Here begynneth a ryght frutefull mater: and hath to name the boke of surueyeng and improume[n]tes

¶Who be fre tenauntes and what landes and tene∣mentes and what fees they holde and by what ser∣uyce / wheder by socage or by knyght seruyce or o∣ther / and what rent of assyse they gyue by the yere and who holdeth by charter and who by Aūcyent demeyne / and who by newe feoffement. Cap. xi. (Book 11)

ITem inquirendum est qui sunt liberi tenen∣tes / et qui et quas terras et tenementa / et que feoda teneant / et per quod seruicium / vtrum per soccagium / vel per seruiciū militare / vel alio modo / et quantum reddant per annum de reddi¦tu Assise / et qui tenent per cartam / et qui non / et qui per antiquam tenuram et qui per nouum feoffamen∣tum. Also it is to be enquered / who be fre tenauntes and what maner landes and tenementes / and what fees they holde and by what seruice / and wheder it be by socage or by knight seruyce or of any other maner and what they yelde by the yere of rent of Assise / and

who holdeth by charter and who nat / and who by the olde tenur / and who by the newe feoffement. It ape∣reth by this artycle / y^t there be many maner of fre hol¦des / and holde their landes and tenemētes in diuers maner / and by many maner of rentes / customes / and seruyces / as tenauntes in fee symple / tenātes in tayle tenant{is} by copye of court role / tenauntes by the cur∣tesy / tenauntes in dower / and tenauntes for terme of lyfe by speciall graūt / and many other. And all these tenauntes maye holde their landes by dyuers tenu∣res / customes / and seruyces: as by homage / fealtie / escuage / socage / knight seruyce / graunt sergentie / pe¦tyte sergentie / franke almoyne / homage / auncetrell / burgage / tenures / and tenure in vyllenage. But to declare the dyuersytie of all the tenures / it wolde be to longe a processe / & therfore I remytte it to the first boke of the cōmen lawe / called the tenures. But y^e di∣uersytie of these tenures / what rentes / fees / customes and seruices / the lorde ought to haue of his tenaūtes can nat be knowen but by the lordes euydence / court rolles / rentayles / and suche other presydētes / and spe¦cially by the originall dedes of their tenauntes. And ye shall knowe / y^t the lordes maye nat distreyne their tenauntes nor cease their landes in to their handes / to cause their tenantes to shewe their euydence / wher¦by they holde their landes. But and the lorde haue a¦ny euydence / rentayles / or court rolles / or any maner of rentes / customes / and seruyce that he hath nat and can proue a possessyon of the same in his auncesters / sythe the lymitacyon expressed in the statute of West∣mynster

seconde in the secōde chapiter / than he maye laufully distrayne for the same. And than must the te¦naunt shewe a discharge by suffycient writyng / and nat by wordes / or elles to paye the same: for mater in writyng / may nat be discharged by a newe de paroll .s. bare wordes. The statute speketh / qui tenent per cartam / et qui non. The tenauntes in fee symple and the tenauntes in tayle / that haue euidence and dedes made & sealed / and possessyon delyuered of their lor∣des or by their attourney / from one to another / they holde their lādes by charter / be it newe made or olde. And also there be tenauntes in fee symple / and tenaū¦tes in tayle / that holde by no charter / and those be te∣nauntes by copye of courte role. As and a lorde haue a manere / and within the sayd manere there is a cu∣stome that hath ben vsed tyme out of mynde / that cer¦tayne tenauntes within the sayd maner haue vsed to haue their landes and tenementes / to holde to them and to their heyres / in fee symple / fee tayle / or for tme of lyfe at the wyll of the lorde / after the custome of the manere. & suche a tenant maye nat gyue nor selle his lande by dede / for and he do / the lorde maye entre as in landes forfayte to hym. For if suche a tenant wyll gyue or sell suche maner of lādes to another / he must surrēdre the same landes in the lordes court in to the lordes handes / vnto the vse of hym that shulde haue it: or in fee symple / fee tayle / or for terme of lyfe. And he that shall haue the lande / must come into the court and take it of the lorde / as here after foloweth.

AD hanc curiam venit I.B. et sursum reddi∣dit / in eadem curia vnum messuagium. &c. in manus domini ad vsum A. D. et hered suorū vel hered de corpore suo existētium / vel pro termino vi∣te sue. Et super hoc venit predictus A. D. et cepit de domino in eadem curia predictum messuagium. &c. habendum et tenend sibi et heredibus suis / vel sibi & hered de corpore suo existētibus / vel sibi ad terminū vite sue ad voluntatem dn̄i secundum cōsuetudinem manerii / faciēdo et reddendo inde reddit seruicia cō¦suetudīes inde prius debita et cōsueta / et dat dn̄o de fine. &c. et fecit dn̄o fidelitatē / et ad missus est inde te¦nēs. And these maner of tenantes shall nat plede nor be impleded of their tenemētes by the kynges writte but and they wyll implede eche other for their ten̄tes they shall haue their pleynt made in the lordes court / after this forme or this effect. A de B. querit versus C de D. de placito terre vcʐ de vno messuagio decē a¦cris tre tri{bus} acris {per}ti. &c. cū {per}tin̄. & shall make {pro}testa¦cion to sue his pleynt 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 nature of the kynges writ / of formdowne in dec〈…〉〈…〉t the cōmen lawe / or of the kynges writ of assise of nouell disseson / or of assise of mortaūceter / or of any other writ at the cōmen lawe. Plegii de prosequend GF. et GH. but howe the de¦claracion / the answere / replicacion / & reioyndre shul¦de be made: and also in actiōs of dette / detinue / c••ue¦nauntes / trespas / & suche other / I remyt y^t to men of lawe y^t haue expeience therof. but one thyng wotte I well / y^t many an erronious processe the steward{is} ma¦ke in their court rolles. Wherfore men of honour and

of worshyppe / and abbottes / priours / and suche other shulde make men of lawe their stewardes / & to cause them to exercyse the offyce hym selfe with his clerke / sufficiently instructed by his maister / that there may be made due proues without fauoure / bribery / or ex∣torcyon / on payne of forfeyture of his offyce. But it is a cōmen vse in some countreis: that lordes / knigh¦tes / esquyers / and gentylmen / that knowe but lytell of the lawe be made stewardes / and they come to the court or sende their clerkes / that can as lytell lawe as their mayster or lasse: but that he vnderstandeth a ly¦tell laten. And if there be a fyne to make for a tene∣ment / house / or close / that is to be sette: the stewarde shall haue a rewarde for his good wyll / that he may haue it before another man / and the clerke must ha∣ue another rewarde for to entreat his mayster to the same / so that the lordes fyne must nedes be the lasse / or els the poore man shalbe at a great charge. Wher∣of speketh Salomon / prouerbiorum .xvii. Melius est parum cum iustitia / {quam} multi fructus cum iniqui∣tate. It is better to haue a lytell rightwisely / than to haue moche {pro}fyte wickedly. But nowe to my mater that I spake of before / there maye be in one manere or lordshyp bothe charter lande and copyelande / and eche of thē well knowen from other / & one man maye haue and holde them bothe. Also there be other tenā∣tes by copy of court role / and is called tenauntes per¦le virge .s. by the yerde. And they be called so / bycau¦se whan they wolde surrendre their tenementes in to the lordes hādes to the vse of another / they shall haue

a lytell yerde in his hande by custome of the courte / & that he shall delyuer vnto the stewarde / if he be there present / or to the bayly or reue / or to other two honest men of the lordeshyp. And at the next court he y^t shall haue the said landes shall take it in the court / and his takyng shalbe entred in the role / and the stewarde or bayly as the customes is vsed / shall delyuer to hym y^t shall haue the lande the same yerde / or another in the name of season / & hath non other euydēce but y^e copy of y^e court role & it maye be made in fee symple for fee tayle or for terme of lyfe / And all maner of customes that be nat agayne reason may be admytted and a lo¦wed for a custome. And how be it that these maner of copye holders haue an estate of enherytaunce / after the custome of the maner / yet haue they no franke te∣nement bycause of the cōmen lawe / and therfore they be called tenantes of base tenur. Mesemeth it were necessary and cōuenyent / to shewe dyuers dyuersites howe copyes shulde be made / for fere lest euery man that taketh vpon hym to kepe a court / hath nat {per}fite∣lye thexperyence therof / as herafter enseweth.

¶First of surrenders of landes holden by the yerde.

HE shall take a yerde in his hande by thende / and delyuer the stewarde the other ende in his hande / and say to the stewarde. Here I A.B. do yelde vp or surrendre my landes that called D. the whiche I holde of this lordeshyp at the lordes

wyll / after the custome of this manere / to the behoue of Iohan Browne and his heyres.

¶Howe the stewarde shall delyuer season.

¶The stewarde shall delyuer hym an ende of the yarde in his hande that shall haue this lande / and he shall saye thus to hym. My lorde graunteth you sea∣son of this lande that was A. B. the whiche ye haue take here in the courte to you and to youre heyres / to holde at my lordes wyll / after the custome of this ma¦nere / and than he shall be sworne. &c.

¶The maner of the othe of the tenaunt.

¶I shall beare faythe & trouthe to my lorde of this manere / as for the landes and tenementes that I ha∣ue taken of hym / and truely do and pay the sutes / cu∣stomes / rentes / and seruyces that longeth therto / as for y^e terme that I shall ocupy it / so helpe me god. &c. and kysse the boke & ley downe .i.d. as the custōe is.

¶Howe the copy shulde be made of landes holden by the yarde.

¶Ad hanc cur dn̄s concessit extra manus suas {per} I. F. capitalem sen̄ suum TD. & M. vxori eius vnum mess. et sex acr terre cū pertin̄ iacent apud B. qui{bus} dn̄s persenescallū suum concessit seisinā habend sibi et heredibus suis de dn̄o per virgam ad voluntatem dn̄i secundum consuetudinem manerii / et dant pro

fine pro ingressu inde habendū prout patet in capite et fecit dn̄o fidelitatem / et admissus est inde tenens.

¶Another forme for certayne rent / for all maner of seruyce.

¶Ad hanc cur dn̄s concessit per I.F. senescallū suū TB et M. vxori sue vnum mess. sex acr terre .ii. acr prati / et vnam acram bosci cū pertin̄ prefat{is} T & M. hered / et assignatis suis ad voluntatem dūi secundū consuetudinem manerii / redd inde annuatim dn̄o / et hered suis / vel successoribus suis / si dn̄s sit religio sus .v.s.vi.d. pro omni{bus} et singulis seruiciis ad du∣os anni terminos videlicet. &c. equis portionibus / et dant dn̄o define. &c. et fecit fidelit. The cōmen course is nat to put in certayntie all their rentes / customes / and seruyces / in their copyes. And that is in auncy∣ent demeyne / and in all places where their tenaūtes haue their landes by copye to them and their heyres / after the custome of the manere. for there they haue or ought to haue a customarie role / wherin is euery mannes lande contayned / and what rent / customes / and seruyces euery man ought to pay and do / and in many places / their lawes and their customes be put in writyng / and remeyn in their owne kepyng to put thē in a redynesse / whā nede shall require. but & there shalbe made any new incrochmētes or intackis inclo¦sed or taken in out of the cōmens / or any myne newe foūde / as leed / ore / tyn / cole / yrcuston or suche other / if a copy shalbe made therof / it is thā necessary & conue¦nyent

the rente therof to be put in the copye / for it is a newe thyng that hath nat gone by custome / and also it wolde be put in the customarye role / for this newe approumēt maye fortune to encrese of rent or decrese in rent / and therfore the rentes must alway be expres∣sed. Also wher a man hath a lordshyp / wherin be ma¦ny tenantes that holde their landes of their lorde by copy of court role for terme of yeres or for tme of life where they haue no state of inherytaunce. In all su∣che copyes / it is conuenyent that the rentes be expres¦sed in the same copyes / causa patet.

¶A recogniscyon of a tenaunt what he holdeth of the lorde.

¶Ad hanc cur venit R. T. coram S. E. senescallo huius manerii / & cognouitse tener de domino vnum messuagtū / decem acras terre / tres acras prati cum pertin̄ in L. voc. C. libere per cartam in socagio per redditum .xii.d. vel vnam libram piperis / et sectam cur bis per annum. Et etiam dictus RT. cognouit se tenere de domino alium messuagium cū crofto ad iacente / et sex acras tre / et. ii acras prati cum pertifi / ad voluntatem domini secūdum consuetudinem ma¦nerii / et per redd duorum solidorum / et fecit fidelita¦tem / et admissus est tenens.

¶The forme of a copye in auncyent demeyne where the proclamacyons shulde be hadde.

¶Ad hanc cur tent ibidem tali die et anno. &c. venit A.B. filius et heres I.B. et sursum redd in manus dn̄i vnum messuagium .x. acr terr / tres acr prati cū vno crofto in D. infra iurisdictionem huius cur ad opus EF hered / et assign̄ suo{rum} im{per}petuum virtute barganie ī eos fact. Et su{per} hoc publica {pro}clamatio in ead cur fact fuit {quod} si quis aliqd ius in seu ad eūdem messuag. terr prat et crofto / vel in aliqua eo{rum} parcel¦la pretēdere voluit / vel haberet veniret et audiretur / et nullus venit ad hāc cur / per qd scdm consuetudinē manerii / messu. predict terras prata et croft predict remanerent in manus dn̄i / vs{que} ad tertiā proclamac su{per} eo••dem fact / et su{per} hoc dies dat est {per}tibus predi∣ctis essendi ad {pro}ximam cur manerii p̄dicti / ad audi end su{per} inde iuditiū suū su{per} premissis / et ad hāc cur tent ibidē tali die. &c. tam p̄dict{us} AB {quam} predict EF venere / et su{per} hocscda proclamcio fact fuit su{per} p̄mis∣sis / {quod} si aliquis aliqd ius vel titulū ad predict mess. terr prata. &c. haberet aut pretēderet veniret et audi. ret. Et nullus venit et su{per} hoc dies dat est {per}tibus pre¦dictis essēdi ad {pro}ximam cur manerii predicti et aue diendi inde iuditium suum. Et ad hanc cur tent ibi∣dem tali die. &c. tam predictus AB {quam} predict{us} EF. vener / & super hoc tertia proclamatio facta fuit super premissis {quod} si aliquis aliquod ius / vel titulum ad pre¦dict messuagium terr prat et croft / vel in aliqua eo∣rum parcella haberet / vel pretenderet / veniret / et au∣diretur: et nullus adhuc venit. Et su{per} hoc dominus per IG. senescallum suum concessit seisinam de pre∣dict messuagio terras prat / et croft cum eorum per∣tinenc

prefato E. F. tenend sibi hered / et assign̄ suis secundum consuetudinem manerii predict / et dat do¦mino de fine ad ingressū. &c. et admissus est inde te∣nens et fecit fidelitatem.

¶The forme of a copye in auncient demeyne wher the wyfe shalbe examyned.

Dale. ¶Ad cur tent ibidem tli die anno. &c. TB. de N et M. vxor eius hic in plena cur sola examina∣ta et confess. sursum reddiderūt in manus dn̄i vnum messuagium et dīam bonatam terr / ac vnam quatro nam terre cum suis pertin̄ in N. predicta voc D. ad opus WC de O. vnde accidit dn̄o vnū equū de her∣riotto. et super hoc venit dictus WC. & cepit de dn̄o dict mess. &c. cum suis pertiū habend et tenend sibi & anne vxor sue et her et assign̄ ipsius W. im{per}petuum secundum consuetudinem manerii / per redd consue¦tudinem et seruic inde prius debit et consuet / et dant dn̄o de fine pro ingressu habend dict mess. et ceteris premissis. &c. et data est eis seisinā et fecerūt fidelit.

¶Another forme for terme of lyfe.

¶Ad hanc cur. &c. venit ID et I. vxor eius ipsa so∣la examinata coram senescallo / et sursum reddiderūt in manus dn̄i vnum ten̄tum cum {per}tin̄ in A. iac inter tenement IB. ex parte orrient et ten̄tum CD. ex {per}∣te occident et abuttat super altam viam ex parte au∣strali et super gardinū EF. ex parte boriali ad opus GH et I. vxoris eius ad terminum vite eorum et al∣terius

eorum diutius viuentis secūdum consuetudi∣nem manerii / & dant dn̄o de fine. &c. et fecerūt fidelit.

¶Another forme vpon condycion.

¶Ad hanc cur. &c. venit IC. et sursum redd in ma¦nus dn̄i vnum cotagium iacent. &c. ad opus ID. &c tenend sibi et hered suis de domino ad voluntatem domini secundum. &c. sub conditionibus subsequen∣tibus: vicʐ si predict{us} ID. soluat aut solui faciat pre¦fat IC. xl.s. ad fest vicʐ. &c. proximo futuro post da∣ta huius curie {quod} tunc presens sursum redd sit in suo robore et effectu / et si ipse defecerit in solutiōe solutio nū p̄dict in {per}te vel in to / {quod} ex tunc bene licebit prefat IC. et assign̄ suis reintrare et rehabere predictum cotagium ista sursum reddic non obstante in aliquo et dat domino de fine / et cetera. et fecit fidelitatem. et cetera. et admissus est et cetera.

¶Another maner of surrendre made to the baylye out of the court.

¶Ad hanc cur. &c. compertum est {quod} TC. extra cur sursum reddidit in manus I. D. balliui in presenc. DR. et aliorum tenentium domini huius manerii / hoc testante vnam acram terre in G. quond WB. et opus X.z. cui dominus inde cōcessit seisinam tenend sibi et hered et cetera / de seruic. &c / et dat. &c.

¶Another forme / wher the lorde graunteth a copye of his specyall graunt.

¶Ad cur apud D. tent ibidem tali die et anno. &c. preceptū fuit balliuo seisir in manu dn̄i / vnum tene∣mentū siue messuagium cum pertiū IB. voc. E. eo {quod} ipse alienauerit / et vendidit dictum ten̄tum cuidā IT ••ine licentia dn̄i et inde respondebit domino de exitibus quous{que}. &c. et {quod} in ista eadem cur domi∣nus / ex sua gratia speciali concessit dictū tenemētum cum pertin̄ prefato IB. cui dominus inde concessit seisinam habend sibi et hered. &c. de domino ad vo∣luntatem secundum. &c. et dat. &c. et fecit et cetera.

¶Another maner for terme of yeres / where the lorde shall kepe reparacyon.

¶Ad hanc cur dominus per IF senescallum suum concessit IE. vnum messuagium cum domibus su∣perastantibus et aduersas terras prata pascuas & pa¦sturas cum sepibus fossatis / et omnibus aliis suis {per}¦tin̄ voc A. habend et tenend sibi & assign̄ suis a festo sancti Michaelis archangeli proxīo futuro post dat huius cur vs{que} ad finem et terminum quadraginta annorum / ex tunc proximo sequentium et plenarie cō plendorum redd inde annuatim .xx.s. ad duos anni terminos vicʐ. &c. {per} equales portiōes. Prouiso sem{per} {quod} durante termino predicto predictus dn̄s inueniet meremiū totiens quotiens necessarium fuerit dicto tenemento ad emendandum reperandum et sustinē∣dum / et dat domino define. &c. et fecit fidelit. &c.

¶Another maner / where a man pretendeth a tytle / and after releseth in the court.

¶Ad hanc cur tent. &c. compertum est {quod} cum domi¦nus per IF. senescallum suum / ad cur tent apud C. tali die et anno. &c. concessit extra manus domini. AB. et hered suis vnam peciam terre continentem circa tres acras terre siue plus siue minus habeatur quond TC in A. iacentem inter terram PQ ex {per}te australi et terram RS. &c. habend &c. ad voluntatē domini secundum. &c. et postea venit quedam Alicia Bate coram prefato IF senescallo domini / et preten¦dit habere titulum in predicta pecia terre / et hic pre∣sens in cur remisit relaxauit et im{per}petuum quietum clamauit prefato AB. et hered suis per licentiam do¦mini totum ius suum et clamium / que habet vel ha∣buit vel in futur habere poterit in predicta pecia ter∣re / et in qualibet inde {per}cella. Ita vicʐ {quod} ipsa Alicia nec hered sui / nec aliquis alius nomine eorum aliqd ius / vel clameum in predicta pecia terre de cetero exi¦gere / vel vendicare poterit / {sed} ab omne actione iuris vel clamei sint exclusi {per} presentes / et dat domino. &c. et fecit. et cetera.

¶Another forme / where the heyre is admyt∣ted to his lande / after the dethe of his father.

¶Ad hanc cur tent. &c. compertum est {quod} IB. obiit seisitus post vltimam curiam / qui de domino tenuit sibi et hered fuis vnā placeā terr voc C. & inde obiit seisitus et dicūt qd RB. filius eius est proximus he∣res / et plene etatis / vel infra etatem vicʐ .xii. annorū et in custodia. TW vel SB. frater eius / vel cōsan∣guineus

eius est proximus heres eiusdem IB et ple¦ne etatis / et presens hic in cur petit admitti et admis∣sus est inde tenens / tenend sibi et hered suis de dn̄o ad voluntatem scdm consuet. &c. et dat. &c. & fecit. &c.

¶Another forme of landes tayled with a remayndre ouer.

¶Ad hanc cur compertum est qd RB de A. ad cur tent apud E tali die et anno. &c. surrum redd in ma∣nus domini vnū tenementum et tres acras terre voc C ad opus RC filius eiusdem R et A vxor eius qui¦bus dn̄s concessit seisinam. Tenend sibi et hered de corporibus eorum legittime procreat. Et si predict{us} R et A vxor eius sine her de corporibus eorum legit time procreat obierint / {quod} tunc predit terras et ten̄ta cum suis pertin̄ remaneant rect her ipsius RB. Et modo curia ista informaretur per totum homagium qd predictus R et A. obierunt sine herede inter eos procreat et predictus RB. silit / et super hoc venit IB. fratr et heres predict RB. et petit admitti et ad∣missus est tenens. &c. et per licentiam domini prefa∣tus IB. concessit predictum tenementum et terras / que ei remaneant post mortem predictorum RB. et RC et A. vxor eius / Remaneret WC et hered suis cui dominus inde concessit seisinam tenend ad volūtatem domini secundum. et cetera / et dat. &c. et fe∣cit. &c.

¶Another maner for terme of lyfe with dy∣uers remaynders ouer.

¶Ad hanc cur venit RB et sursū reddit in mani{bus} dn̄i vnū messuagium / et octo acras terr customar voc A. vt dominus faciet inde voluntatem suam / et dominus inde habetur seisinam. Et ex gratia sua spe¦ciali reconcessit predictum messuagium et terr pre∣fato RB et I vxori eius durante vita reorum ita qd post eorum decessū dictum tenementum et terras re∣maneāt B vxor A / durante vita sua et post decessum ipsius B. predict terras & tenementa remaneant re∣ctis hered ipsius R.B imperpetuum tenend eisdem RB et I vxori eius durante tota vita corum per vir¦gam ad voluntatem domini secundum. et cetera / in forma predicta saluo iur cuiuslibet / et cetera / et pre∣dictus R. et I. dant domino de fine / et cetera / et fece∣runt fidelitatem / et cetera.

¶A surrendre out of the court / and a re∣mayndre with a cōdycion.

¶Ad hanc cur compertum est qd RF. languens in extremis sursum redd in manibus B. R. extra cur per manus IH in presentia A. C. et B. D. tenentes huius manerii / hoc testante vnum messuagium cum pertin̄. &c. ad opus A vxor predict R. F. tenend sibi per seruic inde debit secundum consuetudinem ma∣nerii / pro termino vite sue ita {quod} post mortem dicte A predict mess. remaneat I filio predict R. et A. ether de co{per}e suo legittīe procreat. Et si cōtingat I obier

siue hered de corpore suo legittime procreat / qd tunc predict messuagiū remanere R. filio p̄dict R et A. & hered de corpore suo legittime procreat. Et si cōtin∣gat predict R. obiere. &c. qd tūc predictū messuagiū per executores vtrum{que} eorum diutius viuent ven∣dantur. et denerios inde recept et prouenient pro aīa¦bus parent eorum et suorum in piis vsibus / et operi∣bus caritatiuis in missis celebrādis et elemosinis di¦stribuendis / pro vt melius eis viderint expedir pro aīabus antecessorum et predecessorum suo{rum} / quibus dn̄s inde concessit seisinam / tenend in forma predict ad voluntatem dn̄i secundū consuet manerii / et dant dn̄o de fine. &c. et fecit fidelit. Et nota {quod} si vnus eo{rum} obiit & heres eius sit infra etatem fidelitas respectu∣atur quousque ad etatem veniat.

¶A supplycacion to be exempt from all ma∣ner inquestes and iuryes within the lordshyppe.

¶Ad hanc cur venit RC. instant supplicando {pro} vt ipse per plurima tempora transacta supplicauit. Et profert domino finem annualem nomine exēptionis nis vt ipse ex sua gratia speciali et fauore ob causam senectutis infirmitatis et debilitatissue possit exono rare de cetero / ab omnibus et singulis inquisitioni∣bus iuramentis & offic quorumcunque: tam in hac villa {quam} alibi infra dominium domini sibi obiciend / & assignād / quapropter aspecta vero senectute / vna cum infirmitate / et debilitate sua sub fine ānuali no∣mine exemptionis inde prolate ac suggestione eius /

per tenentes et visus {quam} ipsum veracit congrua testi∣ficata in premissis. Modo dn̄s concessit in ista curia per IF senescal. suum prefato RC huiusmodi licēt fauorem et exemptionem ad terminum vite sue du∣ratur / et predict RC dat domino de annuali redd {per} soluendum annuatim .iiii.d. ad terminos vsuales. ¶Ad hanc cur venit IS / et dat domino de fine pro secta cur respectuand per .i. annum / vt patet. ¶Ad hanc curiā venit IS / natiuus domini huius manerii / et petit licenc ad maritand filiam suam in¦fra dominium istud / vel extra / & dominus per W. C. senescallum suum concessit licenc et dat. &c.

MEmorandum that there is no maner of estat{is} made of free lande by polle dede or dede indē¦ted / but lyke estates may be made by copye of copye landes / if they be well made and entred in the courte rolles. And the stewarde is bounde by lawe and con¦scyence to be an indyfferent iudge bytwene the lorde and his tenauntes / and to entre their copyes truely in the lordes court rolles / the whiche is a regester to the lorde to knowe his presydentes / customes / & ser∣uyces / and also a great suretie to the tenantes / that if their copies were lost / they may vouche and resort to the lordes court rolles / and the stewarde maye make them newe copyes / accordynge to the olde presydent in the lordes court role / lyke as at the commen lawe / whan a mater in varyaūce bytwene two men is past by verdyt / and iudgement gyuen therof / and entred in the kynges recordes / ther it resteth of recorde. and

also yf a dede or a patent be inrolled / there it remey∣neth of recorde in lyke maner. so y^t if any partie wyll haue any copye therof / they maye sue to the iudges & the offycers of the place where the recorde lyeth / and haue a copye therof exemplyfied vnder the seale of of¦fyce of the same place / where suche recorde lyeth / and maye plede the same recorde in euery court the kyng hathe / and the lordes stewarde maye do in lyke ma∣ner. &c.

¶The othe of all maner of offycers generally.

¶To whome the stewarde shall saye / ley thy hande vpon the boke and saye after me / I shall true consta∣ble be / trewe thridborowe / trewe reue / trewe franke∣lege / trewe tythingman / true ale taster / trewe wode∣warde / and trewe pynder / with suche other offycers that be vsed to be sworne in y^e lordes courte / and true presētment make / and truely and duely do and kepe all thynges that belongeth to myne offyce to do / so helpe me god and my holydome / and kysse the boke.

¶The othe of a denysen.

¶I shall true liegeman be / and true faythe beare to kyng Henry that nowe is / and to his heyres / and no trayson do / nor thervnto assent / nor no thefte do / nor no theues felowe be / nor any of them to knowe / But that I shall enforme and do to witte them that be the

kynges offycers therof that haue y^e lawe to gouerne. and I shall be buxome and obeydient to iustyces / cō∣myssioners / sheriffes / exchetours / baylyes / and con∣stables / and to all other offycers of the kynges in all thynges that they commaunde me to do laufully / so helpe me god and halydome. &c.

¶The othe of afferoure.

¶I shall truely affere this court / and highe no man for no hate / ne lowe no man for no loue / but to sette e∣uery man truely after the quantite of his trespace to my knowledge / sauyng to a gentylman his countey∣naunce and his householde / a machaunt his marchā¦dyse / a husbande his tenure and his werke beestes to his ploughe / so helpe me god and my holydome.

This artycle gothe farther. Et quantum reddant per annum de redditu assise. And howe moche they yelde by the yere of rente of assise. And first ye shall knowe / that there be thre maner of rentes / that is to saye: rent seruyce / rent charge / and rent seeke. Rent seruyce / is wher a man holdeth his lādes of his lorde by fealtie & certayne rent / or by homage / fealtie & cer∣tayne rent / or by any other seruice and certayne rent. This is a rēt seruyce / & if the rent be behynde at any day y^t it ought to be payed at / the lord may distreyne for that rent of cōmen right / and if the lorde purchase parcell of the sayd lande that the rent gothe out of / y^e rent shalbe apporcyoned: except it be an entter rent /

as a sperhauke / or a horse / or suche other that can nat be seuered / for than the rent is extinct and gone for e∣uer. &c. Rent charge / is where a man is seased of lan∣des in fee and graunt by poole dede or by dede inden¦ted▪ Annuell rent goyng out of the same landes in fee or in fee tayle or for terme of lyfe / with a clause of dy∣stresse that is a rent charge / and the graūtee maye di¦streyne for the same rent / bycause of the clause of dy∣stresse. But if the graunte purchase parcell of y^e sayd landes / wherof the sayd rent gothe out / the hole rent charge is extynct and gone for euer. For suche a rent charge maye nat be apporcioned / bycause the landes come to his owne possession by his owne acte or dede Rent seeke / is wher a man is seased of landes in fee graunt / a rent goyng out of the same without a clau¦se of distresse / that is a rent seeke and it is called a rēt seeke / bycause there is no distresse insedent nor belō∣gyng to the same. Also if a man by dede indēted ma∣ke a feoffement in fee or in fee tayle / the remayndre o∣uer in fee or for terme of lyfe remeyner ouer in fee / re¦seruyng to hym certayne rente without any clause of distresse in the same. That is a rent seeke / and if the graunte were neuer seased of the said rent / he is with out remayndre by course of the cōmen lawe. Ther is another maner of rent: that is nother rente seruyce / rent charge / nor rent seeke / and that is called rent an¦nuell. And that is / where as a man graunteth by his dede / an annuitie of .xx.s. be it more or lasse / and char¦geth no lande with the payment of the same. That is a rent annuell / and it chargeth the person that graun¦teth

the sayd rent by a writte of annuite / and in some cause a rent charge / may become an annuell rent. as and a man graunt a rente charge out of his lande w^t a clause of dystresse / the graunte is at lybertie / whe∣der he wyll distreyne for the rent / or sewe a writ of an nuyte agaynst the graunter. And if he sewe his writ of annuyte / the lande is dyscharged of any distresse. and therfore the grauntour maye make a prouycion in his graunt .s. prouiso semper / {quod} presens scriptum nec aliquid in eo specificatum non aliqualiter se ex∣tendat ad onorandū personam meam per breue / vel actionem de annuite. sed tantūmodo ad onorandū terras / et tenementa predicta de annuali redditu pre¦dicto. And this prouyse had / the landes be charged and the person discharged.