Reviews and Accounts ARKIVOC 2013 (i) 294-332
Rotaxanes and pseudorotaxanes with threads containing pyridinium units
Malgorzata Deska, Jolanta Kozlowska, and Wanda Sliwa*
Jan Dlugosz University, Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, 42-200 Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15 Street, Poland E-mail: w.sliwa@ajd.czest.pl
Abstract
In this review, a continuation of an earlier one concerning rotaxanes with threads containing viologen units, the syntheses and properties of rotaxanes with threads bearing quaternary pyridinium units are described, along with their possible applications. In the first part rotaxanes containing bis(dipyridiniumyl)ethane unit in the thread are presented; they include species with stoppers incorporating metal complexes. The second part concerns rotaxanes formed by anion templation, they are divided into those involving the Grubbs RCM procedure for construction of a ring, and those employing rings built by condensation reactions. Then rotaxanes synthesized with the use of previously prepared rings are described. The third part deals with rotaxane molecular machines, especially those bearing mannosyl moieties. In the last part pseudorotaxanes containing crown ether based cryptands as rings, are shown.
Keywords: Association constants; crown ether; cryptand; interlocked structure; templation
Table of Contents
1. Introduction 2. Rotaxanes containing bis(dipyridiniumyl)ethane unit in the thread 2.1. Rotaxanes with conventional stoppers 2.2. Rotaxanes with stoppers incorporating metal complexes 3. Rotaxanes formed by anion templation 3.1. Rotaxanes with rings built by Grubbs RCM procedure 3.2. Rotaxanes with rings built by condensation reactions 3.3. Rotaxanes with previously prepared rings 4. Rotaxane-based molecular machines 5. Pseudorotaxanes containing cryptands as rings 6. Conclusions 7. Acknowledgements References 1. Introduction 1-4 5-7 8,9 10,11
Rotaxanes,as well as catenanes, daisy chains,and molecular knots,belong to
12,13
mechanically interlocked molecules;in recent years investigation of these species has developed rapidly due to their valuable properties and applications in molecular electronics and in design of smart novel materials.
Rotaxanes are of interest in the nanotechnology field for the construction of molecular
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machines and devices;also pseudorotaxanes,polypseudorotaxanesand
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polyrotaxanesdeserve an attention. Rotaxanes based on cyclodextrins,calixarenes,
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