68 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 303. Kakushin * f- (Reform) A general magazine begun in October, 1938, and continued for several years. Monthly. Published by the Kakushinsha. It claimed that its reformist policies would be established only on the basis of strict, scientific studies into politics, economics, thought, culture, and every other pertinent field. However, it is remembered chiefly for the fact that it printed Nakano Shigeharu's "Uta no wakare (Departure with a song)." 304. Keizai orai - i A - (Events in economics) An economics magazine. Monthly. Begun in May, 1926. In October, 1935, it was reissued under the new title Nihon hy6ron (Japan review) and became one of the four great general magazines along with Kaizo (Reconstruction), Chiu koron (Central review), and Bungei shunju (Literary annals). Published in Keizai orai was "Shish6setsu-ron (On private fiction)," by Kobayashi Hideo. 305. Kibachi I. t (The wasps) Published by D6bunsha. Begun in April, 1946; suspended in February, 1949, after the fifth number had been issued. The name Kibachi was taken from the work of Aristophanes to symbolize the existence in Japan of a true democracy. Emphasizing art and science, Kibachi tried to attract a readership consisting of women and youth as well as of the older male intelligentsia. "Kurai e (A dark picture)," by Noma Hiroshi, was perhaps its most important offering in fiction. 306. Kindai bungaku Jr ' (Moder literature) A literary magazine begun in January, 1946. At first published by the founders' group consisting of seven writers, Honda Shugo, Yamamuro Shizuka, Hirano Ken, Haniya Yutaka, Ara Masahito, Odagiri Hideo, and Sasaki Kiichi, later by Yakumo Shoten, and at last by Kawade Shobo. In suspension now. In the pre-war era, the founders had all been attracted to Marxism in varying degrees. Now their common aim was to revise the literature of the older Marxist school and correct the naivete' of literary realism in Japan. Having survived the period prior to and during World War II when most progressive and radical writers had become more traditionalist in their thinking, they now tried to ascertain the exact nature of the modern (and postwar) age each for himself. They therefore discussed such topics as the relationship between politics and literature, the question of the special characteristics of the several generations of writers working at the same time, the nature of the subjective consciousness, the degree of war guilt which literary men should feel, the problem of reconversion to orthodox thinking, and the pre-modernism discernible in postwar Japanese literature. At the end of 1946, Odagiri seceded, and Kat6 Shuichi, Kubota Masabumi, Nakamura Shin' ichir, Noma Hiroshi, Hanada Kiyoteru, and others newly joined the group. Approximately 30 additional members were added in 1948. Most recently the members have not written quite so much as before for Kindai bungaku, and the magazine has had to suspend publication. Among the works printed in the earlier years of Kindai bungaku are "Shiry6 (A dead man's spirit)," by Haniya, "Seinen no wa (The circle of youths)," by Noma; "Kabe (The wall)," by Abe K6b6; and "Norisoda sodoki (Report of the disturbance at Norisoda)," by Sugiura Mimpei. 307. Kindai seikatsu i r'- '\ -I (Modern living) Ran from April, 1929, to August, 1932, inclusive. Followed Fud6ch6. Edited by Kamura Isota, who re, ceived the assistance of Nakamura Murao. It became the medium in which the younger writers of the Newly Rising Aesthetic School placed their contributions. These writers included Funabashi Seiichi, Sasaki Toshiro, Serizawa K6jir6, Kitamura Komatsu, and Kitamura Hisao. 308. Kingu k > 7" (King) Published by K6dansha. Begun in January, 1925, with the object of becoming a magazine for the entire nation, offering culture, amusement, enjoyment, and ready information for all the people irrespective of age, sex, and class. Frankly bent on becoming popular, it hoped to reach every family in the whole country. Also introduced many fresh and vivid accounts of the social and political scene in addition to exciting pieces of fiction, and actually attained a readership of a million and several hundred thousands. It still remains a popular general magazine. Among the authors represented in Kingu are Yoshikawa Eiji, Kikuchi Kan, Maki Itsuma, Funabashi Seiichi, Tateno Nobuyuki, Tsunoda Kikuo, and Suwa Sabur6. A long succession of editors has worked to maintain Kingu's opularity. 309. Kinr6sha bungaku 1f L ~ St (Worker's literature) Begun in March, 1948, by the Shin-Nihon Bungakkai e 9 f - I / (New Japanese Literary Association) with the intention of training writers who belong to the proletariat. The editors were Tokunaga Sunao and Tsuboi Shigeji. Introduced the fiction, poems, and reportorial work of the writers it trained, and at the same time gave instruction on how to write fiction. Among the workers who started writing in this magazine are Hamada Ky6tar6 and Atsuta Gor6. Suspended in August, 1949, just after the publication of the 9th number. 0