected: for nothwith∣standing the Rump sate, which was thought by the Vulgar the only thing in∣tended after all this stir (for they did prank it like the Flie on the Wheel (in the Fable) who gloried that he raised the dust) the Mayor and Court of Aldermen sent away their Sword-bearer to the General with Letters of Cachet,* 13.90 which came safe to his Hands, and were with all affection and civility received, and an∣swered in time to the purpose. In Ireland, Sir Theophilus Iones and Col. War∣ren seize Dublin-castle; and after, Ludlow, Corbet, Tomlinson, and Iohn Iones were summoned into England, to answer an Impeachment of Sir Charles Coot against them. A new Council of State was appointed; and all what General Monck had done in displacing Officers, and carrying on the Service, was approved of, and thanks ordered him; and Hazelrig being come to Town,* 13.91 and lighting at the Palace-yard in Triumph, at the Head of Thirty Troops of Horse, was thanked likewise most solemnly, as was Rich also in the House; and as much had Col. Henry Ingoldsby for his Relation of the taking of Windsor-castle.

The next work was, to make sure of the City of London, and so to borrow some money, (for all the revenues of the Good Old Cause were not worth one farthing, besides Excise and Customes;) and therefore a Conference was held at Whitehall, Sir Arthur being the chief of the Committee of the Rump: but the one would not endure to hear of lending of money to pay their Enemies; nor would the other hear of a Free-Parliament. In the mean time, the Gene∣ral signified to the House, that because he supposed them not yet free enough, he would with his Army come to London: (his Souldiers were then very full of money by the Scotch advance, and some Thousands of pounds from London; which made them willing to undergo that hard duty (the necessity of guarding themselves from surprize and treachery had put them upon.) Upon Receipt of this Letter,* 13.92 they Vote him a Thousand pounds a year; and that he be desired to come to London; and a hundred thanks again: and this News kept them from proceeding severely against Lambert; upon whom they had an eye, to oppose him against the General, if he should Army-master them: they discharged Sir Henry Vane of his Membership; as likewise they did Saloway, and committed him to the Tower, for their Committee of Safety project. All the Officers in Lamberts Combination, were commanded to their respective Houses in the Country; and Vane to his a Raby, in Durham Bishoprick; and Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper constituted a Col. of Horse— in very good time! Sir Henry Vanes's Phanaticks of the Three Regiments were disarmed, and their Arms ordered to be carried into the Tower; and new Commissions to the Offi∣cers in England; when news came of several stirs and commotions in Gloucester∣shire, Devonshire, and Cornwal, about a Free-Parliament. I ommitted, that the Officers here in London submitted, upon a promise of Indemnity, which was Passed by a Vote,* 13.93 with this condition, That they return to their duty by the ninth of Ianuary; and Captain Chillingham was sent with this Order to Lam∣bert. But because of the frequency of these Commotions, and that matter of Fact will sufficiently shew this Transaction of the General with the several Counties, and the Commissioners of the Rump, Scot and Robinson, appointed to wait on him, meerly to sift out, and discover his intentions: I will give the Reader a bare Journal of the Affairs as they passed.

But before I proceed, the Reader is to take notice, That our Soveraign having

been highly treated at his return from St. Iean de Luz, at Paris, by the Duke of Orleans,* 13.94 and regarded now as the Monarch of great Britain, (such assured confidence there was of his Restitution;) passed in great State publiquely to Brussels, where His return was no less magnificently welcomed, and there abode till the dissolution of this Parliament, the Rump, which now, as their last Engine (and dying Efforts are most vigorous) against Monarchy, and its fortress of Loyalty, had under their consideration an Act for Renuntiation and Abjuration of the Title and Right of the King, and the whole Line of King Iames.* 13.95 Oliver had proceeded to the disanulling it; this, to the damning of the Nation, who had sworn to maintain it. But rather than sink, as they plainly saw the King would at last be too hard for them, by the late Commoti∣ons and Insurrections in his behalf; therefore they bethought themselves of this Italian revenge, to ruine the Bodies and Souls together of their Enemies: this was afterwards prosecuted while the General was among them; and a Petition delivered by Barebones, and other Good-Old-Cause-men, and Fanaticks, and they most abominably thanked for this their love and care of the Common∣wealth. At the same time Sir Iohn Roll, and other Devonshire Gentlemen, list∣ed and engaged all that Country upon the account of a Free-Parliament; ac∣cording to the Cabal betwixt the General and him, Mr. Morrice now Secretary, and others. And this strength the General relyed on, upon all events, as his own Country-men; and doubtless this resolution of that County was of very great influence in the ensuing Affairs.

Scot and Robinson were sent to cajole the General with another Letter of thanks to him; as also another was sent to Major-General Morgan; Col. Syden∣ham a Member of the Committee of Safety, and of Oliver Cromwels's Council, discharged the House. A tumult at Exeter about a Free-Parliament; Com∣missioners and Judges appointed for the several Courts. Alderman Fouk▪ Vin∣cent, and Colonel Bromfield▪ ordered by the City to meet and congratulate the General. The General at Nottingham, came our a Declaration of the Parliament against Kingship, but not a word of D••ssolving themselves, or filling up the House. Sir Robert Pye and Major Fincher, for tendring a Declaration of the Coun∣ty of Berk-shire for a Free-Parliament, were committed to the Tower; which for∣ed a Vote for Qualifications, &c. The Lady Monck arrived at White-hall,* 13.96 the Mi∣nerva and great Patroness of this grand design.

General Monck arrived at Leicester, and was met there by Scot and Robinson, who sent the Parliament a copy of his Letter to the Devonshire Gentlemen: great seeming kindness past between them. An Act passed the House, being a Bill of Assessment of One hundred thousand pounds a Moneth, for six Moneths, throughout England,* 13.97 Scotland, and Ireland: they had made it at first for Twelve; but it passed at last for Six. At Harborough the General was met with the London-Commissioners, to whom he speaks fair: the High Sheriff of Northamptonshire, and the Major of the Town, congratulate him; The Lord Falkland came thither also with the Oxfordshire Address for a Free-Parliament, attended by the Gentry of that County, and had a fair reception: at Stony Stratford the Gentlemen of Bucks: the like at Dunstable; and at St. Albans he received more of the same nature from the County of Norfolk, by the hands of the Lord Richardson, and Sir Horatio Townsend; and other places: to which he answered ambiguously and fairly, giving them all civil and most obliging Reception, even to the Apprentices of London, who came thither with a Petition of the same nature; the General parting with the expressions of his care and endeavour for their and the Cities good, and was uncovered all the while. Thence he desired the Parliament, that the Army in Town, for fear of Infection, be distributed into the Country, to make room for his own Forces: about which, Tumults arose in the Guards at St. Pauls; and more pertinaci∣ously at Somerset-house; which caused the General, being invited also by the Rump, to make extraordinary hast thither. Several Reports made to the House, concerning Qualifications and Elections. On the second of February

he Rendezvouzed that morning at Finchly-heath, where he drew up his Army, having marched from Barnet;* 13.98 and by St. Iohns-street and Holborn, down Chan∣cery-lane, came with his Army into the Strand, where at Somerset-house he was met by the Speaker. They saluted each other with the Title of Lord-Gene∣ral: The General afterwards waited on him to his Coach, and then to refresh; but he refused White-hall for his Quarters. Next day after he was conducted to his audience at the House, where he had a Speech made to him by the Spea∣ker, being a thankful Commemoration of his services; to which he modestly re∣plied, refusing to sit in the Chair placed for him by their order, declining all the praises given him (as he never intended any service for them) but desiring them to be very tender of the Gentry of this Kingdom, (which would prove their Interest) and of Oaths and Engagements, &c. so was with great respects re∣conducted and attended to his Lodging, where he continued in good intelli∣gence with them, till their politick Revenge put him upon this Adventure to make a Feud between him and the City: for the City refusing to pay the mo∣ney assessed upon them by the late Act of 100000 l. per mensem, the Rump order the Gates and Portcullices to be pulled down by the General,* 13.99 and several Citi∣zens to be apprehended, viz. Sir William Vincent, Sir Thomas Bludworth, Sir Laurence Bromfield, Sir Richard Ford, Major Cox, Mr. Penning Lieutenant-co∣lonel Iackson, Mr. Spencer, Major Chamberlain, and Mr. Brown a Grocer in Wood-street, and sent to the Tower; which the General performed. They like∣wise ordered the discontinuance of the Common Council for that year, and proceeded to nominate another, and to settle a new Militia. The Gates were ac∣cordingly pulled down, the thumps of the Hammers even piercing the hearts of the Citizens. Such an affront and revenge never any of our Princes in his greatest rage did to this place, where likewise the Army was perforce Quar∣tered.

But after the pulling down of the Gates, the General sent a Letter to the Parliament, acquainting them how grievous and distastful the action was to his nature, intimating also the great Merit of the City towards them throughout the War; and on Friday, after several Conferences managed before him by some of the secluded Members and City, and others of the Rump, (He pretending his desire of satisfaction for their Exclusion, of the evidence of danger of their readmission, which the Rump were now unarmed to dispute, (his Commission from them as Commissioner for governing the Army being then also expired) (and the publication of a Petition subscribed by Barebone's and others to abjure the King) as afterwards with the Mayor and Court of Aldermen at Guild hall, who used their endeavours with him in the business; he marched out of the City with his Army to their Quarters; and on Saturday sent another Letter to the Parliament, wherein he laid open the dangerous designes countenanced by themselves in conniving at Lambert, particularly the business of Barebone's Pe∣tition, setting forth that there had been Oaths too many already;* 13.100 (and as be∣fore) in the afternoon he Rendezvoused in Finsbury-fields, and from thence mar∣ched into London, where he and his Army were joyfully entertained, declaring himself for the City and a free Parliament. Towards evening, the City rung every where with the news of it, with such Acclamations, and shone with so many Bonfires, (where they burnt and roasted all manner of Rumps in detestation of the Juncto then sitting) that it seemed a Theatre of mad & extasied people; nor is it possible any expressions of it should reach the sense and belief of Posterity; Money being thrown among the Souldiers, as if now there would be no more occasion for it, but that the Golden Age swiftly approached: The Speaker at his return from the House being in danger of his life. Innumerable the Ballads and Ribaldry made of this Rump.

The General continued in London, and disarmed most of those Phanatick persons who had been listed by the Committee of Safety; and notwithstanding the Order of the Rump, yet kept their Arms. The aforesaid Conferences were yet held, and the General assisted at the debates between some of the Members

sitting, and those that were excluded in 1648, in order to some composure; ha∣ving promised to stand by the City in the attainment of such a settlement as should secure the Nation. These conferences coming to no Issue, and the Rump having at last finished their Qualifications, so rigid and unreasonable, that no good or fair meaning appeared in them, as he modestly and fairly told them; He came with his Army into Westminster, and parts adjacent; and having that morning convened the aforesaid secluded Members at White-hall, went with them to the House of Commons, and see them safely sit in Parliament; who presently vacated many Orders made by the aforesaid Remnant in 1648, in re∣ference to the Death of the King, and their own forcible seclusion;* 13.101 as also all Votes lately made by them, touching new Members to be elected to sit and serve in Parliament: also all Orders referring to Sir George Booth's business, and all Imprisonments, and Sequestrations thereupon. Next, they constituted the Ge∣neral, Captain and Commander in chief of all the Forces of England, Scotland, and Ireland; discharged all Prisoners upon the account of a Free Parliament, and suspended the Power of the Council of State, till they had erected a new one, of which the General was made one.

They likewise ordered the Gates and Portcullises of the City of London to be repaired and set up at the publick charge; more especially, care was taken by them for securing the Militia into honest and faithful hands, both in London and the respective Counties. The dispatch of the aforesaid Assessment was also re∣commended to the Commissioners, and a great advance of money lent by the City for the present occasions; their promptness now, overmatching the Force before.

* 13.102Sir Charles Coot declares for a Free-Parliament, by the re-admission of the se∣cluded Members, and thereupon possessed himself of Dublin-castle, (having first of all surprized Galloway from Colonel Sadler in this manner: He invited him and his Officers, all Anabaptists, to his house over the water, to be merry; which doing, Sir Charles pretended a desire of drinking a glass of Wine in Galloway privately with Sadler: so they two secretly took Boat, with each a ser∣vant; and being on the other shore, Sir Charles said, Colonel Sadler, I am re∣solved for a Free-Parliament, and to have this Garrison: you have a Sword about you; draw and fight, or else engage your honour will make no disturbance in the Town upon our admission, and my Declaration: to which, Sadler amazed and troubled, answered, He would acquiesce. Whereupon he caused the Gate to be opened; and Sir Charles having declared himself, the Souldiers cried out, A Coot, a Coot, and a Free-Parliament: Whereupon, nevertheless, he secured and kept him prisoner, as he did Sir Hardr. Waller at Dublin aforesaid: and immediately all Ireland declared themselves satisfied in this most happy Change, offering their lives and fortunes in the maintenance and defence of the Parliament to be now assembled.

* 13.103Some Phanatick Troops of Rich's Horse rendezvoused at Bury in Suffolk, where they began to mutiny: but Colonel Ingoldsby and Captain Philip How∣ard (Captain of the Life-guard) being sent against them, they presently were quieted, and received their old Colonel Ingoldsby for their Commander: where∣upon a Proclamation issued for the better regulating the Army, and keeping it in obedience; requiring all Officers and Souldiers immediately to depart to their several Quarters, and not remove without the Generals order or license in that behalf.

This made the Army sensible of that duty the Parliament expected from them: whereupon they, (one Regiment after another) presented their Addresses to the General, owning and congratulating his happy management of the Affairs of the Kingdome.* 13.104 Nor indeed was ever any man so deservedly courted: but especially the City shewed themselves most affectionate admirers of those great Services he had done his Country; most of the Twelve Companies ha∣ving invited him successively to their Halls, where he was feasted with all sump∣tuous Magnificence, love or charge could show and afford.

The Parliament had no less resentments of his glorious undertakings: for besides the Generalate they setled upon him the Stewardship of the Mannor of Hampton-court, to preserve, not Usurp and possess that Royal Mansion. Seve∣ral Prisoners of the Phanatique-Party, nothing being charged against them, were freed by the General, who was now also constituted one of the Generals at Sea;* 13.105 and Col. Montague now Earl of Sandwich the other. The Scotch Lords who were taken Prisoners at Worcester, and had been long secured in Windsor-Castle, were now, by order of Parliament released; that Nation un∣der Major General Morgan quietly awaiting the issue of the Affairs in Eng∣land.

The Presbyterian-party were now very busie to have their Profession Establish∣ed by Act of Parliament;* 13.106 and therefore a Confession of Faith was tendred to the House, which having been seven times read, was passed, and ordered to be Printed; and likewise the Solemn League and Covenant was also ordered to be reprinted, and read in all Churches once in every year, and to be set up in the Parliament-house▪ but it soon after found a different entertainment. The Parliament resolved during their Session, which should continue no longer than the end of March, to proceed only with matters of Religion, the Militia, Qua∣lifications and Writs for Elections; and in the interim, endeavours were used, more especially at Hull by Major Gen. Overton, to debauch part of the Army at York; and the same tricks also at Chester with the Irish Brigades, but were De∣feated, and came to nothing. Therefore Col. Lambert refusing to put in secu∣rity of Twenty thousand pounds, was now at last Committed to the Tower, to prevent any future danger from the unsatisfied part of the Souldiery. About this time died Carolus Gustavus King of Sweden.

The Engagement made by the remnant of the Parliament,* 13.107 Viz. I do declare and promise, that I will be true and faithful, &c. was now ordered to be ex∣punged out of the Journal-book of the House of Commons: which made the Phanaticks begin to fear their unjust Possessions. Hull was now delivered to Col. Fairfax, according to the Generals Order. The Inscription under the Statue of King Charles the first, in the Exchange London, Exit Tyrannus, was expunged and blotted out by a private hand.

According to,* 13.108 the Parliament resolves to Dissolve themselves; and being pressed by the General, whose well-governed impatience of the Kings return permitted not the least delay in that dangerous place; Writs were ordered to be issued out for the Election of Members in the ensuing Parliament, in the name of The Keepers of the Liberty of England,* 13.109 by Authority of Parliament; and the Bill of their Dissolution being read and passed, leaving a power in the Council of State, in the interval of Parliament, to govern the Nations, they broke up: and so this long-lasting Parliament, which hath done and suffered so many strange things, came with fair expectations to a peaceable conclusion; but shall never want the Elegies, and the doleful complaints of the three Kingdoms.

The Parliament being thus Dissolved,* 13.110 the first thing the Council of State acted, was the emitting of a Proclamation, forbidding all Persons whatsoever to make applications to any of the Officers and Souldiers in the Army, in the way of Agitating; declaring that pernitious course was the ruine of the King and Kingdome, in the years 1647, and 48. This actuated with a diligent eye upon some suspected persons, and securing of others, happily retained the Army in their duty and obedience, to the bringing about his Majesties Restitu∣tion; which was every day more visible.

The Council of State were hammering a Proclamation, requiring such qua∣lifications as were intended by Parliament for the Election of Members to be strictly observed, whereby Cavaliers were to be excluded; but there were enow Royallists besides, to do that great and happy work, which was soon after ac∣complisht; and yet in the mean while made Addresses to the King, some Let∣ters passing from them to him, being unhappily delayed by the death of Mr. An∣nesley, Brother to the now Earl of Anglesey, who was drowned as he was taking

Boat to proceed in his Voyage for the delivery of them to the King. Mr. Barebone and Mr. Scot signed an Engagement, wherein they promised to live peaceably; but divers others of that Faction, for agitating, and other misde∣meanors, were secured, and committed to prison: the Elections in the interim went hopefully on, and the Militia was every where well established.

A Letter was sent by the Council to the Bassa of Algier, for releasing the Lord Inchequeen and his Son, who were lately taken by a Turkish Pirate neer the Port of Lisbon, and carried to Algier. Colonel Massey appeared in Gloucester∣shire with an intention to stand for an Election there:* 13.111 he was ordered to ap∣pear before the Council; which he did, and was afterwards unanimously chosen one of the Burgesses for that City; as Major-General Brown, who sate with the secluded Members before, with the Recorder Sir William Wilde, and Sir Iohn Robinson, (with whom the General constantly conversed in the suspence of his declaring himself, but was riddled to the Royallists by the Company he kept) were Elected for London: both these eminent Captains were very active and in∣strumental in the King's Restauration.

The City of London emitted a Declaration, wherein they clear themselves of the Guilt of the King's Death, and the Crimes of the Usurpation; their Coun∣sels being under a force of a desperate Juncto put upon them: and as a signet of the Revolution ensuing, suffered the same Tumults to the Restitution, which it had fomented and cherished in the beginning of the Wars, to the ruine and overthrow of the Kingdoms.

Anno Dom. 1660.

WE begin this mirabilis Annus, the wonderful year of 1660, (which by the old Philosophical Axiome of twenty years revolution was to return all things in statu quo, to wit, the same condition) with an occur∣rence of no seeming tendencie or aspect to the product thereof, viz. The Proclamation from the Council of State, against Election of any to this Par∣liament that had served his Majesty in the late Wars: which proceeded from the unreconciled Results of those secluded Members, who yet retained some grudge of their first Quarrel, and would fain do away the imputation of their unjust Arming themselves and the people against their Soveraign, by a Vote passed this last sitting, wherein they again declared, That the late King began the War with the two Houses; and this was now for a subsequent confirmation of that fallacious Maxime of the Rebellion. Mr. Saint Iohn that was of this Coun∣cil of State,* 13.112 now opened and discovered himself in the solution of his former actions, by his suspicions and fears of the approaching Revolution. He stick∣led first for the Qualifications which the Parliament, through the General's designed importunity, had left unestablished and undetermined; and that being thus decreed (though the Gentry found means to Elude this Paper-scare-crow) foreseeing the necessity and absolute combination of all things to the King's Re∣turn, he laboured to clog that also with limitations and conditions; but to less purpose than he had straightned this Free Convention ensuing, which was very unlike to prove so, if such designes had taken effect. For to the Honour and everlasting entire Felicity of this unparallelled Rovolution, and the noble General's Loyal, and most generous, and obliging Prudence (beyond all Par∣liamentory Engagements and Terms whatsoever) his Majesties Rights and un∣doubted Prerogative were left and returned to him most free and inviolate.

* 13.113A Convention was held in Ireland, in nature of a Parliament, till such time as one might be conveniently and rightly called, for to provide for the Peace and Safety of that Kingdom; from whence the L. Shannon, Sir Iohn Clothworthy, and Major Aston were sent as Commissioners to the Council.

During the Election of Members, it was wonderful to see the general chear∣fulness that possessed the minds and looks of all men, and the no less stupid con∣sternation of the Phanatick party (which term they likewise obtained, from a Letter of the General's from Scotland a little while before) so that it was plainly seen, God had disarmed their spirits of that violence that had so ••ong possessed them, even to their personating a concurrent Contentment in this strange muta∣tion of affairs. Only the vexed Rump, and furious Sir Arthur Hazelrig, were most outragiously disturbed, by finding themselves so out-witted, and to have made all this stir with Lambert, for no other purpose but to undo themselves: they recollected now,* 13.114 what Idiots and desperate Fools they were, in rejecting a Letter from the King, which was presented by Henry Nevil, as casually put into his hand (and their Voting of it not to be read or opened in the House) full of all Princely tenderness to their monstrous Crimes and Treasons, which being now on their part in exorable and unexpiable, but in their deserved punishment, they resolved on another Essay and device, like the Foxes tyed by the Tayls with fire at them, to offer at another attempt, which though it would not revenge them, would if it succeeded indempnate and impunifie them.

For while all things thus seemed to forward and further his Majesties Return into these Kingdoms, an Address being signed by the whole Army, wherein they vehemently testified their acquiescence in whatever the Counsels of the ensuing Parliament should produce, and their abhorrence of former practices by intruding into the Government, and interposing themselves against all Rea∣son and Duty in civil Matters;* 13.115 Colonel Lambert (as the last dying effort of those monstrous Violences which had so long prevailed against the bars of Law and Authority) broke out from his imprisonment in the Tower; notice where∣of being given, a Proclamation was sent after him, requiring him to render himself within 24 hours at his utmost Peril, and prohibiting any to conceal him; declaring likewise, that whosoever should take him should have 100 l. for his pains. This Escape was thought to have been effected by the conni∣vence or permission of Colonel Morley Lieutenant of the Tower: whereupon the General sent four Companies of Foot, under Major Nicholas, of whose faith he had experience, to command there; and presently gave order for Forces to march, in order to the reducing and re-taking of the said Colonel Lambert; to which service, most of the Gentry and Nobility in Town presently offered themselves, as also in the Country, especially in Warwick-shire under the Lords Brook,* 13.116 and Conway, where the first intelligence of him was had. He appeared first about Tocester, with a small company of Horse; from thence to Naseby, where Major Creed joyned with one hundred more, intending for Edge-hill; but within two miles of Daventry, Colonel Ingoldsby met him augmented to four Troops, and some Foot, making neer seven hundred; (but if he had stood two or three days, would have encreased to a formidable power, the Phana∣ticks of the Army marching from all parts of the Kingdom to this Rendez∣vouze) one whereof was Captain Haselrig's, who being surprized by Ingoldsby's Forlorn, promised upon his Liberty to bring over his Troop; which accordingly was done. Upon this, Lambert desired a Parley,* 13.117 thinking so to work upon the Souldiery; and there offered as a security to all Interests, the re-admission of Ri∣chard to be Protector: this being waived as a stale device, and Lambert seeing Colonel Ingoldsby ready to fall on,* 13.118 and that another Troop was revolted from him, he presently betook himself to flight, losing there the name of that Valour (especially among his enraged Phanaticks) which he had purchased through∣out the War; crying out twice, Pray my Lord let me escape; what good will my life or perpetual imprisonment do you? (he divined well) which, though mounted on a Barb, being on Plow-lands, he could not effect, but was taken by Colonel Ingoldsby's own hands: Creed, Axtel, and Cobbet escaped, though pursued some miles. Being thus secured, he was sent up in a Coach to the Tower, and came by Hide-park on Tuesday, April the 24, the day before the opening of the Parliament, when the City-forces, exceeding for gallantry and

number all former shows, Mustred there before the General, and the Council of State: the field resounding with the cry of King Charles the second.

* 13.119Now at last, our Right and desires, so long contended for, prevailed: for, April the 25. the Free-Parliament sate down in two Houses; they met first at Saint Margare••s Church,* 13.120 Westminster, where Doctor Reynolds Preached before them. The Lords chose the Earl of Manchester for their Speaker; and the House of Commons Sir Harbottle Grimston: Mr. Brown Clerk to the former; Mr. Iessop to the latter. I may not omit, that the Lord General was chosen Knight of his own County of Devon, and also by the University of Cambridge; and not above four Rumpers were returned. Scot made a bustle for his new E∣lection at Wickham, against Major-Gen. Brown's Eldest Son, but stood not to it; for he fled to Bruxels, where he was known, though he relyed on the Protecti∣on of the Spanish-Ambassador here formerly; and was taken, and sent hither back again not long after.

The first thing of note done by the Parliament, was an appointment of a Thanksgiving-day to God, for raising up his Excellency, and other eminent persons, and making them instrumental in delivering the Kingdome from Thraldom and Misery; and ordered, that the said General should have the ac∣knowledgment and hearty thanks of the Parliament, for the eminent and un∣parallel'd Services done these Nations, in freeing them from Slavery; which was accordingly performed: Thanks also were given afterwards to Col. In∣goldsby, for his retaking of Lambert.

Several persons, Officers of the Army, and other ill-affected people, were apprehended, and secured in several places, for the strengthning and establish∣ing the peace and happiness of the Kingdom, so forwardly and so happily be∣gun and advanced; for now at last we were arrived at the brink, and to the prospect of our ancient Government, and to the hopeful confirmation of our Peace, after which we had so long laboured in vain; and here our Troubles cease, to whom in this alluding rapture we bid farewel.

Hunc Finem Belli quod res commiscuit omnes, Non Gladii, non Saxa dabant, non tela, sed ille Perfidiae vindex & tanti sanguinis Ultor, MONKIUS— Hic murus abeneus esto.

Thus ends the War which overwhelm'd the State, Suffering a weaponless and bloodless Fate. MONK'S conquering Prudence did Revenge and cease Murder and Treason; HE, our Wall of Peace.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Twelve Par∣liament-men for a penny.
• * 1.2

  The manner of dissolving the Parliament.
• * 2.1

  A Declaration of the General and Council of Officers about the Dissolu∣tion, &c.
• * 2.2

  An Act for filling up the Parliament.
• * 2.3

  Addresses to Cromwel.
• * 2.4

  Vice-Admiral Pen in the Downs, with a Fleet of 70 sail.
• * 2.5

  Cromwel a Dictator.
• * 2.6

  A Council of State.
• * 2.7

  Marlborough burnt, Ap. 28.
• * 2.8

  Lord Digby honoured with the order of the Garter.
• * 2.9

  Ulster-forces in Ireland sub∣mit.
• * 2.10

  Trump in the Downs, ha∣ving given the English a go-by.
• * 2.11

  Engaged by Gen. Monke and Dean, &c. June 2 Gen. Dean slain.
• * 2.12

  Trump defea∣ted, June 2, 3.
• * 2.13

  The Dutch hang out a white Flag, and send a Messenger to the English, in order to a Peace.

  A new Parli∣ament called.
• * 3.1

  The Summons.
• * 3.2

  New Scotch Troubles.
• * 3.3

  The Dutch Trade at a stand.
• * 3.4

  The last Dutch Engagement between Gen. Monke and Van Trump on the Coast of Holland, July 29.
• * 3.5

  Van Trump slain, and the Dutch defea∣ted, July 31.
• * 3.6

  Gold Chains and Meddals ordered by the Parl. to be gi∣ven to the chief Commanders and Officers.
• * 3.7

  A Thanksgiv∣ing appointed.
• * 3.8

  De Wit con∣veys a great Fleet from the Sound.
• * 3.9

  Lord Opdam made Lieute∣nant-Admiral in place of Van Trump, who was Interred at Delf in great State.
• * 3.10

  Little Parlia∣ment met July 4.
• * 3.11

  Mr. Francis Rouse their Speaker.
• * 3.12

  Called Bare∣bone's Par∣liament, a Leather-sellers Name in Fleet∣street, one of the said Con∣vention.
• * 3.13

  The Names of the Parliament men.
• * 3.14

  Act for Mar∣riages.
• * 3.15

  A new Body of the Law to be made.
• * 3.16

  An Act for ••••••••h Adven∣turers and Al∣lotments.
• * 3.17

  Whitlock Embassador to Sweden.
• * 3.18

  A Summary of what the Par∣liament did.
• * 3.19

  Barebone's Parliament dissolved, Dec. 12.
• * 3.20

  Squib's, and Harrison's Speeches upon this occasion in the House.
• * 3.21

  The Speaker re∣signes the In∣strument.
• * 3.22

  The Protector Install's, Dec. 16.
• * 3.23

  The heads of the Module of Government.
• * 4.1

  The Protector's Oath.
• * 5.1

  The Proclama∣tion of the Protector.
• * 5.2

  Major-Gen. Harrison, and other Colonels disgust the U∣surper.
• * 5.3

  The Anabap∣tists and Se∣ctaries favou∣red by the Protector.
• * 5.4

  His Council.
• * 5.5

  The Dutch Em∣bassadors have Audience.
• * 5.6

  Col. Lilburn chief Comman∣der in Scot∣land.
• * 5.7

  He defeats the Royalists.
• * 5.8

  Col. Wogan slain.
• * 5.9

  Mortogh O Brian submits, March.
• * 5.10

  Cromwel in∣clined to Friendship with the French.
• * 5.11

  The Frigats at Brest rove at Sea.
• * 5.12

  Serjeants at Law made.
• * 5.13

  The Dutch Peace.
• * 5.14

  The Protector Dines at Gro∣cers-hall, and Knights Alder∣man Viner, Feb. 8▪
• * 5.15

  A Brick-bat flung at the Protectors Coach.
• * 5.16

  Gen. Monke sent by the Pro∣tector to Scot∣land, to com∣mand in chief▪
• * 5.17

  A Plot.
• * 5.18

  Col. Gerrard, &c. seized, Feb.
• * 5.19

  Cromwel sends his Son Henry into Ireland.
• * 5.20

  Cromwel en∣sures himself.
• * 5.21

  Whitlock Embassador to Sweden owns the Protector.
• * 5.22

  Monsieur Bur∣deaux Embas∣sador in Ordi∣nary to the Protector.
• * 5.23

  Commissioners, Nye, &c. for approbation of Ministers, March.
• * 5.24

  Cock-matches, and Horse-ra∣ces prohibited, and all such concourses of people.
• * 5.25

  The Commission of the Great Seal altered.
• * 5.26

  Hannah Trap∣nel a Qua∣king Prophetess secured.
• * 5.27

  Scotch Estates sold.
• * 5.28

  Gen. Monke proclaims Oli∣ver at Eden∣burgh.

  Arguile sides with the Eng∣lish.
• * 5.29

  A High Court of Iustice.
• * 5.30

  Lisle President thereof.
• * 5.31

  Col. Gerrard and Vowel Executed, Ju∣ly 10.
• * 5.32

  Col. John Gerrard a••d the Portugal Embassador's Brother Behea∣ded, July 10.
• * 5.33

  Ships blown up neer London-Bridge.
• * 5.34

  A short account of the Highland War.
• * 5.35

  The Earl of▪ Glencarn sub∣mits to the English.
• * 5.36

  The Farewel to the Scotch War.
• * 5.37

  The King through Leige to the Spaw.
• * 5.38

  Cromwel falls from his Coach-box.
• * 5.39

  Mr. Scrugg's Counsellor••
• * 5.40

  A Parliament, and met, Sep. 3.
• * 6.1

  Cromwel's Speech.
• * 6.2

  S••vera▪ Or••••∣nances pub••i••h∣ed in P••••••ia∣ment.
• * 6.3

  The designe on the West-In∣dies, Sep.
• * 6.4

  The Parl. Ex∣amine the Cases of the Lord Craven and Sir John Sta∣wel.
• * 6.5

  The Duke of Gloucester with the King at Colen.
• * 6.6

  Gen. Blake a wary Com∣mander.
• * 6.7

  Cromwel's Mother dieth, and is Buried in State, in Hen. 7th's Chappel.
• * 6.8

  Mr. John Sel∣den dyes.
• * 6.9

  Fleetwood made Deputy of Ireland, Steel Lord-Chancel∣lour, and Pe∣pys Lord-Chief-Iustice.
• * 6.10

  The Cavaliers and Fifth-Mo∣narchy-Plot.
• * 6.11

  Maj. Gen. O∣verton, Col. Okey, and o∣ther Officers Cashiered: Overton Com∣mitted to the Tower.
• * 6.12

  The Kings de∣signe discovered by Manning.
• * 6.13

  Sir Ralph Vernon Impri∣soned.
• * 6.14

  Western Insur∣rection.
• * 6.15

  Sir Joseph Wagstaff, Col. Penruddock, and Grove, at Salisbury.
• * 6.16

  The King Pro∣claimed at Blandford, March.
• * 6.17

  Penruddock and Grove taken.
• * 6.18

  Sir Joseph Wagstaff es∣capes.
• * 6.19

  Manning shot in the Duke of Newburgh's Country.
• * 6.20

  A terrable fire in Fleet-street London, ano∣ther at Abet∣soyle in Scot∣land.
• * 6.21

  Major Wild∣man Commit∣ted.
• * 6.22

  The Chancery and Hackney-Coaches regula∣ted.
• * 6.23

  A great fire in Thrednee∣dle-street London.
• * 6.24

  Harris a great Ch••••t.
• * 6.25

  Heresies and Sects.
• * 6.26

  Biddle a fa∣mous seducer, Publisher of the Racovian Ca∣techism.
• * 6.27

  The Turkish Alchoran Eng∣lished.

  The three grand Impostors, a seditious piece.
• * 6.28

  Hispaniola and Jamaica Expidition.
• * 6.29

  A sudd•••• and strange De••eat to the English.
• * 6.30

  They Rally.
• * 6.31

  And are again Defeated by the Spaniards.
• * 6.32

  Considerations of this defeat.
• * 6.33

  James Duke of Richmond dieth.
• * 6.34

  Windsor-Knights.
• * 6.35

  The Tryal of Penruddock, &c. May.
• * 6.36

  Six Condemned at Salisbury.
• * 6.37

  26 at Exeter.
• * 6.38

  And sive at Chard.
• * 6.39

  Major Hunt's handsome es∣cape.
• * 6.40

  Transportation of Royalists, June.
• * 6.41

  Iesuits Exiled.
• * 6.42

  Iudges Thorp and Newdi∣gate, lay down their Commis∣sions.
• * 6.43

  Marquess De Lede in Eng∣land.
• * 6.44

  Cromwel pre∣tends to com∣passionate the Waldenses.
• * 6.45

  Mr. Moreland in Savoy.
• * 6.46

  Serj. May∣nard, &c. to the Tower.
• * 6.47

  Porta Ferino fight, Apr. 4.
• * 6.48

  Nath. Fien∣nes made Cromwel's Lord Privy-Seal, Steel made Lord Chief-••aron, Lambert Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, and Glyn made Lord Chie••-Iustice.
• * 6.49

  Cromwel gives preser∣ments to seve∣ral Officers and others.
• * 6.50

  Sir Wil. Con∣stable one of the Kings Iudges dieth, and is buried in Hen. 7th's Chappel.

  A terrible fire at Lambeth.
• * 6.51

  The Nobility and Gentry of England secu∣red.
• * 6.52

  An Agent from the Prince of Transilvania departs.
• * 6.53

  The King of Sweden in Poland.
• * 6.54

  A Swedish Embassador.
• * 6.55

  Hannum the infamous Thief, breaks Prison and escapes.
• * 6.56

  Pen returns and Venables, Sept.
• * 6.57

  King Charles at Frankfort.
• * 6.58

  He is honoura∣bly treated by the Prince E∣lector of Mentz.
• * 6.59

  Dury a Mini∣ster one of Cromwel's Agents.
• * 6.60

  An Embassa∣dor from Ve∣nice comple∣ments Crom∣wel.
• * 6.61

  Arguile comes to kiss his Hands.
• * 6.62

  French peace concluded, Octob. 24.
• * 6.63

  The Royal Family of Eng¦land Exclu∣ded.
• * 6.64

  The Spaniard declare a war with Eng∣land.
• * 6.65

  The Loyal Cler∣gie supprest.
• * 6.66

  ••••omwel 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a new Authority Au∣t••••••y.
• * 6.67

  Royalists for∣bid to wear Arms.
• * 6.68

  Mr. Davison, &c. escapes at St. James's.
• * 6.69

  They kill a Souldier, and are retaken: are Indicted for Murther, but found guil∣ty onely of Man-slaughter.
• * 6.70

  Cromwel and the Jews treat about a Tolera∣tion. Manas∣seh Ben Is∣rael their A∣gent.
• * 6.71

  Note that it cost the people of England a whole fifteenth to get them ex∣pelled, in Ed. r.
• * 6.72

  Earl of Glen∣carn Prisoner in Edenbo∣rough.
• * 6.73

  23 persons kil∣led by the fall of Spalding Abbey.

  Sir Tho: Ash∣cock cut his Throat.
• * 6.74

  Sir Thomas Wortley kil∣led.
• * 6.75

  A Stationers Servant in Fleet-street hangeth him∣self.

  Colonel Gran∣thamson kil∣led.

  The Bp. of Ar∣magh dieth.
• * 6.76

  Cromwel al∣lowes 200 l. towards his Funeral.
• * 6.77

  Thames Ebbe and flow twice in two hours.

  Sir George Sonds his two unfortunate Sons, the one ••illing the o∣ther, and ••s 〈◊〉〈◊〉 for it.
• * 6.78

  A rencounter at Sea.
• * 6.79

  Maj. General Worsley dieth, and is buried in Hen. 7th's Chappel.
• * 6.80

  Wrestling in Moor-fields forbid.
• * 6.81

  Hannam the great Thief Hanged.
• * 6.82

  A great fire at St. Johnstons in Scotland.
• * 6.83

  A Committee appointed for inspection of Charters.
• * 6.84

  Gloucester Cathedral a School-house and Church.
• * 6.85

  Cromwel's designe in set∣ting up the Maj. Generals first to awe Elections.
• * 6.86

  The awe of E∣lections to Parliament.
• * 6.87

  Mr. Villiers changeth his Name by patent to Danvers.
• * 6.88

  The Parliament met.
• * 6.89

  Dr. Owen Preacheth be∣fore the Prote∣ctor.
• * 6.90

  Exclusion of Memb••rs thr•• Parliament.
• * 6.91

  Sir Thomas Widdrington chosen Speaker.
• * 6.92

  The King's Ti∣tle to the Crown annul∣ed.

  A Bill for the Protector's safety. The Pa••l. promise to assist him a∣gain••t the Spa∣niards.
• * 6.93

  The Plate-ships taken by Capt. Stayner, Sep.
• * 6.94

  Marq. of Ba∣dajox one of the King of Spain's Gover∣nours killed.
• * 6.95

  The Parliament appoint a day of Thanksgi∣ving.
• * 6.96

  The King of Portugal dies.
• * 6.97

  James Nay∣lor the Qua∣ker appears. He p••••sonates our Saviour.
• * 6.98

  He is sentenced to stand twice in the Pillory, to be twice whipt, to be Stigma∣tized, and to be Bored through the Tongue.
• * 6.99

  Lambert ap∣pears in his be∣half.
• * 6.100

  The King at Bruges.
• * 6.101

  Several Priso∣ners released.
• * 6.102

  Sindercomb's Plot.
• * 6.103

  The Parliament congratulates Cromwel's deliverance.
• * 7.1

  The Contents of the Speaker's Speech.
• * 7.2

  Syndercombe Condemned at the Kings-Bench, by Iu∣stice Glyn.
• * 7.3

  He is sent to the Tower, and the night before his Execution found dead. He is buried under the Scaffold at Tower-hill, a Stake being driven through his Body.
• * 7.4

  The Parliament dine with the Protector, Jan.
• * 7.5

  Alderman Pack motions Cromwel for King.
• * 7.6

  The Peace with Portugal Pro∣claimed.
• * 7.7

  Sir Thomas Widdrington commends the Title and Office of a King.
• * 7.8

  Cromwel courted to ac∣cept it.
• * 8.1

  The Ld. Whit∣lock's Speech to the Prote∣ctor.
• * 9.1

  The Protector's Speech to the Parliament concerning the Title of King.
• * 9.2

  Lambert tur∣ned off.
• * 9.3

  Fifth-Monar∣chy Plot.
• * 9.4

  One Machlin 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in his Age.
• * 9.5

  The King ••••∣tertains For∣ces in Flan∣ders.
• * 9.6

  Cromwel as∣sists the French with 6000
• * 9.7

  Ge••. Blake: desperate at∣tempt on the Spaniard.
• * 9.8

  Sancta Cruz fight, Apr. 20.
• * 9.9

  The Spanish Fleet fired.
• * 9.10

  The English in danger, but de∣livered by a Miracle.
• * 9.11

  The Par••. ap∣point a Thanks∣giving, and present their General Blake with 500 l.
• * 9.12

  Capt. Stainer Knighted.
• * 9.13

  The Lord Cra∣ven's Case of∣fered to the Parl. but de∣ferred by the Protector.
• * 9.14

  Cromwel Signes Acts.
• * 10.1

  His Speech.
• * 11.1

  The Humble Petition and Advice.
• * 12.1

  Cromwel's Speech at his acceptance thereof.
• * 12.2

  His Investiture.
• * 12.3

  The Protector installed, &c.
• * 12.4

  The Speaker's Comment on the Ceremonies thereof.
• * 12.5

  A Book called Killing no Murther pub∣lished now.
• * 12.6

  A terrible Blow of Gun∣powder neer Wapping.
• * 12.7

  An Earth∣quake in Che∣shire.
• * 12.8

  Several Mur∣thers and other accidents, &c.
• * 12.9

  Bernards that betrayed Col. Andrews Hanged for Robbery.
• * 12.10

  St. Venant taken by the United Forces.
• * 12.11

  Mardike ta∣ken Sep. 23. and put into English hands.
• * 12.12

  Mardike Stor∣med by night, Octo. 22.
• * 12.13

  Col. Reynolds, &c. cast away on the Good∣wyn-sands.
• * 12.14

  Sir Philip Medows the Protector's En∣voy to Den∣mark, Colonel Jephson to Sweden.
• * 12.15

  Cromwel Swears his Privy Council. The Earl of Mulgrave made on••, Rich. Cromwel a∣nother Lord of the Council, and Chancellor of Oxford.
• * 12.16

  Cromwel's advancement of his Sons.
• * 12.17

  His Daughter Mary Marri∣ed to the Lord Faulcon∣bridge.
• * 12.18

  His Daughter Francis Mar∣ried to the E. of Warwick's Grand-son
• * 12.19

  A new East-India-Compa∣ny constituted. Mr. Downing Cromwel's Envoy into Holland.
• * 12.20

  The solemniza∣tions of Christ∣mass forbidden, &c.
• * 12.21

  Dr. Gunning's Congregation seized and Plundered.
• * 12.22

  The Other House as in∣structed fawn upon the lower▪
• * 12.23

  The Names of Cromwel's Other Houses.
• * 12.24

  The Names of the Iudges of both Benches,
• * 12.25

  with the Ba∣rons of the Ex∣chequer,
• * 12.26

  and Serjeants at Law.
• * 12.27

  A Humiliation day appointed
• * 12.28

  The Parliament dissolved.
• * 12.29

  Cavalier-Plot discovered, and Marq. of Or∣mond hardly escapes.
• * 12.30

  Sheriffs dis∣charged of ex∣pence at As∣sizes.
• * 12.31

  Blake dies re∣turning home.
• * 12.32

  His Character.
• * 12.33

  Cromwel's Fears and per∣plexed condi∣tion.
• * 12.34

  Royalists or∣dered to depart from London.
• * 12.35

  A Plot disco∣vered, and the persons engaged in it secured.
• * 12.36

  The King in readiness with Forces under General Mar∣sin.
• * 12.37

  Sir Henry Slingsby de∣coyed.
• * 12.38

  The City A∣larm'd with a pretended Plot, May 16.
• * 12.39

  A High Court of Iustice. The Tryal of Sir Henry Slingsby, and Dr. John Hewit.
• * 12.40

  Mr. John Mordant try∣ed and acquit∣ted.
• * 12.41

  Sir Henry Slingsby and Dr. Hewit Be∣headed on Tower-hill, June 8.
• * 12.42

  Ashton Bet∣tely and Sta∣cy hanged, &c.
• * 12.43

  Earl of War∣wick dieth.
• * 12.44

  The Lady Clay∣pole dieth.
• * 12.45

  Earl of Mul∣grave dieth. A great ••••hale at Greenwich.
• * 12.46

  Sir Tho: Wid∣drington made Lord Chief-Ba∣ron.
• * 12.47

  Dunkirk Be∣sieged by Eng∣lish and French Forces.
• * 12.48

  Don John of Austria de∣signes to relieve Dunkirk.
• * 12.49

  Dunkirk Bat∣tle.
• * 12.50

  The Spanish Army routed.
• * 12.51

  The Duke of York's Con∣duct and Va∣lour in this ser∣vice.
• * 12.52

  The Governour Marquess De Lede killed.
• * 12.53

  Th•• Dunkirkers treat, June 22.
• * 12.54

  And ••urrender∣ed upo•• Arti∣cles.
• * 13.1

  The English pos∣sess Dunkirk.
• * 13.2

  Cromwel dies Sep. 3.
• * 13.3

  Cromwel senseless before his death.
• * 13.4

  His Character.
• * 13.5

  Richard's Ad∣vi•••• and Co••••∣sellors.
• * 13.6

  Richard Pro∣claimed,
• * 13.7

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 Sworn.
• * 13.8

  French Cardi∣nal ••oys the Queen-Mother with Crom∣wel's death.
• * 13.9

  Addresses to Richard full of Blasphemous expressions of Oliver.
• * 13.10

  60000 l. allot∣ted for the Ex∣pence.
• * 13.11

  Cromwel's Funeral.
• * 13.12

  Independent Sy∣nod at the Sa∣voy.
• * 13.13

  Richard out∣runs his guards, and endanger∣ed at hawking.
• * 13.14

  Richard's Parliament meet, Jan. 27.
• * 13.15

  An Expedient in Recognizing Richard,
• * 13.16

  and the other House not Ex∣cluding the an∣cient Peers.
• * 13.17

  The notable pro∣ceedings of the Parliament.
• * 13.18

  The Revenue and charges of the Kingdom.
• * 13.19

  The Army and Protector jar.
• * 13.20

  G••••. Monta∣gue with a Fleet to the Sound, Mar. 30.
• * 13.21

  The Armies Remonstrance to Richard.
• * 13.22

  The Speaker Mr. Chaloner Chute dieth.
• * 13.23

  Richard offer∣ed terms by the Danish Embas∣sador.
• * 13.24

  The wretched suspence of Ri∣chard.
• * 13.25

  Resolves of Parliament a∣gainst Meeting of the Army-Officers.
• * 13.26

  Richard thrown aside, and in danger•• of Arrests, and dares not ap∣pear.
• * 13.27

  The Names of the Rump-Par∣liament-Mem∣bers.
• * 13.28

  Rumps Decla∣ration.
• * 13.29

  Secluded Mem∣bers offer to sit with the Rump.
• * 13.30

  The Rump Ex∣clude the for∣mer secluded Members.
• * 13.31

  Qualifications of the 9 of May
• * 13.32

  A Council of State chosen.
• * 13.33

  The Term dis∣continued.
• * 13.34

  Note, Richard was to have 20000 l. in all per an∣num, and his Mother 8000 l. more.
• * 13.35

  Benches suppli∣ed.
• * 13.36

  Armies Ad∣dress.
• * 13.37

  The derivation of Rump.
• * 13.38

  Addresses from Forrain Prin∣ces.
• * 13.39

  Henry Crom∣wel ordered to surrender the Government of Ireland.
• * 13.40

  An Act of In∣demnity pub∣lished.
• * 13.41

  A Skirmish at Enfield-chace.
• * 13.42

  Royalists, Priests and Ie∣suits banished.
• * 13.43

  A new Cava∣lier-Plot gene∣rally laid, and discovered by indiscretion and Treachery, &c.
• * 13.44

  Tunbridg and Red-hill Ri∣sings suppressed.
• * 13.45

  Massey like∣wise in Glou∣cester-shire.
• * 13.46

  Sir George Booth's rising in Cheshire, Aug.
• * 13.47

  Lambert sen•• to reduce Sir Geo: Booth.
• * 13.48

  Several Noble∣men Prisoner••.
• * 13.49

  Sir George Booth defea∣ted, Aug. 19▪
• * 13.50

  Sir George Booth taken at Newport-pagnel.
• * 13.51

  The King about St. Malos and Coast of Bri∣tany.
• * 13.52

  At St. Jean de Luz.
• * 13.53

  The Rumps Ple∣nipotentaries into the Sound
• * 13.54

  The Act for Lilburn's Ba∣nishment repea∣led.

  James Naylor released.
• * 13.55

  The General's policy in secu∣ring the Scotch Nobility.
• * 13.56

  Sir Anthony Ashley Coo∣per questio∣ned by the Rump.
• * 13.57

  Chester-Cor∣poration and Charter taken away.
• * 13.58

  Army-Repre∣sentation de∣bated.
• * 13.59

  Published by Lambert be∣fore answered.
• * 13.60

  Rump Resolute, and void the Commissions of Lambert, &c.
• * 13.61

  The Speaker stopt, and a Fray expected.
• * 13.62

  Lambert pre∣vailed against the Rump.
• * 13.63

  Army new mo∣duled.
• * 13.64

  City invite Parl. and Ar∣my to a Dinner, on thanks-giv∣ing day, Oct. 6.
• * 13.65

  The Committee of Safety.
• * 13.66

  The Army De∣claration upon this change.
• * 13.67

  Bradshaw the President dieth. Novemb.
• * 13.68

  Aturney Gen-Prideaux di∣eth.
• * 13.69

  G. Monke de∣clares his un∣satisfiedness with the Army proceedings, the the manner how, Oct. 18.
• * 13.70

  Secures Ana∣baptist Officers.
• * 13.71

  The Gen. sends Letters.
• * 13.72

  And maintains correspondence, &c,
• * 13.73

  Lambert offer∣ed Terms from the King by the Lord Hatton.
• * 13.74

  Anabaptist like Presbyte∣ry hath its turn.
• * 13.75

  Sir William Wild chose Re∣corder of Lon∣don.
• * 13.76

  Doctor Clargis sent to the Gen. in Scotland, Novemb.
• * 13.77

  Moncks Commi••sioners agree, to no purpose, No∣vemb.
• * 13.78

  General Monke calls a Scotch Conven∣tion, and ob∣tains his de∣mands.
• * 13.79

  The Earl of Glencarn Chair-man to that Conventi∣on.
• * 13.80

  Portsmouth seized by Ha∣zelrig, Decem∣ber 4.
• * 13.81

  Tumults in London about a Free-Parlia∣ment, Decemb. throughout.
• * 13.82

  Hewson Mar∣cheth with Ter∣rour into Lon∣don.
• * 13.83

  Lambert would Fight.
• * 13.84

  A Free-Parli∣ament noised as the only expe∣dient.
• * 13.85

  Major General Brown in a new Design.
• * 13.86

  Wallingford-House broke up, and Army sub∣mit.
• * 13.87

  Lord Fairfax Arms against Lambert.
• * 13.88

  Lambert de∣serted.
• * 13.89

  The Rump re∣seated. Dec. 26.
• * 13.90

  The City sent their Sword-bearer to the Gen.
• * 13.91

  Hazelrig thanked, &c.
• * 13.92

  General Monk signifies his in∣tentions of com∣ing to London.
• * 13.93

  Robinson and Scot sent to meet him.
• * 13.94

  The King re∣turns in State, and with great Reception to Brussels
• * 13.95

  Abjuration of the King in∣tended by the Rump.
• * 13.96

  Lady Monck ar••ives at White-hall.
• * 13.97

  The brief rela∣tion of the turn and cha••ge by Gen. Monck, in i••s series and compendi∣ous view.
• * 13.98

  Gen. Monck at London.
• * 13.99

  Gates and Portcullices pulled down, Feb. 9.
• * 13.100

  The General rendezvoused in Finsbury-fields, and de∣clares for a free Parliament and City, Feb. 9. Bonfires and Rumps roasted that night.
• * 13.101

  Secluded Mem∣bers restored, Feb. 21.
• * 13.102

  Sir Charles Coot wonder∣fully reduceth Ireland.
• * 13.103

  Rich his Regi∣ment mutiny.
• * 13.104

  The City Feast the General.
• * 13.105

  Made Gen. at Sea with Mon∣tague.
• * 13.106

  Presbytery ten∣dring an Esta∣blishment.
• * 13.107

  The Engage∣ment annulled▪
• * 13.108

  Writs for a Free-Parlia∣ment.
• * 13.109

  The Long-Par∣liament Dissol∣ved, Marc. 23.
• * 13.110

  Agitating for∣bid.
• * 13.111

  Elections for the Free-Par∣liament.
• * 13.112

  St. John stic∣kles in the Council of State for Propo∣sitions and Terms with the King.
• * 13.113

  A Convention in Ireland.
• * 13.114

  A Letter sent to the Rump by the King.
• * 13.115

  Lambert e∣scapes from the the Tower, April 11.
• * 13.116

  Defeated and taken, Apr. 22.
• * 13.117

  Lambert pro∣poseth the re∣storing of Rich. Protector.
• * 13.118

  Lambert dis∣mayed and ta∣ken, Apr. 22.
• * 13.119

  A Free-Parli∣ament.
• * 13.120

  April 22.