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Frontmatter
Preface
I. The Age of the Democratic Revolution
The Revolution of Western Civilization
A "Democratic" Revolution: "Democrat" and "Aristocrat" in European Languages
A Preview of What Follows
II. Aristocracy about 1760: The Constituted Bodies
The Diets of Eastern Europe
Councils and Estates of the Middle Zone
The Provincial Estates and Parlements of France
Parliaments and Assemblies in the British Isles and America
III. Aristocracy about 1760: Theory and Practice
Montesquieu, Real de Curban, Blackstone, Warburton
Uses and Abuses of Social Rank
Problems of Administration, Recruitment, Taxation, and Class Consciousness
IV. Clashes with Monarchy
The Quasi-Revolution in France, 1763-1774
The Monarchist Coup d'Etat of 1772 in Sweden
The Hapsburg Empire
V. A Clash with Democracy: Geneva and Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Rousseau, Voltaire, and Geneva to 1762
The Social Contract, 1762
The Genevese Revolution of 1768
VI. The British Parliament between King and People
The British Constitution
The First American Crisis: The Stamp Act
Tribulations of Parliament, 1766-1774
The Second American Crisis: The Coercive Acts and the Continental Congress
VII. The American Revolution: The Forces in Conflict
The Revolution: Was There Any?
Anglo-America before the Revolution
The Revolution: Democracy and Aristocracy
The Revolution: Britain and Europe
VIII. The American Revolution: The People as Constituent Power
The Distinctiveness of American Political Ideas
Constitution-making in North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts
A Word on the Constitution of the United States
Ambivalence of the American Revolution
IX. Europe and the American Revolution
The Sense of a New Era
Channels of Communication
The Depths of Feeling
The American Constitutions: An International Argument
X. Two Parliaments Escape Reform
The Arming of Ireland: "Grattan's Parliament"
The "Association" Movement in England
The Reform Bills and Their Failure
The Conservatism of Edmund Burke
The "Appellation of Citizen" vs. the Test Act
XI. Democrats and Aristocrats--Dutch, Belgian, and Swiss
The Dutch Patriot Movement
The Belgian Revolution
A View of Switzerland
Reflections on the Foregoing
XII. The Limitations of Enlightened Despotism
Joseph II: The Attempted Revolution from Above
Leopold II: The Aristocratic Counterattack
Three Charters of the North
XIII. The Lessons of Poland
The Gentry Republic
The Polish Revolution: The Constitution of 1791
A Game of Ideological Football
XIV. The French Revolution: The Aristocratic Resurgence
The Problem of the French Revolution
Ministers and Parlements, 1774-1788
The Aristocratic Revolt
XV. The French Revolution: The Explosion of 1789
The Formation of a Revolutionary Psychology
The Overturn: May to August 1789
The Constitution: Mounier and Sieyes
Appendices
I. References for the Quotations at Heads of Chapters
II. Translations of Metrical Passages
III. Excerpts from Certain Basic Legal Documents
1. The Russian Charter of Nobility, 1785
2. The Prussian General Code, 1791
3. The Swedish Act of Union and Security, 1789
4. The Polish Constitution of 1791
5. The Hungarian Coronation Oath of 1790
6. The Brabant Declaration of Independence, 1789
7. The Geneva Edict of Pacification, 1782
8. The Canada Act, 1791
9. The Constitutions of the United States, 1787, and of Pennsylvania, 1790
10. The French Constitution of 1789-1791
IV. The Virgina Declaration of Rights of 1776, and the French Declaration of Rights of 1789
V. "Democratic" and "Bourgeois" Characteristics in the French Constitution of 1791: Property Qualifications in France, Britain, and America
Index
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