for very helpful discussions and the CEM Corporation for providing the Discover® microwave synthesizer.
References and Notes
1. (a) Caddick, S. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 10403. (b) Perreux, L.; Loupy, A. Tetrahedron 2001, 57, 9199. (c) Lidström, P.; Tierney, J.; Wathey, B.; Westman, J. Tetrahedron 2001, 57, 9225. (d) Larhed, M.; Hallberg, A. Drug Discovery Today 2001, 6, 406. (e) Fini, A.; Breccia, A. Pure Appl. Chem. 1999, 71, 573. 2. (a) Loupy, A.; Petit, A.; Hamelin, J.; Texier-Boullet, F.; Jacquault, P.; Mathé, D. Synthesis 1998, 1213. (b) Varma, R. S Green Chem. 1999, 1, 43. (c) Kuhnert, N.; Danks, T. N. Green Chem. 2001, 3, 68. (d) Tanaka, K.; Toda, F. Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1025. 3. Single-mode cavities offer more consistent and predictable energy distribution. Single- mode instruments produce one homogeneous, intense pocket of energy that is highly reproducible. Due to their uniform energy distribution and higher power density, these systems typically couple more efficiently with small samples. Hayes, B. L. Microwave Synthesis: Chemistry at the Speed of Light; CEM Publishing: Matthews, NC, 2002. 4. Danks, T. N. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3957. 5. Selvi, S.; Perumal, P. T. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 2002, 39, 1129. 6. Usyatinsky, A. Ya.; Khmelnitsky, Y. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 5031. 7. Marrero-Terrero, A. L.; Loupy, A. Synlett 1996, 245. 8. Bentiss, F.; Lagrenée, M.; Barbry, D. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 1539. 9. Alterman, M.; Hallberg, A. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 7984. 10. Kaddar, H.; Hamelin, J.; Benhaoua, H. J. Chem. Res.(S) 1999, 718. 11. (a) Chandra Sheker Reddy, A.; Shanthan Rao, P.; Venkataratnam, R. V. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 5847. (b) Narsaiah, B.; Sivaprasad, A.; Venkataratnam, R. V. J. Fluorine Chem. 1994, 66, 47. 12. Sridar, V. Indian J. Chem. 1997, 36B, 86. 13. Molina, A.; Vaquero, J. J.; Garcia-Navio, J. L.; Alvarez-Builla, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2673. 14. Öhberg, L.; Westman, J. Synlett 2001, 1296. 15. Quiroga, J.; Cisneros, C.; Insuasty, B.; Abonia, R.; Nogueras, M.; Sánchez, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 5625. 16. Avalos, M.; Babiano, R.; Cintas, P.; Clemente, F. R.; Jimenez, J. L.; Palacios, J. C.; Sanchez, J. B. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6297. 17. Ranu, B. C.; Hajra, A.; Jana, U. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 531. 18. Eynde, J. J. V.; Hecq, N.; Kataeva, O.; Kappe, C. O. Tetrahedron 2001, 57, 1785. 19. Ding, J.; Gu, H.; Wen, J.; Lin, C. Synth. Commun. 1994, 24, 301. 20. Abenhaïm, D.; Díez-Barra, E.; de la Hoz, A.; Loupy, A.; Sánchez-Migallón, A. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 793. 21. (a) Villemin, D.; Gómez-Escalonilla, M. J.; Saint-Clair, J.-F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 635. (b) Combs, A. P.; Saubern, S.; Rafalski, M.; Lam, P. Y. S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1623.
